Uma nobreza não muito regional. O papel político e social dos infanções de Astorga na primeira metade do século XI (1028-1065)

Abstract

Documents show several moments of instability in the western lands of the Kingdom of León after the death of Alfonso V, particularly in the interval that preceded the consecration of his son as the future Vermudo III. However, some of these episodes had been in the making for some time as a result of the actions of various social actors, including certain members of comital families like Rodrigo Romaniz, and certain infanzones terrae to which the same documents refer, including Ecta Rapínatiz and Ero Salítiz. The members of the local nobility analysed here are characterized by the authority they wield in areas of influence — they frequent the company of comital nobility — by the mobility of their political action and for leading many and varied episodes that constituted an attack on the property of others, especially the clergy. The accession to the throne of Fernando I was to bring some sense of social order to the lands of Leon, with the voluntary or enforced return of a number of these properties to the church.

Full text

Uma nobreza não muito regional. O papel político e social dos infanções
de Astorga na primeira metade do século XI (1028-1065)
Jose Alexandre Sousa1


RESUMO: Através da documentação temos conhecimentode vários momentos de ins-
tabilidade nas terras ocidentais do reino leonês depois da morte de Afonso
V, em particular durante o intervalo que antecedeu a sagração do seu
lho como o futuro Vermudo III. Contudo, alguns destes episódios já esta-
riam a medrar em tempos anteriores no seio de diferentes actores sociais,
entre os quais, certos membros de famílias condais, como Rodrigo Roma-
niz, e alguns dos “infanzones terrae” de que nos falam esses mesmo docu-
mentos, como Ecta Rapínatiz y Ero Salítiz.
Estes membros das famílias da nobreza local que aqui escolhemos
analizar e acompanhar caracterizam-se por deterem uma certa autori-
dade nas suas áreas de inuência —sendo mesmo uma companhia fre-
quente no séquito dos membros das famílias condais—, pela mobilidade
da sua actuação política e pelo protagonismo em muitos e variados episó-
dios que atentam contra o património alheio, particularmente clerical. A
chegada ao trono de Fernando I trouxe uma certa ordem social aos diver-
sos territórios do reino, com a devolução voluntária, e em certos casos
forçada, das propriedades entretanto usurpadas.
 Vermudo III; infanções; usurpações; monasteiros;
Ero Salítiz; Astorga.
Una nobleza no muy regional. El papel político y social de los infanzones de Astorga
en la primera mitad del siglo XI (1028-1065)
RESUMEN: A través de la documentación tenemos conocimiento de varios momen-
tos de inestabilidad en las tierras occidentales del reino leonés después
1 
 

Hispania

Revista Hispania_261.indb 11 30/4/19 12:40

12  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
de la muerte de Alfonso V, en particular en el intervalo que antecedió a
la consagración de su hijo como el futuro Vermudo III. Sin embargo,
algunos de estos episodios se estarían gestando desde tiempo atrás por
diferentes actores sociales, a saber, ciertos miembros de familias con-
dales, como Rodrigo Romaniz, y algunos de los infanzones terrae de
que nos hablan esos mismos documentos, como Ecta Rapínatiz y Ero
Salítiz.
Estos miembros de las familias de la nobleza local que aquí elegimos
analizar se caracterizan por la detentación de la autoridad en sus áreas
de inuencia —siendo una compañía frecuente de los miembros de las
familias condales—, por la movilidad de su actuación política y por pro-
tagonizar muchos y variados episodios que atentan contra el patrimonio
ajeno, especialmente clerical. La llegada al trono leonés de Fernando I
traerá cierto orden social a las tierras del reino, con la devolución, volun-
taria o forzosa, de varias de estas propiedades a la iglesia.
 Vermudo III; infanzones; usurpaciones; monaste-
rios; Ero Salítiz; Astorga.
A not very regional nobility. The political and social role of the local Astorga aristoc-

ABSTRACT: Documents show several moments of instability in the western lands of
the Kingdom of León after the death of Alfonso V, particularly in the
interval that preceded the consecration of his son as the future Vermudo
III. However, some of these episodes had been in the making for some
time as a result of the actions of various social actors, including certain
members of comital families like Rodrigo Romaniz, and certain infan-
zones terrae to which the same documents refer, including Ecta Rapína-
tiz and Ero Salítiz.
The members of the local nobility analysed here are characterized by
the authority they wield in areas of inuence — they frequent the company
of comital nobility — by the mobility of their political action and for lead-
ing many and varied episodes that constituted an attack on the property of
others, especially the clergy.
The accession to the throne of Fernando I was to bring some sense of
social order to the lands of Leon, with the voluntary or enforced return of
a number of these properties to the church.
 Vermudo III; local aristocracy; land takeover; monas-
teries; Ero Salítiz; Astorga.
CÓMO CITAR ESTE ARTÍCULO/CITATION: 

Hispania

Revista Hispania_261.indb 12 30/4/19 12:40

  13
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
 

astur-leonês, a efetividade do poder real, particularmente em momentos de
instabilidade ou rutura, assume uma forma orgânica e pouco uniforme em
termos territoriais, variando entre uma relativa representatividade baseada
no seu berço físico e político e a pretensão reivindicativa sobre as demais
-
-
cer a percepção vigente no entorno do cartório onde a mesma teria sido


      
fruto das circunstâncias políticas então vividas, é a titulação de Fernando e
  
Setembro de 1037, como se observa em alguns documentos emanados de cen-
tros eclesiásticos localizados nas terras orientais do reino2.
Em contraste com a prova documental, a narrativa presente na História
Legionensis  Silense) apresenta-nos Fernando somente a ser entroni-
Era MLXXVI, X kalendas Iulii consa-
cratus dominus Fredinandus in ecclesia beate Marie Legionensis, et unctus in
regem…3postestas 
      
vitória em Tamarón4.
          

-
tica e social levará um certo tempo a acamar a nova dinâmica política, com um
-
tia somente em Fevereiro de 1042-


alphatenas entre os
   

2  
BECERRO GALICANO…,  

3 HISTORIA SILENSE,
4 
 PORTUGALIA MONUMENTA HISTORICA…
Revista Hispania_261.indb 13 30/4/19 12:40

14  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
-
-

das famílias da aristocracia local desta região central entre as terras leonesas e
   

-
          




Esta nobreza local, em virtude do seu aparente restrito raio de acção, mos-
tra-se na documentação por nós analisada uma ampla mobilidade, acompa-
         
especialmente, revestindo-se de uma mobilidade per se, demonstrando uma
-

-


análise dos principais acontecimentos políticos vividos nesta região, nunca
 

 

       

mesmo ambiente protagonizados por elementos da aristocracia condal ou com

           

instrumentos notariais os relatassem para a posterioridade. Num documento
           
Post mortem (...) regis surrexerunt in regnum suum viri peruersi veritatem
ignorantes et exterminauerunt atque vitiauerunt hereditates ecclesiae...6 e,
6 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 14 30/4/19 12:40

  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001

Post mortem ipsius domni Adefonsi in illa terra alfetana multa7.

8
9, e posteriormente a do próprio rei, vira parte do seu patrimó-
nio ser alvo de arresto10-



    



num pleito contra essa mesma instância religiosa pela posse de uns servos a 2
de Novembro de 103811.



12    
mencionados, uma estreita relação política entre este magnate e a região
lucense. Num determinado momento, mas seguramente antes da supressão
  
protecção de outro nobre galego, o conde Rodrigo Romaniz13. Este conde, por
sua vez, culmina com uma rebelião activa o seu aparente antagonismo contra

contingentes orientais14.
7 
8 

  

9 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14  

  barones
Galletie»
gascones», vindos do mar,

Revista Hispania_261.indb 15 30/4/19 12:40

16  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
-
      
(suprinus ipsius Suarius Gundemarit), e leal servidor da coroa anterior, a pro-
-

-


de 1029. Alguns autores16
 uascones Galletie

-
-

-
-

      17  -
18, apresenta-nos uma visão mais conciliadora e

intermédio da sua irmã visava a estabilização social (tutela?) nos turbulentos

de uma guarnição militar no alpe uocitato Lapio-
    
precisamente Rodrigo Romaniz19.

... Regnante rege Sanctio
in Pampilonia et in Ceia...
Novembro de 103320, bem como, nas fontes narrativas, como uma notícia con-
tida nos Annales Castellani RecentioresIn era Mª LXXª II (a. 1034) presit
Sancius rex Astorga»21        
           
 
16 

17 
18 
19 
-
veniência.
20 
21 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 16 30/4/19 12:40

  17
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
documental abordada por Isla Frez22-
-
23




Igualmente nesse ano, mas em momento incerto, um documento da catedral
deles

-
   24. Na
-

protecção das suas propriedades, o respeito pela autonomia da sua potestas
dentro da respectiva cidade e castelo. E como se disse, numa época de forte
   
1027, parte dos registos da própria Sé foram destruídos num incêndio26, não

-
 

A originalidade deste documento radica precisamente nesta aparente simbiose
entre o rei e estes nobres, pois, o papel de defensor 
 
sobre o património eclesiástico.
nibus Gallecie e zona de contacto com a
          

      
22        
   -

diferentes monarcas. Por serem maioritariamente cópias tardias, esses registos poderão encon-
trar-se adulterados à posteriori aos acontecimentos neles relatados, principalmente em relação
potestas-
      

23 
24 
 
26 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 17 30/4/19 12:40

18  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
comite maior

-
sa-nos a nós, observadores distantes de tais vicissitudes, mais impacto e espanto
     
Era 1046, 2ª nonas octobris
occisus fuit comes Menendus27

28, a sua simplicidade
somente nos transmite o modo violento como a mesma fora praticada por ter-
-
         

Em anos sucessivos, ou com uma periodicidade bastante assombrosa, ban-

29
autoridades leonesas no sentido de conter e debelar tal insegurança, como
observamos na morte do conde portucalense Alvito Nunes em Setembro de
-
moim30
nesta costa ocidental do reino, as mesmas, de acordo com as variadas fontes

e política destas paragens. Para além dos resgates pagos por familiares dos cati-

         

em 102431.
por-
tucalensis          
27 
28 

pois nada neles, nem na Chronica Gothorum, alguma vez mencionam estes piratas nórdicos


29 Para uma leitura global e recente sobre a presença dos povos do Norte europeu nas cos-
        
Incursões Nórdicas no Ocidente Ibérico (844-1147): Fontes, História e Vestígios, dissertação


30 
31 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 18 30/4/19 12:40

  19
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
magnus comes, vindo este a falecer poucos anos depois em 102832. No decurso
da sua morte os destinos da administração do condado serão entregues ao seu

Ilduara assumirá os destinos do condado33. Será, então, neste interregno de
-
-

em Novembro de 103434.
Igualmente nesse mesmo ano de 1034, e de forma recorrentemente sumária,
. Nada
sabemos sobre a respectiva identidade patronímica, no entanto, alguns auto-
res36       
-
           
variados documentos onde o mesmo consta após essa data37-
38. comes
Menendus  39, no entanto, e adensando as muitas


correspondência do rio Guetanie-
nia40, local onde esse conde perecera, estaria algo distante da sua área de
…
ille comes menendus luci qui illa terra inperabat41, ressalvando o facto de
uma das principais características da nobreza condal seria precisamente a



         
32 


33 PORTUGALIA MONUMENTA HISTORICA…
34 
 
36         

37 PORTUGALIA MONUMENTA HISTORICA…
38 PORTUGALIA MONUMENTA HISTORICA…
39 
40 
   -

41 PORTUGALIA MONUMENTA HISTORICA…, 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 19 30/4/19 12:40

20  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001


    -
mente com os tais infanzones terrae
Janeiro de 104642.
 
     
principais condes e magnates destas terras ocidentais para todo este clima de
insegurança e de perturbação social, os membros de uma aristocracia mais
 
demonstrar toda a sua capacidade, onde os seus desmandos invocam, por vezes,
a presença directa ou indirecta do monarca no sentido de posteriormente os
solucionar e apaziguar.

-

-
mado nas diferentes autoridades regionais, especialmente nos momentos de
maior tensão.
Em Astorga, o seu bispo, particularmente Jimeno (992-1026), desempe-


Tunc dixit ille epíscopo ad eam qui potestatem acceperit a rege dare uerita-
tem inter eos43, atestando, de certo modo, a sua relevância social. Jimeno pro-
vavelmente seria assassinado no decorrer do ano de 102644, em circunstâncias
  .
Seguir-se-á um interregno e um vazio da potestas em toda esta circunscrição,
-
cais protagonizados por membros da aristocracia local e ampliados igualmente
pela morte do rei em Agosto de 1028.
42 
43 -
dir a um pleito pela posse de uma propriedade.
44 
 -
... monasterios devastavi, rebus sancte ecclesia contempni et insu-
per magnum magna cogitavi ut dominum meum atque ponticem morti traderem... 

Revista Hispania_261.indb 20 30/4/19 12:40

  21
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
3.1. Ecta Rapinátiz
 

46. Apesar de uma eventual origem
familiar leonesa47         

(992-1026)4849, da

-
-
    , em pleno interregno
dinástico.
Sobre o momento do seu falecimento não temos notícia sólida, somente uma
Pro-
ter quod unusquisque ipsorum unus inter alios gladio se trucidauerint, no
    
-

      
efectuarem em prol da sua alma a redacção de uma carta de ingenuidade a favor
-
mantes da mesma, certamente em sinal de apresso pela família, alguns dos nobres
46 
-


                

       -
  

47 


   

família, apprehenderunt omnes scripturas, e cremaverunt eas.
48 
49 
     
nomen
sobrenomen.
 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 21 30/4/19 12:40

22  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001

Rodrigues-
       


       , encontramos

     

  



-
-
. Nesse mesmo
ano e igualmente numa escritura do mesmo mosteiro, encontramos Rapinato


seu irmão Flaíno, bem como, por um composto grupo dos principais nobres do

  
villa-

alguns infanzones terrae-
bro de 104960    

-
-

      -
curso mais abrangente de Ero Salídiz.
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
60 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 22 30/4/19 12:40

  23
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001


-
-
            


(palatio nostro delissimun saionem nostrum-
 
Matantia em virtude das vicissitudes nela ocorridas, onde o mesmo
Berino encontra a morte61, será de novo incorporada no património fundiário
da Sé de Astorga.

-

        in loco  
régios, como vimos, outras vezes, por livre iniciativa62
-
-
            

63, ante a presença real,

           

64

         


seu conluio familiar.

         
61 
62 Temos de nos resguardar da amplitude deste conceito, pois nada na documentação auto-
-
zada pela nova dinastia terá um peso acrescido na percepção da autoridade nos diversos

63  -
      

64 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 23 30/4/19 12:40

24  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
-
nostri criminis expauescimus



66. Finalmente, e

-


de Tera, entre outras propriedades e privilégios67.
-

-
-

-
rada no património da família de Fernando Flaínez mediante uma permuta
-

68. Apesar do nosso
       

3.2. Ero Salídiz
  
Ecta Rapinátiz69, encontramos mais um provável membro dos tais infanzones
 -

com o seu original contido no Tumbo Negro           

              

66 
67 
68 Indice de las escrituras de la S. Iglesia de Astorga dentro y fuera de los tumbos (Tumbo
Negro de Astorga)
69     
            

Revista Hispania_261.indb 24 30/4/19 12:40

  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
terrae, de nome Ero Salídiz, a aproveitar novamente o interregno dinástico
-

70.
Ao analisarmos a parca documentação disponível, após essa acção, onde


património pessoal centrado nesse mosteiro e nessa região aparentemente dis-
-
tintos71
ao referido mosteiro uma ampla doação fundiária de propriedades concentra-
das na região do Bierzo72, embora arrendadas a terceiros73. Apesar desta apro-
  

continuaria a ser assegurada maioritariamente por abadessas74
uma aparente normalidade na sua vida, tanto secular, como monástica, demons-

cenóbio e esta região.

        
-



de membros da família Flaínez, concretamente, mas não só, de Pedro e do seu
-



70 
71 Estamos limitados na abrangência desta nossa sugestão em virtude de somente possuir-

eventual teor dos mesmos, pois, para além da serem ambos cronologicamente idênticos, enun-
       

72 
73 
74 Na documentação da catedral de Astorga podemos encontrar várias religiosas a desem-


-
suara nesse mesmo ano.
Revista Hispania_261.indb 25 30/4/19 12:40

26  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
-
reiro de 1022, na região astur
    

           
-
-
 
permuta de propriedades entre o rei de então e o conde Piniolo Jiménez com
     
João Baptista de Córias76
  
num ano de forte pressão política77.
-


-

78 A dita propriedade seria então

  79 
80. Emprestam a sua assinatura,
-




  81   
 
76 
77... In ripa de Selia, castro de Buraone, in Maliaio, castro de Sancta Maria, castro de
Lugas, castro de Aquilare, castro de Souerrone, castro de Forte in plano, castro de la Isla...

            



do reino leonês.
78 
79Et alia terra per termino de Abdela Romanez...-

80 
81 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 26 30/4/19 12:40

  27
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
-

 
-

de 1039, onde o mesmo irá conceder ao referido mosteiro propriedades localiza-
das no Ualle de Palaciolo82. Esta carta reveste-se de uma certa importância,



   
83 sobre propriedades localizadas no citado
Ualle de Palaciolo-
vador de Palazuelo84, se encontram como
-


86.




uilla Tirso e a uilla
Mauzale87-

de 103388 89, Astorga desde Setembro desse mesmo
ano9091
82 
83 

Cea, como a Eglesia Alua, cum suos palazios, suos omines et suas ereditates.
84 
      

               
    

86 
87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 27 30/4/19 12:40

28  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001

-
nência do seu relevo social. Após alguns anos de ausência documental, e nova-
92, elementos
-
-
persos por toda a comarca de Astorga, levada a efeito pela condessa Teresa
93.


           

94. Neste documento, para além da localização bastante fragmen-
   
Esla, podemos constatar, até de forma bastante curiosa, a presença dos mem-
    


com presença assídua na documentação da catedral de Astorga, entre outros
-



-
cale, respectivamente, Cipriano e Sisnando96

tendo em conta a ampla descrição da sua envolvente familiar não conseguimos
  
92 
93 -

incartavit mihi Rex meus Beremudus
comite in terra Bergidensium é sig-
-

relevo a dar ao engrandecimento patrimonial da Sé de Astorga, principal veículo de contra-po-

94 
 

96 


Revista Hispania_261.indb 28 30/4/19 12:40

  29
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
social deste membro da aristocracia, no entanto, a localização das propriedades
fornecida pelo documento e a forma como algumas delas se foram incorpo-
rando no património familiar, fornecem-nos algumas pistas sobre a sua rele-
     
-
    
Cureño, Porma e Esla97

98.
 
 -
-
          
    
         

 99
onde o mesmo se situaria, a uilla vocabulo Toreno pertenceriam ao mosteiro de


100 e

    
usurpação da casa clerical e pede perdão101-

             
102.
3.3. Pelágio Danieliz
         

97 
98 
99 
100... vocem obtinentes de Monio Gemeniz, Roderico Osoriz et Didaco Moniz et Monio
Pelagiz et Neptano Eriz...-

membros das famílias de Ecta Rapinátiz e Ero Salídiz.
101 
102 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 29 30/4/19 12:40

30  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
-
-

-



Salídiz, no entanto, e ao contrário destes, a acção em si não obteve o sucesso


103.




-
tro de Camarzana, e efectuada em data incerta104
parcialmente transmitida é parca para concluirmos sobre os patrocinadores de
tal refundação, no entanto, e de acordo com os alguns documentos da catedral

  
para outros cenóbios. Apesar de emprestar essa generosidade, este aristo-
crata irá disputar com o seu abade e restante comunidade um pleito interme-

106. Esta villa de Celadilla,


mesma estaria na sua posse, em virtude de uma doação efectuada por Afonso
       
103 
104 
colectânea documental, transcrita certamente do Índice das escrituras da catedral de Astorga,

-
             
   

-

-

 
106 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 30 30/4/19 12:40

  31
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
-
             
esposa Xambila107.
Não possuímos os documentos originais, nem cópias credíveis dos mesmos,


observámos, podemos depreender sobre a possível fragmentação dos titulares
villa de Celadilla.
 Gallecia
Reorientando a nossa análise para poente, neste caso, para a região de
   -
mente não tão dramática, a mesma interrupção na potestas
    
-
... sine iussia patroni et
sine caracteres et sine precio dato...108, procurando posteriormente, a 13 em
     
-
-

-
         
109.
-
sivos episódios de violência registados documentalmente por estes dias, em



-
-
     110. A dimensão, o

107 
108 
109 
110 uillam de Aociouillam de Sal-
nes (Pontevedra) e monasterium de Ranariz  

Revista Hispania_261.indb 31 30/4/19 12:40

32 
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
… occiserunt homines, fecerunt rapinas
multas…111   
          

compensação pelos danos causados.
      
  
 112,

eventualmente considerar proporcional aos desmandos perpetrados pela famí-

-
 113, pois nelas encontram-se
         
garantem a rentabilidade dessas terras. Isto remete-nos, apesar da escassez
documental, para uma certa relevância social de Sisnando (Sisnandus, lius
Galiariz et neptus Menentii-
     
familiar.

territorio Portucalensis e observar a



-

Assim, e entrando na zona de contacto com as terras do Islão, neste caso, a
-

-
cas em relação ao poder central leonês, por parte dos condes de Coimbra, um
         
autonomização da sua potestas


111 
112   Sanctum Micahelem de Barcala    

113        


Revista Hispania_261.indb 32 30/4/19 12:40

  33
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
  

 114
-
        ,
membro da aristocracia local, com amplas propriedades localizadas entre os
116. Será a docu-

in diebus domno adefonso
rex quando sedia in monte maiore de manu de ille rex… comes menendo
luci qui illa terra inperaba sub gratia de ille rex domno adefonso...117.


118, sem
-


    
uir illustris et magne potentie
in toto Portugali119
         
          
 
passaram, nomeadamente a dos condes de Portucale, a sua aceitação insere-se
num ambiente mais lato de uma crescente e rápida autonomização, respaldadas
pela nova dinastia, dos membros destas famílias de natureza local.


   

120 e em Setembro de 1062,
-
121. Julgamos, no entanto,
-
114 PORTUGALIA MONUMENTA HISTORICA…
 
116 PORTUGALIA MONUMENTA HISTORICA…334.
117 PORTUGALIA MONUMENTA HISTORICA…
118 
119 
120 PORTUGALIA MONUMENTA HISTORICA…
121 LIBER FIDEI
Revista Hispania_261.indb 33 30/4/19 12:40

34  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
        
         
... illos infançones que erant in portugale Gomez eychiguiz, Men
gunsaluiz et Gudio ueegas...122.
         



pela posse de várias propriedades nos arredores de Braga123
124 ou,
         

.



e -
cado pela instabilidade, terminou, ou pelo menos consolidou-se uma relativa
estabilização ao nível da potestas
-
tório português126. 
    

-
In ista era
LXL I leuauit episcubo domno Crisconio ad illo infante domno Garcia ad
Galletia127. 
-
          
        


A presença do infante em terras galegas comporta, a nosso ver, duas impli-
Gallecia
         
122 PORTUGALIA MONUMENTA HISTORICA…
123 
124 LIBER FIDEI
 PORTUGALIA MONUMENTA HISTORICA…
126 PORTUGALIA MONUMENTA HISTORICA…
127 
Revista Hispania_261.indb 34 30/4/19 12:40

  
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
   128.
comitissa
família a 19 Agosto de 1061129-
-

, «… Fredinandus rex, col-
lecto a nibus Gallecie immenso exercitu...130.
 
-




-


         




    
desorganização da ordem estabelecida, como a estagnação dos avanços na direc-
    
128 
129 … Odrocia comitissa… reuellauit nobis cum lia
sua Giloira et cum nepus suum comitem Monnium Ruderici in nostros castellos Monte Roso,
Grainilio, Alua de Buuale et Nouula, seditiones et scandalum mittens in terra Galletie…
130 HISTORIA SILENSE-
… cum Fredinandi regis milites noctu desuper immi-
nentem preoccupant collem       
collecto a nibus Gallecie immenso exercitu»

  
deles seus, como,

-
              

armiger Pedro Peláez.
Revista Hispania_261.indb 35 30/4/19 12:40

36 
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001

tendência régia para a protecção de mosteiros e demais propriedades clericais,
infaziones
terrae
-
   



certa maneira, o comportamento tradicional dos membros das famílias condais,
-
    
  

e social per se

-
ras leonesas e galegas, principalmente nestes tempos tão delicados.
 

       
infaziones terrae
-
damente nas terras portuguesas.

     
Revista de Guimarães
O Tombo de Celanova: Estudio Introductorio, Edi-
ción e Índices (ss. IX-XII), Santiago de Compostela, Consello da Cultura Galega,

Cartulario de San Juan de La Peña
vol. II.

Revista Portuguesa de História,

Baliñas Peres, Carlos, Defensores e traditores: um modelo de relación entre poder
monárquico e oligarquia na Galicia altomedieval (718-1037), Santiago de Compos-

 
Castilla y el Mundo Feudal, vol. II,
Revista Hispania_261.indb 36 30/4/19 12:40

  37
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
Homenaje al professor Julio Valdeón-

Becerro Galicano de San Millán de la Cogolla

Colección Diplomática de Fernando I (1037-1065)-

El conde Suero Vermúdez, su parentela y su entorno social. La
Aristocracia Asturleonesa em los siglos XI y XII
-
      Tierras de León. Revista de la Diputación Provincial

Colección Documental
de la Catedral de Astorga, vol. 1 (646-1126),-

Études historiques sur la Galice et le Portugal du VI au XII siècle-

          
Sémata. Ciencias
Sociais e Humanidades

  Um Poder
entre Poderes nos 900 anos da Restauração da Diocese do Porto e da Construção
do Cabido Portucalense
-
León y su Historia. Miscelánea Histórica
Colección Documen-
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História de Portugal-

          
Brigecio.
Revista de Estudios de Benavente y sus Tierras
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
-
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cos de la Diócesis de Mondoñedo-Ferrol
El Tumbo de San Julian de Samos (siglos VIII-XII), Santiago

Tumbo A de la Catedral de Santiago, Santiago, Seminario de

Annales Castellani Antiquiores Annales Castellani
Antiquiores y Annales Castellani RecentioresTerr i-
torio, Sociedad y Poder. Revista de estudios medievales, 
   Sancho III, el Mayor. Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus,

Le Monachisme ibérique et Cluny. Les monastères du diocese de Porto
de l`na mille à 1200
A Nobreza Medie-
val Portuguesa. A Família e o Poder
            A
Nobreza Medieval Portuguesa. A Família e o Poder

  Ricos-Homens, Infanções e cavaleiros. A nobreza medieval portu-
guesa nos séculos XI e XII
   Colección Diplomática del Monasterio de Sahagún, vol. I
(Siglos IX y X)

  
Historia. Instituiciones. Documentos       

  potestas publica en el reino asturleo-
   
(coords.), Clientelismo, parentesco y cultura jurisdicional em las sociedades preca-
pitalistas
-
   Bulletin du centre d`études
médiévales d`Auxerre/BUCEMA 
Portugalia Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartae-

Revista Hispania_261.indb 38 30/4/19 12:40

  39
Hispania, 2019, vol. LXXIX, nº 261, enero-abril, págs. 11-39, ISSN: 0018-2141, e-ISSN: 1988-8368
http s://doi .org/10.3989/hispan ia .2019.001
      El Obispado de Astorga en los siglos IX y X, Astorga,

ScriptoriumAnuario de
Estudios Medievales
   Tumbo Viejo de San Pedro de Montes 

Rey Caíña, José Angel, Colección Diplomatica de Ferreira de Pallares, Granada,

Espana Sagrada, Tomo XL, «Antiguedades de la Ciudad y Sta. Iglesia
de Lugo»

Archivos Leoneses. Revista de Estudios y Documentación de los Reinos Hispanos
Occidentales

El Reino de León en la Alta Edad Media

Archivos Leo-
neses. Revista de estudios y documentación de los reinos Hispano-Occidentales,

   Colección Documental del Archivo de la Catedral de
León, vol. III (986-1031)
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Colección Documental del Monasterio
de San Pedro de Eslonza, vol. 1 (912-1300)-

           
Viejos y Nuevos Estudios sobre las Instituciones Medievales Españolas,

Hispa-
nia. Revista española de historia
 Castilla y León en el siglo XI. Estudio del Reinado de
Fernando I-
ria, 1999.

Asturiensia Medievalia,

Cartulario de San Pedro de Arlanza



Revista Hispania_261.indb 39 30/4/19 12:40