Speed Control of DC Motor Using PWM Technique: Pulse Width Modulated DC Motor Control
Abstract
Direct current (DC) motors have variable characteristics and are used extensively in variable-speed drives. DC motor can provide a high starting torque and it is also possible to obtain speed control over wide range. Why do we need a seed motor controller? For example, if we have a DC motor in a robot, if we just apply a constant power to each motor on a robot, then the poor robot will never be able to maintain a steady speed. It will go slower over carpet, faster over smooth flooring, slower up hill, faster down hill, etc. So, it is important to make a controller to control the speed of DC motor in desired speed. DC motor plays a significant role in modern industrial. These are several types of applications where the load on the DC motor varies over a speed range. These applications may demand high-speed control accuracy and good dynamic responses. In home applications, washers, dryers and compressors are good example. In automotive, fuel pump control, electronic steering control, engine control and electric vehicle control are good examples of these. In aerospace, there are a number of applications, like centrifuges, pumps, robotic arm controls, gyroscope controls and so on.
... This confirmed that the constructed circuit conformed to the designed specification with satisfactory results. This design is similar with that of other researchers such as Verma et al. [11] , Parekh [8] , Barman et al. [12] , Mohite et al. [13] , Bhatia and Bhatia [14] , Bagal et al. [15] , Prince et al. [16] , and Singh [17] , who designed a home automatic dc fan speed controller and obtained similar result. The designed system is economical, it helps to save energy and easy to operate especially for the old age and disabled. ...
Unregulated fan speed results to excessive power wastage and over exposure to cold leading to various sicknesses especially in tropic regions like Northern Nigeria. This study designed and constructed a speed control for direct current fan using a temperature monitoring sensor. Simulation of the circuit was carried out using Proteus 8.0 and a prototype was constructed on a Vero board and tested for continuity and functionality. Results shows that the constructed device performed according to the design specifications, with an automatic increase in fan speed due to temperature increase and decreasing fan speed as the temperature falls with a smooth switching action. The recording output of the temperature sensor against the tachometer yielded a linear relationship which indicates the sensitivity of the device. The speed control can provide comfort to both domestic and industrial users especially when the temperature is considerably high and at night when the user is asleep. 1. Introduction An electric fan is a device used to produce flow of air for the purpose of providing comfortable ventilation. They are designed to create breeze and circulate the air in a region so as to provide the necessary cooling, especially during hot weather condition [1]. While an electric fan circulates the air around its environment, an airconditioning system changes the temperature of the air in its environment [2]. The fan creates its cooling effect based on the speed at which its blades rotate; hence, the speed controller is a very important part of a fan. Usually, the speed of the fan blades is controlled manually by turning the knob on the regulator. This non-innovative feature may not be very suitable when certain level of air circulation is to be maintained in various types of buildings and enclosed spaces, and when ensuring efficient use of energy [3]. Older DC fans used mechanical brushes, which can cause increased electromagnetic interference (EMI) along with dust particles due to mechanical wear throughout the system. Over time, the fan would wear and eventually fail. Brushless fans have replaced these mechanical brushes with electronic sensors and switches that now perform the necessary commutation and increase the lifetime and the reliability of these fans [4]. Brushless DC fans are called "brushless" because the electric motor within the fan is commutated electronically which makes them highly reliable with ease to use. With the improvement in machinery, smart systems are being introduced every day. In the present time microcontrollers play a vital role in the development of the smart systems [5]. A temperature controller is a closed loop control system which senses the temperature of the environment and compares it with a user-fed threshold temperature value and changes the speed of the fan so as to increase or reduce accordingly between the minimum and maximum speed values [4, 6, 3]. In an automatic temperature-controlled system, the independent variable (temperature) is measured by a suitable sensor such as a thermocouple, thermistor or thermostat and converts it to a signal accepted by the controller. The controller compares the signal to the desired temperature (set point) and activates the final control device. The final control device alters the dependent variable (fan speed) to change the quantity of heat being taken or added to the process [1, 7]. Therefore, an automatic temperature control system has the ability to monitor and control the temperature of a specified space without human intervention based on pre-defined setting by the user of the system. In the case of Nigeria, over exposure to cold due to high-speed fan for long period of time has been an issue especially in the Northern region where harsh temperature is experienced. This has led to several people diagnosed with various kinds of sickness such as pneumonia, rheumatism, frost bite, gastroenteritis, bronchitis, trench foot, hypothermia, cough, seasonal flue, sore throat, cold and catarrh. Loss of electrical energy in DC fan motor operation has also been an issue due to the use of
... The width (W) of each pulse varies between 0 and the period (T) [11,12]. The main principle is control of power by varying the duty cycle [13]. ...
To get rid of the problem of Obscurity to control temperature in industries, a microcontroller based controller has been proposed. A temperature sensor has been used to measure the temperature of the room and the speed of the fan is varied according to the room temperature using pulse width modulation technique.We have used AT89C51 microcontroller kit for interfacing our system. This paper is about controlling various DC fan speed devices using PWM which is working on Radio frequency.Let us take example if we can connect the DC fan at the output then we canswitch on or off of fan at a desiredspeed using the PWM technique and the status of various devices is displayed on LCD.In this paper we are using RF transmission because with the help of IR transmitter there is a problem of directivity and range of working, that problem is eliminated with RF transmission. RF has better directivity and frequency range.
... The width (W) of each pulse varies between 0 and the period (T) [11,12]. The main principle is control of power by varying the duty cycle [13]. ...
In this paper, a new approach of using tri-cascaded H-bridge chopper topology fed dc motor drive is depicted. Main Objective of employing this technique is to reduce torque ripples for all ranges of speeds at a particular switching frequency using pulse width modulation technique. Conventional method of using H-bridge and the proposed technique are analyzed logically and the results of torque variations are presented. Matlab/Simulink is used for the numerical interpretation of the proposed topology and its results are in wide agreement with the analytical predictions.
The problem of regulation for a DC motor with autonomous voltage inverter is discussed. The considered control system consists of two feedback loops. In the first one, the armature current control for a DC motor is provided by means of pulse-width modulated control of such autonomous voltage inverter as the H-bridge. In the second one, DC motor speed control is maintained. Proportional-integral (PI) controllers are designed for armature current and motor speed control based on singular perturbation technique such that multi-time-scale motions are artificially induced in the closed-loop system. Multi-time-scale motions analysis allows getting analytical expressions for selection of controller parameters. Simulation results are presented as well.
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