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Evidence of a Primary Perception In Plant Life
Abstract
Cleve's first paper on Primary Perception in 1968
... As incredible as it sounds, and much to science's dismay, Backster's theses on plants' extrasensory perception and their astounding emotional capacities, shared by the author in the Winter 1968 issue of the International Journal of Parapsychology, were to quickly spread worldwide. 10 How was this possible? "Hippy times" helped. ...
... to carry out experiments in the context of Cleve Backster [6] and Peter Tompkins works with the 'Secret life of plants' [7]. ...
This paper briefly describes the device - the phytosensor - for measuring physiological and electrophysiological parameters of plants. This system is developed as a bio-physiological sensor in precise agriculture, as a tool in plant research and environmental biology, and for plant enthusiasts in smart home or entertainment applications. The phytosentor measures main physiological parameters such as the leaf transpiration rate, sap flow, tissue conductivity and frequency response, biopotentials (action potentials and variation potentials), and can conduct electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with organic tissues. Soil moisture and temperature, air quality (CO2, NO2, O3 and other sensors on I2C bus), and general environmental parameters (light, temperature, humidity, air pressure, electromagnetic and magnetic fields) are also recorded in real time. In addition to phytosensing, the device can also perform phytoactuation, i.e. execute electrical or light stimulation of plants, control irrigation and lighting modes, conduct fully autonomous experiments with complex feedback-based and adaptive scenarios in robotic or biohybrid systems. This article represents the revised and extended version of original paper and includes some descriptions and images from the FloraRobotica and BioHybrids projects.
... Additional algorithms for data analysis and actuation can be implemented with the provided script language. In amateur applications the system has a variety of potential usages, for example, in school or university courses on biology, for studying 'the electrical language of plants', or to carry out experiments in the context of Cleve Backster [6] and Peter Tompkins works with the 'Secret life of plants' [7]. ...
This paper briefly describes the device - the phytosensor - for measuring physiological and electrophysiological parameters of plants. This system is developed as a bio-physiological sensor in precise agriculture, as a tool in plant research and environmental biology, and for plant enthusiasts in smart home or entertainment applications. The phytosentor measures main physiological parameters such as the leaf transpiration rate, sap flow, tissue conductivity and frequency response, biopotentials (action potentials and variation potentials), and can conduct electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with organic tissues. Soil moisture and temperature, air quality (CO2, NO2, O3 and other sensors on I2C bus), and general environmental parameters (light, temperature, humidity, air pressure, electromagnetic and magnetic fields) are also recorded in real time. In addition to phytosensing, the device can also perform phytoactuation, i.e. execute electrical or light stimulation of plants, control irrigation and lighting modes, conduct fully autonomous experiments with complex feedback-based and adaptive scenarios in robotic or biohybrid systems. This article represents the revised and extended version of original paper and includes some descriptions and images from the FloraRobotica and BioHybrids projects.
... This consciousness in the gap is always accessible, which allows a person to constantly draw information. Backster's research on the subject is striking Backster [10]. He took DNA samples from subjects, put them in an isolated lab about 300 kilometers away, and urged them to change the minds of the subjects they belong to, and to think of bad events, to fear. ...
Higher consciousness in the human body is associated with the magnetic field. The
waves created by the magnetic field interact with the human body. The stronger the
magnetism formed in the body cavities, the stronger the consciousness bond. Therefore,
there is a strong connection between the consciousness bond and the magnetism
created by the body. In the waves created by the magnetic field formed in the spaces,
the fractals of thoughts increase or decrease at the same rate as the magnetism power.
For this reason, differences in consciousness between people are related to their
own magnetism. The magnetic field can be measured. In this direction, the magnetic
field of people can also be measured. The human body shows strong or weak magnet
properties. Because when the intense magnetic unit is accumulating and polarized,
the human body can become conscious with higher consciousness. The magnetic unit
must be evenly distributed in the human body. If a person is not integrated with the
magnetic fluctuation in the universe, that is, if the magnetic situation on the left of a
person is irregular and the magnetic situation on the right is regular, extraordinary
states and abnormal neuronal connections occur in the brain.
... In 1926, Bose used the isolated vascular bundles of a fern (Blechnum nudum) to show that excitation was transmitted as an electrical disturbance that appeared to be controlled by similar physiological events as in animal nerves [8]. In 1968, Backster by using polygraph or "lie detector" can measure electrical resistance, and water would alter the resistance of the leaf [9,10]. Various studies have been carried out on the plant signal and its intelligence. ...
In the area of biorobotics, intense research work is being done based on plant intelligence. Any living cell continuously receives information from the environment. In this paper, research is conducted on the plant named descoingsii x haworthioides (Pepe) obtaining the action potential signals and its responses to stimulations of different light modes. The plant electrical signal is the reaction of plant’s stimulation owing to various environmental conditions. Action potentials are responsible for signaling between plant cells and communication from the plants can be achieved through modulation of various parameters of the electrical signal in the plant tissue. The modulated signals are used for providing information to the microcontroller’s algorithm for working of the bio-machine. The changes of frequency of action potentials in plant are studied. Electromyography (EMG) electrodes and needle-type conductive electrodes along with electronic modules are used to collect and transform the information from the plant. Inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is used to convert signal in frequency domain into voltage signal for real-time analysis. The changes in frequency of the plant action potentials to different light modes are used for the control of the bio-machine. This work has paved the way for an extensive research towards plant intelligence.
... When Backster accidentally cut off a finger and disinfected the cut with an iodine tincture, "the plant that was being monitored on the polygraph immediately reacted, apparently to the death of some cells in Backster's finger." (Tompkins and Bird, 1973) He therefore imagined that the plant was somehow sensitive to life at a cellular, if not molecular, level, a sort of "primitive perception," as he defined it in an article published in 1968 in The International Journal of Parapsychology (Backster, 1968). According to Tompkins and Bird, Backster "appeared to have tapped into some sort of force field not conventionally understood within the present body of scientific knowledge." ...
Plant totemism. Toward a new imaginary of the plants in the Anthropocene. The Italian philosopher Emanuele Coccia coined the concept of "plant totemism" to define the new emerging relationship between humans and plants in the Anthropocene. Recently, the interest in plant life is increasing, thanks to new researches on trees' ability to perceive the environment they live in and to build social relationships. These topics exert great fascination in the social imaginary since they are rooted in popular culture and return in modern times in many science-fiction stories. Moreover, studies on plant intelligence first emerged in the pseudoscientific milieu of New Age. As a result, new forms of spirituality and pseudoscience emerge, from "forest bathing" to the "bioenergetic landscape". The article analyzes the different forms the rediscovery of plant life assumes in the modern imaginary, concluding that plant totemism can be considered a case study in social imaginary to understand the emergence of a new sicentific spirit that tries to reconcile human and non-human world. Abstract Keywords Plants | Totemism |Antrhopocene | Pseudoscience| Ecospirituality
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