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Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Antiarthritic activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Moringa concanensis Nimmo leaves against FCA induced rheumatic arthritis in rats
Abstract and Figures
Background and Objective: The rheumatoid arthritis is autoimmune disease and it is a major health issues among the peoples in worldwide. People affected by rheumatism have double risk of heart disease, lungs and chest infections, which causes 10-20% of deaths in individuals. The present research work was aimed to evaluate the antiarthritic potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles from the aqueous extract of M.concanensis leaves. Material and Methods: The arthritis was induced by complete freund's adjuvant method and the rats was treated with synthesized silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of M.concanensis leaves. The body weight, paw volume, hematological parameters, liver function marker enzymes and the renal function markers of the arthritic rats and nanoparticles treated rats was analyzed by the standard methods. Results: The results of the present study were made the new findings in antiarthritic activity of silver nanoparticles from M.concanensis leaves. The nanoparticles showed a noteworthy antiarthritic activity against FCA induced rheumatoid arthritis in experimental rats. Conclusion: Based on the above results, it was concluded as the present work are states the better understand on the antiarthritic activity of silver nanoparticles of Moringa concanensis Nimmo leaves.
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... After RA induction, these rats were given daily intraperitoneal (I P) injections of Comp4 dispersed in deionized water (150 µg kg −1 body weight) for 28 d [32]. ...
... This group was given daily IP injections of Comp4 dissolved in deionized water (150 µg kg −1 body weight) for 28 d [32]. ...
... CFA induced arthritis in a rat model is a commonly used experimental model for arthritis [40]. Additionally, Comp4 [Ag(HL)(NO 3 )(H 2 O)]@MWCNTs were proved to have anti-arthritic activity, as shown in our study (tables 3 and 4) in accordance with Ramasamy et al [32]. ...
Novel supported inorganic metal nano-complexes of Ag(I) and Co(II) derived from 4-amino-N-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl) benzene sulfonamide (SulMer) were synthesized using olive leaf extract as reducing agent via grinding as well as microwave methods. The prepared samples denoted as comp1-6. The surface morphology of synthesized nanomaterials were analyzed by C, H, N, S analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV visible spectroscopy, Proton and Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,, SEM, TEM, TGA, and X-ray Powder Diffraction analysis. The data revealed that all the synthesized complexes exhibited 1:1 metal to ligand ratio with a coordination number of 4 or 6. The mean particle size of nanomaterials samples were with an average size of 25 - 35 nm. XRD patterns indicated a crystalline nature for the complexes. The supported inorganic metal nano-complexes displayed good activity for the adsorptive removal of Direct red 81 (DR-81) from aqueous solutions. On other hand, the studying of the effect of the supported metal nano- complexes on the immune system of the body was determined and how to use these anti-inflammatory compounds to treat many autoimmune diseases, most notably rheumatoid arthritis. Experimental model for arthritis can be induced using Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA). It was shown that the supported complex offer several advantages such stability, eco- friendly, simple experimental conditions, short time reaction, and easy work- up.
... Because of this resemblance in pathologic conditions, the CFA injected RA in rats is a commonly used model for RA to assess the effectiveness of antiarthritic drugs. Currently, as a medication of RA non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSIADs), disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and corticosteroids are used, which has meant for postponing structural abnormalities of RA as well as regulating the pain [37]. But still these medications are having serious adverse effects as well as more cost. ...
An effective and versatile technique was implemented for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the ethanolic extract of leaves of Pisonia grandis (R. Br). The silver nanoparticles were synthesized by three different methods and the completion of the reaction was monitored with UV-visible spectrophotometer. The XRD, Scherrer's equation and SEM analysis was employed for the characterization of synthesized silver nanoparticles. The particle size was found to be less than 150 nm, possessing spherical shape as confirmed from XRD and SEM analysis.
Gold nanoparticles have immense applications due to its unique properties. A simple and facile method for synthesis of gold nanoparticles was developed using leaf extracts of Ficus benghalensis (Indian Banyan). The phytoconstituents and reducing compounds present in the leaf extract reduces aqueous gold chloride rapidly to nanogold (Au°). The gold nanoparticles are biostabilized due to the plant constituents and their production is confirmed due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as evidenced by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. FTIR analysis confirms the presence of amino groups present due to the capping of nanoparticles by plant peptides. The even and circular size was observed by TEM. The crystalline nature was confirmed using selective area electron diffraction crystallographic experimental technique. The gold nanoparticles demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against selected gram positive and negative bacteria.
A rapid, green phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of Helianthus tuberosus (sunroot tuber) was reported in this study. The morphology of the AgNPs was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that biomolecules in the tuber extract were involved in the reduction and capping of AgNPs. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs, using an energy range of 2–4 keV, confirmed the presence of elemental silver without any contamination. Further, the synthesized AgNPs were evaluated against phytopathogens such as Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas axonopodis. The AgNPs (1–4 mM) extensively reduced the growth rate of the phytopathogens. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of the synthesized AgNPs was analyzed using rat splenocytes. The cell viability was decreased according to the increasing concentration of AgNPs and 67% of cell death was observed at 100 μg/mL.
Purpose:
Metabolic syndrome (MS), which is framed by cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia, is thought to be associated with the rheumatic diseases. The aim of this study is to examine the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to examine the effect of the inflammation symptoms, disease activity and drugs used in treating RA on insulin resistance and presence MS.
Method:
One hundred women patients diagnosed with RA according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) diagnosis criteria and 100 healthy women were included in the study as controls. Insulin resistance were evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method and MS was diagnosed according to two Metabolic Syndrome definitions (National Cholesterol Education Programme 2004, International Diabetes Federation). The disease activity of RA was evaluated by the disease activity score including 28 joints (DAS28).
Results:
In total, 27% and 33% of the RA patients and 28% and 44% of the control group patients according to the diagnostic criteria used were also MS patients. There was no significant difference between the RA and control groups in MS frequency and insulin resistance according to two diagnostic criteria used. The DAS28, erythrocyte sedimentation speed (ESS) and serum uric acid levels in the RA patients with MS were significantly higher than those of the RA patients without MS. The prevalence of MS İn patients with RA using methotrexate (MTX) was significantly lower than without RA. Other drugs used in treatment of RA had no effect on the prevalence of MS in patients with RA.
Conclusion:
Controlling inflammation and disease activity can reduce the MS frequency of RA patients and MTX treatment also may be a protective factor against MS.
Paraquat (PQ), a widely used herbicide and potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer, can injure multiple tissues and organs, especially the lung. However, the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. According to previous reports, neutrophil aggregation and excessive ROS production might play pivotal pathogenetic roles. In the present study, we found that PQ could prolong neutrophil lifespan and induce ROS generation in a concentration-independent manner. Activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated kinase (p38 MAPK), and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) but not Akt signaling pathways were involved in this process, as well as increasing levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β. Furthermore, the proinflammatory mediators IL-6 and TNF-α could in turn promote ROS generation, creating a vicious cycle. The existence of such a feedback loop is supported by our finding that neutrophil apoptosis is attenuated by PQ in a concentration-independent manner and could partially explain the clinical dilemma why oxygen therapy will exacerbate PQ induced tissue injury.
In recent years the outbreak of re-emerging and emerging infectious diseases has been a significant burden on global economies and public health. The growth of population and urbanization along with poor water supply and environmental hygiene are the main reasons for the increase in outbreak of infectious pathogens. Transmission of infectious pathogens to the community has caused outbreaks of diseases such as influenza (A/H5N1), diarrhea (Escherichia coli), cholera (Vibrio cholera), etc throughout the world. The comprehensive treatments of environments containing infectious pathogens using advanced disinfectant nanomaterials have been proposed for prevention of the outbreaks. Among these nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with unique properties of high antimicrobial activity have attracted much interest from scientists and technologists to develop nanosilver-based disinfectant products. This article aims to review the synthesis routes and antimicrobial effects of Ag-NPs against various pathogens including bacteria, fungi and virus. Toxicology considerations of Ag-NPs to humans and ecology are discussed in detail. Some current applications of Ag-NPs in water-, air- and surface- disinfection are described. Finally, future prospects of Ag-NPs for treatment and prevention of currently emerging infections are discussed.
Wide application of nanoparticles stimulates the need for synthesizing them. But, the conventional methods are usually hazardous and energy consuming. This leads to focus on "Green synthesis" of nanoparticles which seems to be an easy, efficient and eco-friendly approach. In this study, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using leaf extract of Morinda pubescens as reducing agent. The nano synthesis was monitored under different range of temperatures, radiations, time periods and concentrations of the leaf extract. The optimized nano silver thus obtained was quantified and characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The results emphasized the potent application of Morinda pubescens leaves in the synthesis of nano silver with economic viability and ease in scaling up for mass production.
The aim of the present study was to determine whether the expression of A disintegrin and metallproteinase 15 (ADAM15) affected the inflammatory conditions and cell migration in human fibroblast‑like synoviocytes (FLSs) in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The expression of ADAM15 in FLSs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was confirmed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The effects of small interfering RNA targeting ADAM15 (siADAM5) on pro‑inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were assessed using an enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of siADAM15 on cell invasion and migration in FLS were also assessed in vitro. The therapeutic effects and side effects of ADAM15 in a rat model of collagen‑induced arthritis (CIA) were examined in vivo. The present results revealed that ADAM15 expression was significantly elevated at the mRNA and protein level in FLSs stimulated with LPS and that silencing ADAM15 suppressed the expression of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, preventing FLS cell migration and invasion via inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor‑A, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 and MMP‑3 expression. In addition, treatment of CIA rats using siADAM15 significantly reduced the arthritis score and extent of joint damage in the rats. These findings indicated that silencing ADAM15 had anti‑inflammatory effects in FLSs and efficiently inhibited the development of CIA. Therefore, ADAM15 may be a potential target molecule for RA therapies.