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Gynacantha vargasi (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) sp. nov. from Costa Rica
Abstract
El macho y la hembra de Gynacantha vargasi sp. nov. se describen de tres sitios en la vertiente caribeña de Costa Rica. La especie se distingue de sus congéneres por sus franjas torácicas laterales de color verde limón, el fémur posterior de color marrón anaranjado con el ápice negro, lado dorsal de la tibia trasera amarillo, la forma única del cerco, su comportamiento diurno, y el análisis de código de barras. Se proporciona una clave para todas las especies de Gynacantha registradas de México y América Central.
... For many groups of insects, Costa Rica is one of the best-studied countries on the Central American isthmus, and its Odonata fauna is among the best-known among aquatic insects (Springer et al. 2014). Nonetheless, new species are still being discovered in the country, and several have been described recently (Haber et al. 2015;Haber 2017Haber , 2019, raising the number to over 281 species reported for this small country (Paulson 2020a). For the family Libellulidae, 27 genera and 94 species have been recorded so far (Haber et al. 2015;Paulson 2020a). ...
During research in the Tirimbina Biological Reserve, on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica, we captured adult specimens and reared larvae of the dragonfly Elga leptostyla Ris, 1911, which belongs to the Libellulidae. This species was previously reported only from southern Panama to northern South America. Therefore, this is the first record of the species and genus from Costa Rica, increasing the number of Libellulidae species recorded in the country to 95. This species’ known distribution is northwards.
An updated list of the Odonata of Costa Rica is presented containing 268 species. Since the last published list for the country, 41 additional species have been reported. The country is the best studied in Central America. The most species-rich families are Libellulidae, Coenagrionidae, Gomphidae, and Aeshnidae, together comprising ∼75% of the total fauna. Most species in the country are also found in South America, indicating a tendency for wide ranges rather than endemism. However, about a fifth of the species appear to be endemic to the Costa Rica-Panama region. Estimates of the range of the proportion of total world species occurring in Costa Rica lead to predictions of a range of 5 600-9 000 species of Odonata worldwide.
This synopsis of adult Triacanthagyna includes the revalidation of two species thought to be synonyms (T. nympha and T. obscuripennis), the description of a new species (T. williamsoni; type locality: Peru, Tingo María), keys to both sexes, illustrations of diagnostic characters, and distribution maps of all species. A phylogenetic assessment of the nine species is included, using outgroup comparison and parsimony algorithm. The cladistic analysis shows Triacanthagyna to be partitioned into two monophyletic groups: (1) two species lacking humeral, interpleural and metapleural dark stripes on pterothorax and with male cerci narrowing gradually at tip (T. septima and T. obscuripennis), and (2) six species with male cerci bearing subbasal teeth (T. satyrus, T. caribbea, T. ditzleri, T. williamsoni, T. nympha and T. trifida).
Because many animal species are undescribed, and because the identification of known species is often difficult, interim taxonomic nomenclature has often been used in biodiversity analysis. By assigning individuals to presumptive species, called operational taxonomic units (OTUs), these systems speed investigations into the patterning of biodiversity and enable studies that would otherwise be impossible. Although OTUs have conventionally been separated through their morphological divergence, DNA-based delineations are not only feasible, but have important advantages. OTU designation can be automated, data can be readily archived, and results can be easily compared among investigations. This study exploits these attributes to develop a persistent, species-level taxonomic registry for the animal kingdom based on the analysis of patterns of nucleotide variation in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. It begins by examining the correspondence between groups of specimens identified to a species through prior taxonomic work and those inferred from the analysis of COI sequence variation using one new (RESL) and four established (ABGD, CROP, GMYC, jMOTU) algorithms. It subsequently describes the implementation, and structural attributes of the Barcode Index Number (BIN) system. Aside from a pragmatic role in biodiversity assessments, BINs will aid revisionary taxonomy by flagging possible cases of synonymy, and by collating geographical information, descriptive metadata, and images for specimens that are likely to belong to the same species, even if it is undescribed. More than 274,000 BIN web pages are now available, creating a biodiversity resource that is positioned for rapid growth.
The Barcode of Life Data System (bold) is an informatics workbench aiding the acquisition, storage, analysis and publication of DNA barcode records. By assembling molecular, morphological and distributional data, it bridges a traditional bioinformatics chasm. bold is freely available to any researcher with interests in DNA barcoding. By providing specialized services, it aids the assembly of records that meet the standards needed to gain BARCODE designation in the global sequence databases. Because of its web-based delivery and flexible data security model, it is also well positioned to support projects that involve broad research alliances. This paper provides a brief introduction to the key elements of bold, discusses their functional capabilities, and concludes by examining computational resources and future prospects.
The new species is described and illustrated on the basis of two reared, subteneral males from Brazil, their larval exuviae, a mature male from French Guiana, a mature female from Venezuela, and a mature female from Surinam. One of the Brazilian males is the holotype (BRAZIL, Amazonas State, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, BR 174-km 26, trail to Acará creek, 02º55’47”S, 59º58’22”W, 0.7 m elevation, deposited in INPA). The new species (total length 50–54 mm) differs from other small species of same genus by color pattern of thorax, middle and hind tibiae dark with external (dorsal) yellow streak, male cercus with truncated tip lacking apical spine, and male epiproct reaching or slightly surpassing midlength of cercus. The larva, besides of its small size (28–31 mm), has an epiproct with well-developed and slightly diverging apical spines and an unusually long paraproct.
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56254/1/MP009.pdf
Karsch, F. (1891a) Kritik des Systems der Aeschniden. Entomologische Nachrichten, 17, 273−290. [Gynacantha membranalis]Karsch, F. (1891b) Neue Odonaten von Ecuador. IV. Aeschnidae. Societas Entomologica, 6, 121−122
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Legs pale colored; middle and hind femora with no distinct black at tips
- . . . . . . . . . . Spots
2'
Pt longer than 4 mm; medium to large size; thorax dull greenish-brown with 4-5 small black spots.............. 9.
3.
Legs pale colored; middle and hind femora with no distinct black at tips................................... 4.
3'
Legs with some black, at least tips of middle and hind femora black...................................... 7.
Dark brown stripe covering first lateral suture; thorax with two bright green lateral stripes; male S3 constricted; female S3 weakly constricted; in female S2 space between lateral and ventral carinas narrowed posteriorly; viewed laterally apical 1/4 of cercus with a dorsal lobe
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Posterior Margin
Small, HW less than 45 mm, body length less than 60 mm; auricles small; one row of cells between anal loop and posterior margin................................................................................... 5.
4'
Medium to large, HW more than 45 mm; auricles large, in lateral view extending far past the transverse carina; two rows
of cells between anal loop and posterior margin................................................ auricularis
5.
Dark brown stripe covering first lateral suture; thorax with two bright green lateral stripes; male S3 constricted; female
S3 weakly constricted; in female S2 space between lateral and ventral carinas narrowed posteriorly; viewed laterally
apical 1/4 of cercus with a dorsal lobe......................................................... caudata
5'
No dark brown stripe on first lateral suture; thorax without bright green lateral stripes; male and female S3 not constricted; in female S2 with lateral and ventral carinas subparallel; viewed laterally cercus without a dorsal lobe at apex
......................................................................................... laticeps
6.
Appendages yellow; venter of S1 with a tubercle near apex; dorsum of middle and hind tibiae pale yellow-brown with
black apex..................................................................................... 7.
6'
Appendages black, venter of S1 without a tubercle.................................................... 8.
7.
Pt dark -brown or red-brown; femora nearly all black.............................................. tibiata
7'
Pt light yellowish brown; middle and hind femora light brown or orange-brown with apical third or less black.......
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