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132
Sukanya et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences
“IMPACT OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON MATERNITY BENEFIT SCHEME
AMONG PREGNANT MOTHERS OF RURAL BANGALORE”
Dr. Sukanya*, Dr. Sanjeev Badiger and Reddamma G.G.
Dept. of OBG govt. College of Nursing, Bangalore.
Article Received on 26/03/2019 Article Revised on 16/04/2019 Article Accepted on 06/05/2019
INTRODUCTION
Health is certainly more valuable than money,
because it is by health that money is procured.
– Johnson
Preamble
Women have always been regarded as the wreakers
succumbed by various physical, mental and social
problems since long. It‟s the one group of society that
has always been on the edge of sword. This has leaded to
various maternal problems including high maternal
mortality rates and deprived health services, especially in
developing countries like India. But over time
governments have made lot of efforts to revert this
pathetic condition of mothers. And in pursuance of this,
the government has started a number of programmes and
schemes to make the mothers counted. One of such
scheme is Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), a safe
motherhood intervention started in 2005 with the
objective to bring down the MMR by promoting
institutional deliveries, decline in domiciliary delivery.
Need for the study
The health of women actually represents the health of the
country. Safe motherhood can only be reached if
complete care is given to the mothers. It is a
comprehensive total healthcare that can be offered to
women.
According to World Health Organisation, “a maternal
death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant
or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy,
irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy,
from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy
or its management but not from accidental or incidental
causes.”10 Maternal mortality rate is the ratio of the
number of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births. In
2003, the World Health Organisation, United Nation
International Children Emergency Fund, produced a
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Sukanya
Dept. of OBG govt. College of Nursing, Bangalore.
ABSTRACT
Women have always been regarded as the wreakers succumbed by various physical, mental and social problems
since long. It‟s the one group of society that has always been on the edge of sword. This has leaded to various
maternal problems including high maternal mortality rates and deprived health services, especially in developing
countries like India. But over time governments have made lot of efforts to revert this pathetic condition of
mothers. And in pursuance of this, the government has started a number of programmes and schemes to make the
mothers counted. One of such scheme is Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), a safe motherhood intervention started in
2005 with the objective to bring down the MMR by promoting institutional deliveries, decline in domiciliary
delivery. Methods: The research design used in the study was pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test
design, on probability purposive sampling technique was used to draw sample. The data was collected from 500
pregnant mothers using the structured interview schedule. AP was conducted and post test was administered after 7
days using the same structured interview schedule to find out the impact of Awareness programme. Results: In this
study the enhancement in the mean knowledge score between pre-test and post-test found to be 43%. The statistical
paired t-test implies significant difference in the enhancement of knowledge between pre-test and post-test
(t=76.31**, P<0.05). The result reveals the impact of awareness programme on Janani Suraksha Yojana. The area
wise mean enhancement knowledge score indicate the range is between 38.4% – 50.8% revealing the impact of
awareness programme. However paired t-test indicates statistical significance at 5% level for all the individual
aspects under study. Interpretation and conclusion: The study findings suggested that AP is an effective
instructional method in improving the knowledge of pregnant women.
KEYWORDS: Awareness Program, Additional Cash Incentive, Ante Natal Care, Auxiliary Nurse Midwives.
Research Article
ISSN 2454-2229
wjpls, 2019, Vol. 5, Issue 6, 132-136
World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences
WJPLS
www.wjpls.org
SJIF Impact Factor: 5.088
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133
Sukanya et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences
report with statistics on maternal mortality rate. The
world average maternal mortality rate per 1,00,000 was
400, the average for developed regions were 20 and for
developing regions 440. The worst countries were:
Afghanistan-1,100, Zimbabwe, and Central Africa-1100
etc.
Objectives of the study
1. To assess the pre test level of knowledge on
maternity benefit scheme Janani SurakshaYojana
among eligible pregnant mothers.
2. To find the impact of awareness programme on
maternity benefit scheme, Janani Suraksha Yojana
among eligible pregnant mothers.
3. To find out the association of pre- test awareness
programme on JSY among the eligible pregnant
mother with selected demographic variables.
Hypotheses of the study
H1: There is a significant difference between the Pre-test
and Post-test Knowledge scores of pregnant mothers
regarding knowledge on Janani Suraksha Yojana.
H2: There is a significant association between pre-test
knowledge scores and selected demographic variables of
eligible pregnant mothers.
Variables
Research Variables: Knowledge regarding maternity
benefit scheme.
Socio-Demographic Variables
Age, educational qualification, occupational status,
religion, family income, type of family, education of
husband, gravida, previous information.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research design used in the study was pre-
experimental one group pre-test and post-test design, on
probability purposive sampling technique was used to
draw sample. The data was collected from 500 pregnant
mothers using the structured interview schedule. AP was
conducted and post test was administered after 7 days
using the same structured interview schedule to find out
the impact of Awareness programme. The Main study
was conducted from 01/04/2012 to 30/01/2013.
Criteria for Selection of the Sample
The sample was selected based on the following criteria:
Inclusion criteria
Pregnant mothers who are attending the antenatal
OPD, Rural Bangalore.
Pregnant mothers above the age of 19 years who are
below poverty line.
Exclusion criteria
Pregnant mothers with more than two living
children.
The tool was developed by the investigator after
reviewing the related literature and guidance from the
experts in the field.
Section I
Section I comprised of demographic variables which are
10 in number. They are age, educational qualification,
occupational status, religion, family income, type of
family, education of husband, gravida, previous
information of Janani Suraksha Yojana programme, and
source of information.
Section II
The structured interview schedule on awareness
regarding Janani Suraksha Yojana among pregnant
mothers consisted of 42 items. The interview schedule
had four main areas namely, knowledge of basic
concepts of antenatal and postnatal care (13),
introduction to JSY(3), Thayi Bhagya Programme (6),
benefits and beneficiaries of Janani Suraksha Yojana
(20). Each item has four options with one correct answer.
The score for correct response to each item was “one”
and incorrect response was “zero”. Thus for 42 items
maximum obtainable score was 42 and minimum was
zero. To interpret the level of knowledge, the scores were
distributed as follows:
Arbitrary scoring
Sl. No.
Level of knowledge
Mean%
1.
Inadequate knowledge
0-50%
2.
Moderate knowledge
51-75%
3.
Adequate knowledge
75% and above
RESULTS
Section I: Findings of Frequency Distribution of socio
demographic characteristics of eligible pregnant mothers
Majority 40.2% of the respondents were in the age group
of 24-28 years.
The majority 40.0% of the respondents had completed
middle school education.
The majority 53.6% of the respondents were house wife,
34.2% of the respondents were cooli workers.
The distribution of respondents by religion shows that
highest respondents (77.6%) were Hindus followed by
(22.4%) of the respondents being Muslims.
The majority (45.8%) of the respondents had a family
income between Rs.2001- 4000 per month.
The majority of respondents (40.2%) belongs to nuclear
family.
The majority (30%) of the respondent's husband had
completed middle school education.
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Sukanya et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences
The majority (63.6%) of the respondents were
primigravida, and remaining (36.4%) of the respondents
were multi gravida.
The majority (57.8%) of the respondents had previous
knowledge on Janani Suraksha Yojana programme.
The majority (20.0%) of respondents gets the source of
knowledge on JSY services from health personnel.
Findings related to Area wise Mean Pre-test and
Post-test Knowledge on Janani Suraksha Yojana
Area wise mean pre-test and post-test knowledge on
Janani suraksha yojana. shows that the pre-test means
knowledge score regarding the basic concept of Ante
natal and postnatal care pre-test score was (39.3%) and
the post-test score is (77.7%). The enhancement of the
knowledge is found to be (38.4%). Regarding
Introduction to JananiSurakshaYojana the pre-test score
was (29.9%) and post-test score is (80.7%) with
enhancement of (50.8%). The pre-test score regarding
ThayiBhagya aspect was (41.9%) and post-test score is
(81.2%) with enhancement of (39.3%). The aspect of
Benefits & Beneficiaries of Janani Suraksha Yojanapre-
test score was (35.1%) and post-test score is (78.1%)
with enhancement of (43.0%).
Over all Pre-test and Post-test Mean% Knowledge on
Janani Suraksha Yojana
Figure shows that pre-test mean% knowledge score
found to be (35.1%) as compared to overall post-test
mean% knowledge score noticed as (78.1%), the gain
knowledge score found to be (43.0%). The data
subjected for satisfied paired t-test showed a highly
significant difference (p<0.05) existing between pre-test
and post-test over all mean% knowledge score (t=76.31).
There for it is inferred that the awareness programme on
jsy was found to be effective
DISCUSSION
Related to socio-demographic variables
Age: Table 1 reveals that distribution of respondents by
age. Majority (40.2%) of the respondents were in the age
group of 19-23 years, followed by 33.8% in the age
group of 24-28 years, and 26.0% in the age group of 29-
33 years. The findings are consistent with study
conducted by Begum R,Joseph GA that 53.5% of the
participants belongs to the age group of 20-25 years
while 37.8% were from 26-30 years and 8.5% were from
the age group of 31-35 years.
Educational status: Majority (40.0%) of the
respondents had completed middle school education,
34.2% of the respondents had primary education, and
25.8% of the respondents were illiterate. A similar study
was conducted by Begum R, Joseph GA. The findings of
the study are consistent with the present study findings
that majority 56.8% were illiterates.19.6% of them were
literates, out of which 13.7% had primary education.
Occupational status: Majority (53%) of the respondents
were housewives, 34.2% of the respondents were coolie
workers, and 12.2% of the respondents were
agriculturists. Which was supported by the findings of
Sharma 2008 that majority 53% of the respondents were
housewives and 19% of the respondents were
agriculturists39 and a similar study was supported by
Begum R, Joseph GA. The findings of the study are
consistent with the present study findings that majority
81.9% of respondents were engaged in daily labour work
and 14.6% of them were agriculturist, only 3.5%were
home makers without work engagement.
Religion: The classification of respondents by religion
shows that highest respondents (77.6%) were Hindus
followed by 22.4% Muslims similar findings were found
by Sharma R 2008 where majority 83% of respondents
were Hindus & 4% were Muslims& 1% were
Christians39 and asimilar study was supported by Begum
R, Joseph GA.The findings of the study are consistent
with the present study findings that majority 91.8% of
them were Hindus and 8.2% them were muslims. No
Christians or any other communities.
Family income: Majority (42.8%) of the respondents
had a family income between Rs. 2001-2000 per month,
28% of respondents were in the income range of Rs.
4001-6000, and 26.2% of the respondents were below
earning less than Rs. 2000.A similar study findings of
Gupta SK,Pal DK,Tiwari R,Garg R,shrivastav AK,
Sarawagi R,et al2012 were consistent that 44.8% of them
belonged to middle class family,38.46% of them were
belonged to upper middle class,6.4% of them were lower
middle class family.
Type of family: Majority of the respondents (59.8%)
belonged to joint family as compared to 40.2% of the
respondents living in nuclear family. A similar study was
conducted by R. Sharma (2008) where majority (57%) of
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Sukanya et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences
the respondents belonged to nuclear family.[39] and
another study by Begum R findings where supported that
54.3% of them living in nuclear family while 2.4% of
them were belonged to joint family.
Education status of husbands: The majority (30%) of
the respondents‟ husbands had completed middle school
education, 26.2% of them had completed primary
education, 24% of them had completed high school, and
19.8% of them were illiterate. It was supported by Dilip
K Mandal (2009) on JSY benefits for mothers. The
results revealed that husband‟s education was positively
associated.
Gravida: Majority (63.6%) of the respondents were
primigravida, and remaining (36.4%) respondents were
multi gravida. In this study findings found that by Gupta
S. K., et. al. in Madhya Pradesh where there was
significant decrease in maternal death in multigravida
after implementation of JSY.79and a similar study
findings of Gupta SK,Pal DK,Tiwari R,Garg
R,shrivastav AK,Sarawagi R,et al 2012 findings were
supported that 35.8% were primigravida , and 64.23%
were multigravida.
Previous source of Knowledge: The majority (57.8%)
of the respondents had previous knowledge on
JananiSurakshaYojana programme and only (42.2%) of
the respondents were not aware of Janani Suraksha
Yojana. A similar study conducted by Dr.Ramakanth
Sharma between 2007-08 has shown consistent results
where out of the 200 beneficiaries all had not aware of
JSY.
Sources of Information: The majority (20.0%) of
respondents had the source of knowledge on JSY
services from health personnel, followed by elders or by
relatives (14.0%) and from friends and others (18.8%)
and (42.2%) of the respondents were not aware of JSY.
The similar findings of Begum R were supported that all
100% of respondents knew about JSY, 72.7% of them
had information from the neighbours.
Knowledge scores ofpregnant mothers onJanani
Suraksha Yojana
In the present study mean pre-test knowledge is 35.1% &
post-test mean knowledge is 78.1%.so there is increase
in knowledge found to be 43%.The ststistical paired „t‟
test implies significant difference in the enhancement of
knowledge between pre and post-test(t=76.31**,p<0.05)
this shows that there is a impact of knowledge of
pregnant mothers about awareness programme on JSY.
Similar findings are revealed by Gupta SK,Pal
DK,Tiwari R,Garg R,shrivastav AK,Sarawagi R,et al
2012 study correlates the the present study findings that
the awareness programme on JSY after introducing the
maternity benefit scheme in India has increased the
institutional deliveries from 40% in 2005-2006,which
upto 72% 2009.
Another study by Begum R findings were consistent that
the utilization increased in low performing state of Bihar
from 13.3%-18.6% because of awareness programme
conducted on maternity benefit scheme.
Impact of awareness programme
Shows that the obtained chi square value for educational
level (χ2=7.81), occupation (χ2=6.30), religion (χ2=8.84) ,
type of family (χ2=4.22) , source of information
(χ2=10.17) is greater than the tabled value at 0.05 level of
significance. Hence it is inferred that there is a
significant association of mean pre-test knowledge score
with educational level, occupation, religion, type of
family and source of information.
The findings were supported by Begum R that 67.7%
were registered near sub-centre & 32.3% never
registered.
Comparatively there is significant association between
source of information & utilization of services.
Similar findings are revealed by Gupta SK,Pal
DK,Tiwari R,Garg R,shrivastav AK,Sarawagi R,et al
2012 that there is significant in utilization of services
with low economic status because of incentive benefits
during pregnancy. Over all there is 79.8% assisted to
improve financial conditions. So there is increase in
utilization of services during pregnancy & obtaining
institutional deliveries & there is decline in the maternal
and neonatal mortality & morbidity rates in India.
Major Implications of the Study
Over all the present study is very useful, the study
findings can be published in national journals and
monthly bulletin, Government of Karnataka, Health and
Family welfare department and may utilize the study
findings for future research purpose and documentation.
RECOMMENDATIONS
A similar study may be conducted on a larger
sample for wider generalisation.
A study can be done to assess the knowledge and
practices of health worker regarding RCH services.
The study can be conducted in different settings.
Various teaching methods can be adopted to impart
knowledge and to see effectiveness of planned
teaching method on knowledge of mothers regarding
Janani Suraksha Yojana.
A comparative study can be conducted to find out
the difference and similarities between rural and
urban mothers.
REFERENCES
1. Web article in the recent news letter, (Times of
India) dated 29th, Jan, 2013.
2. Vaishali AS, Shekar T. Utilisation of JSY among
beneficiaries in Orissa.East Afr Med J, 2009 Jan;
78(18): 564-86.
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Sukanya et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences
3. Panja TK, sinha N, et al. are institutional deliveries
promoted by JSY jan, www.ncbi.nih.gov. pub med,
2012; 22684178.
4. Gupta SK,Pal DK,Tiwari R,Garg R,Shrivastav
AK,Sarawagi R et,al.Impact of JSY on institutional
delivery rate and maternity morbidity and
mortality,an observational study In India.JHealth
population Nutr., 2012 Dec; 30(4): 464-471.
5. Begum R,Joseph GA.A study on awareness on JSY
among ANC registered women in Karimganj dist.
Asian journal of multidisciplinary studies, 2017;
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6. Sharma R. Janani Suraksha Yojana: A study of the
implementation status in selected districts of
Rajasthan. Population research centre Mohall
Sukhadia University. Udaipur; [cited on 2009 Nov
16th]; Available from: URL: http://prcs – mohfw.
nic. In /548. doc., 2008.
7. Dilip K Mandal,Prabhdeep Kaur, and Manoj u
Murhekar, “Low Coverage of Janani Suraksha
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