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When a Merperson is a Merman
Abstract
Currently, to support gender inclusive codepoints (for example, gender inclusive can be defined as male/female to an equal degree, can neither be confidently identified as male/female, etc.) all major platforms default to a male or a female design. So, if someone were to send a text to their friend from a Microsoft device, “Love a good mansplain 1F925” their friend, if reading from an iPhone will see, “Love a good mansplain 1F926” even though both of these emojis map to U+1F926. This creates all kinds of cross platform inconsistencies and in some cases reinforces stereotypes.1
... As an issue of social openness, this has a number of consequences such as a loss of opportunity to enrich communication and represent new ideas, but also the exclusion of certain social groups, such as minorities or collectives who experience discrimination (Daniel, 2019;Williams, 2019). Those who argue that limiting and standardizing the images in repositories facilitates communicative processes are accused of ignoring cultural differences and simplifying communication in order to better serve corporate interests, such as the analysis of consumers' tastes and preferences in a global marketplace. ...
... The political use of emojis on social media has been examined by various authors in terms of gender (Chen et al., 2018;Daniel, 2019), the inclusion of underrepresented and invisibilised collectives (Swartz et al., 2020), ethnicity (Williams, 2019), sexual orientation (Tang, 2017), religion , and socioeconomic status (Puente et al., 2021). These studies show that, when possible, users express social identities and political views through emoji use, reflecting diversity and visibilising discrimination and inequality. ...
... As expect, the results, presented in Table 3, also show very clear differences in research focuses across each field. Social science publications span various themes, addressing political, social, and identitary issues, including representation and race (Miltner, 2020;Williams, 2019), hate speech Pereira-Kohatsu et al., 2019), gender inequality (Daniel, 2019), imaginaries and political perception of governments (Parkwell, 2019), and regional policy (Liebeskind & Liebeskind, 2019). Secondly, many articles (26.3%) focus on the evaluations of opinions and attitudes towards particular products or news stories on the basis of automated analysis of large caches of social network data. ...
This systematic literature review analyses trends in original research on emoji use in computer-mediated communications (CMC) published between 2011 to 2021. In total, 823 articles were identified that met the search criteria. The mixed-method approach included qualitative coding of articles and frequency analysis by year, impact quartile, research topic and multidisciplinarity, as well as a cluster analysis to examine trends in sociopolitical research. The results show that Computer Science, Communications and Social Sciences disciplines accounted for largest proportion of original research on emojis and CMC in the time period analysed and that the degree of scientific impact increased significantly across the time series. In recent years, sociopolitical research has had higher than average growth and can be clustered into various groups based on two broad objects of study: “culture-identity” and “social exclusion”. The study also identified significant knowledge gaps, particularly in relation to emoji standardization and its sociopolitical implications. Overall, multidisciplinary approaches are epistemologically constrained, Spanish-language production is low, and there is an almost complete absence of context appropriate methodologies. The study concludes that there is a need to for more sociopolitical research on emoji use in CMC and multidisciplinary approaches, a shift away from the hegemony of Anglocentrism, and greater questioning of the structural influences of standardization process on questions of cultural, identity and social exclusion.
... The gender, color, similar function, and similar appearance can cause a sense of unfairness and inequality. Gender equality and diversity in emojis [19] are expected by both women and men. Women make claims for the female skier and the woman-in-a-tuxedo emojis, whereas men want male-holding-a-baby and pregnant man emojis. ...
As emojis become prevalent in personal communications, people are always looking for new, interesting emojis to express emotions, show attitudes, or simply visualize texts. In this study, we collected more than 30 million tweets mentioning the word emoji in a 1-year period to study emoji requests on Twitter. First, we filtered out bot-generated tweets and extracted emoji requests from the raw tweets using a comprehensive list of linguistic patterns. To our surprise, some extant emojis, such as fire 🔥 and hijab 🧕, were still frequently requested by many users. A large number of non-existing emojis were also requested, which were classified into one of eight emoji categories by Unicode Standard. We then examined patterns of new emoji requests by exploring their time, location, and context. Eagerness and frustration of not having these emojis were evidenced by our sentiment analysis, and we summarize users’ advocacy channels. Focusing on typical patterns of co-mentioned emojis, we also identified expressions of equity, diversity, and fairness issues due to unreleased but expected emojis, and we summarized the significance of new emojis on society. Finally, time-continuity-sensitive strategies at multiple time granularity levels were proposed to rank petitioned emojis by the eagerness, and a real-time monitoring system to track new emoji requests was implemented. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed tracking system is the first to rank the new desired emojis on a large scale and in a real-time manner. Website: www.call4emoji.org
Proposal for Fully Gender-Inclusive Emoji
- Charlotte Buff
Charlotte Buff. 2017. Proposal for Fully Gender-Inclusive Emoji. (2017).
Proposal to enable gender inclusive emoji representation
- Paul D Hunt
Paul D. Hunt (2016). Proposal to enable gender inclusive emoji representation, Unicode.
https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16317-gender-inclusive-emoji.pdf
Gender Emoji Strategy
- Mark Davis
- Jeremy Burge
- Esc
Mark Davis, Jeremy Burge, ESC (2018). Gender Emoji Strategy.
https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18022-emoji-gender.pdf
Charlotte Buff. 2017. Proposal for Fully Gender-Inclusive Emoji
- Charlotte Buff