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Comparing the Immunity of Genetically and Non-Genetically Modified Rice regarding the Possibility of Gene Transferring to Blood of a Laboratory Animal
Abstract
Introduction: Genetically modified plant species are produced by the genetic engineering of agricultural science and the addition of specific genes in their genetic sequences with the aim of optimizing the product and creating desirable traits. This study examined the remains of Cry1A(b) and P35 genes in blood of rats fed with genetically modified rice. Methods: This experimental and interventional study was conducted on male and female rats Sprague Dawley (SD), which were divided into treatment and control groups according to the type of food received. Each group consisted of 10 rats (5 male and 5 female); the first group consumed 50 percent of the genetically modified rice and the second group consumed 50percent of non- genetically modified rice from the total needed carbohydrate. Blood sampling and DNA extraction were conducted after 90 days of feeding rats with nutritional pattern using a kit. Quantitative and qualitative tests were carried out on the extracted DNA using agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry, respectively. Results: Agarose gel electrophoresis was used and the results showed no transgenic genes in the studied blood samples. Conclusion: The results showed no significant difference between the the treatment and control rats with regard to the presence of transgenic genes of p35 and Cry1A(b). Therefore, the possibility of gene transfer to the organs of rats consuming genetically modified rice was rejected. Results of this study showed no difference between the safety of genetically-modified and non- modified rice with regard to gen transferring.
Recently, there has been a development in transgenic technologies in many countries to meet nutritional needs of increasing worlds҆ population. However, there are some concerns about possible risks in the field of growing genetically modified (GM) food, such as threats of biodiversity and food allergies making their use a challenge. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the economic effects and political scopes of GM foods in production sector and policies made by different countries in the world and Iran. Moreover, essential (practical and legal) solutions and guidelines were provided for production and consumption of GM foods, which are useful for governmental entities, Iranian politicians, and consumers' rights. The latest situation of transgenic crops in the countries with which Iran has the highest exchange of agricultural products (including Turkey, Pakistan, and the European Union (EU)) was also studied. Although, Iran has been one of leading Asian countries not only in the field of transfer of technical knowledge of genetic engineering, but also in development of the specialized knowledge of biosafety, and despite production of several transgenic plant lines by Iranian researchers, unfortunately no GM crop has obtained release and cultivation license except for GM rice that its growing process was banned after change of government. According to findings of this study, in Iran, growing and production process of GM crops does not follow the global trend owing to scientific and legal infrastructures.
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