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All content in this area was uploaded by Martin Ebner on May 12, 2019
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Emerging(Trends(in(Learning(Analytics8'93)43+&'K)343",#+435'L"),,'M'N3+138'4()5'2%%.15OO4()8("*O@?8@@PQOARSA??TQAA>RQU?@T'
Learning Analytics Cockpit for MOOC-platforms
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F(+E3.%1'#+4'D..,)E#%)(+1')+'<4/E#%)(+'
Karin Maier
Educational Technology
Graz University of Technology, Münzgrabenstraße 35a, 8010 Graz, Austria – Europe
karin.maier@student.tugraz.at
Philipp Leitner
Educational Technology
Graz University of Technology, Münzgrabenstraße 35a, 8010 Graz, Austria – Europe
philipp.leitner@tugraz.at
Martin Ebner
Educational Technology
Graz University of Technology, Münzgrabenstraße 35a, 8010 Graz, Austria – Europe
martin.ebner@tugraz.at
Abstract
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#4I)+)1%"#%("1'#+4'"313#"E23"18'V23"3$("3&')%')1'431)*+34')+'#'I(4/,#"&'2)*2,-'E(+$)*/"#0,3'#+4'
E/1%(I)[#0,3'Z#-'%('3+1/"3'$/%/"3'3^%3+1)0),)%-8'J%'E#+'03'1%"(+*,-'E#"")34'(/%'%2#%'E/1%(I)[#%)(+')1'
)+%3*"#,'%('433.3+'%23'/+43"1%#+4)+*'($'93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E'%((,1'#+4'"3."313+%34'I3%")E1&'%('3+2#+E3'
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Keywords:'93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1&'6#11)X3'H.3+'H+,)+3'F(/"131&'F(EG.)%&'`)1/#,)[#%)(+'
Introduction
!#%#'6)+)+*'2#1'03E(I3'#+'(I+)."313+%'E(+E3.%'#+4')%'133I1'3X3"-'"313#"E2'$)3,4'03+3$)%1'$"(I'%23'
#..,)E#%)(+'($')%1'#,*(")%2I1'#+4'%((,18'V23'$)3,4'($'34/E#%)(+')1'+('3^E3.%)(+'23"38'V23'/0)a/)%(/1'
,3#"+)+*'3+X)"(+I3+%&'E(I./%3"1&'I(0),3'43X)E31&',3#"+)+*'I#+#*3I3+%'1-1%3I1'=96NB&'#+-'E,(/4'
1-1%3I'b'%23-'#,,'#"3'E(++3E%34'X)#'%23'J+%3"+3%&',3#X3'/1'%23'0-\."(4/E%'($'E#.%/"34&'3^.,)E)%'4#%#'
"#%23"'%2#+'3.23I3"#,')I."311)(+1'($'%23',3#"+)+*'."(E311&'Z2)E2'+3341'$/"%23"'."(E311)+*'#+4'
)+%3"."3%#%)(+8'=N)3I3+1';'9(+*&'>?@@B'
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2)*23"'34/E#%)(+'13E%("8'J+'%2)1')+%3"13E%)(+'($'X#")(/1'#E#43I)E'$)3,41&'$("'3^#I.,3'34/E#%)(+&'
!"#$%&'(")*)+#,,-'./0,)1234')+5'6#)3"&'78&'93)%+3"&':8&';'<0+3"&'68'=>?@AB8'C93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1'F(EG.)%'$("'6HHF':,#%$("I1C8'J+'
Emerging(Trends(in(Learning(Analytics8'93)43+&'K)343",#+435'L"),,'M'N3+138'4()5'2%%.15OO4()8("*O@?8@@PQOARSA??TQAA>RQU?@T'
.1-E2(,(*-&'.34#*(*-&'1%#%)1%)E1&'I#E2)+3',3#"+)+*&'#+4'E(I./%3"'1E)3+E3'#'%3"I'Z#1'E()+345'
93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E18'=!#Z1(+'3%'#,8&'>?@TB'
63+%)(+34'$)"1%')+'%23'd(")[(+'e3.("%'>?@>'=f(2+1(+&'D4#I1';'F/II)+1&'>?@>B&')%')1'X#")(/1,-'
43$)+34'#I(+*1%'(%23"1'#1'g%23'I3#1/"3I3+%&'E(,,3E%)(+&'#+#,-1)1'#+4'"3.("%)+*'($'4#%#'#0(/%'
,3#"+3"1'#+4'%23)"'E(+%3^%1'$("'./".(131'($'/+43"1%#+4)+*'#+4'(.%)I)[)+*',3#"+)+*'#+4'%23'
3+X)"(+I3+%1')+'Z2)E2')%'(EE/"18g'=N)3I3+1&'>?@@B8'H"'h,3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E1')1'#0(/%'E(,,3E%)+*'%"#E31'
%2#%',3#"+3"1',3#X3'032)+4'#+4'/1)+*'%2(13'%"#E31'%(')I."(X3',3#"+)+*g'=!/X#,&'>?@>B8'
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(.%)I)[3',3#"+)+*')%13,$&'#+4'%23',3#"+)+*'3+X)"(+I3+%1')+'Z2)E2',3#"+)+*'(EE/"18'W23"3#1'%23'
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%-.315'e313#"E23"1OD4I)+)1%"#%("1&'93#"+3"1&'#+4'V3#E23"18'<#E2'*"(/.'2#1'%23)"'(Z+'I(%)X#%)(+'#+4'
)+%3"31%'/1)+*',3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E1&'%2(/*2'%2313'#"3'+(%'I/%/#,,-'3^E,/1)X3&'+3)%23"'#"3'%23'03+3$)%1'
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$3340#EG',((.g'=F,(Z&'>?@>B&')1'X3"-')+%/)%)X3'#+4'Z#1'.)EG34'/.'0-'72#,),';'<0+3"'=>?@iB'Z2('
)+%"(4/E34'#',3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E1',)$3'E-E,3&'43.)E%34')+'])*/"3'@8'
!"#$%&'(")*)+#,,-'./0,)1234')+5'6#)3"&'78&'93)%+3"&':8&';'<0+3"&'68'=>?@AB8'C93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1'F(EG.)%'$("'6HHF':,#%$("I1C8'J+'
Emerging(Trends(in(Learning(Analytics8'93)43+&'K)343",#+435'L"),,'M'N3+138'4()5'2%%.15OO4()8("*O@?8@@PQOARSA??TQAA>RQU?@T'
'
])*/"3'@5'93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1'F-E,3'=72#,),';'<0+3"&'>?@iB'
J+'%2)1'E-E,3&'%23',3#"+3"1'."(4/E3'4#%#'Z23+'#E%)+*')+'%23)"',3#"+)+*'3+X)"(+I3+%8'V2)1'
"3."313+%#%)(+'($',3#"+)+*')1'1%("34'#1'I#11)X3'4#%#13%1'#+4'#1'L)*'!#%#8'J+'%23'+3^%'1%3.&'D+#,-%)E1'
#"3'+33434'%(')+%3"."3%'%2313'%"#E31'($',3#"+3"1_'032#X)(/"8'L#134'/.(+'%2(13'"31/,%1')%')1'.(11)0,3'%('
#E%'/.(+'#+4'(.%)I)[3'%23',3#"+)+*'3+X)"(+I3+%8'J+'%23'I)44,3'($'%2)1&'%23'%((,1'$("',3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E1'
#"3'13%8'W23+'%23'*(#,')1'%('431)*+'#+4')I.,3I3+%'#',3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E1'%((,&'+(+3'($'%2(13'#1.3E%1'
E#+'03'+3*,3E%348'
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!"#$%&'(")*)+#,,-'./0,)1234')+5'6#)3"&'78&'93)%+3"&':8&';'<0+3"&'68'=>?@AB8'C93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1'F(EG.)%'$("'6HHF':,#%$("I1C8'J+'
Emerging(Trends(in(Learning(Analytics8'93)43+&'K)343",#+435'L"),,'M'N3+138'4()5'2%%.15OO4()8("*O@?8@@PQOARSA??TQAA>RQU?@T'
W)%2'%2313'*/)43,)+31'#+4',311(+1',3#"+34')+'I)+4'%2)1'"313#"E2'Z("G'#)I1'%('."(X)43'#'."(($\($\
E(+E3.%')I.,3I3+%#%)(+'($'#',3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E1'%((,&'#'93#"+)+*'D+#,-1)1'F(EG.)%'1/013a/3+%,-'E#,,34'
LA(Cockpit8'D+#,-1)+*'%23'#X#),#0,3'4#%#13%1'*3+3"#%34'$"(I'6HHF1'"3a/)"31'%23'43$)+)%)(+'($'
I3%")E18'V2313'43$)+3'%23'E("3'($'%23',3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E1'%((,8']/"%23"&'%23'I3%")E1'#"3'+33434'%('
1%"/E%/"3'%23'#**"3*#%34'4#%#')+%('#'"3."313+%#%)(+'3#1-'/1#0,3'$("'X)1/#,)[#%)(+8'V23')+%3*"#%)(+')+%('
#',3#"+)+*'I#+#*3I3+%'1-1%3I'"3a/)"31'#'E3"%#)+'I(4/,#"'1%"/E%/"3'#1'Z3,,'#1'#',3X3,'($'
E(+$)*/"#0),)%-8'V23'."(%(%-.3'12(/,4'03'3#1),-')+%3*"#%34'#+4'3^%3+4)0,3'$("'$/"%23"'"313#"E28'
Research Design
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431E")03'%23'E(+E3.%&'431)*+&'#+4')I.,3I3+%#%)(+'($'%23'E(EG.)%')+'I("3'43%#),8'D$%3"'%23'$)+#,'
)I.,3I3+%#%)(+&'Z3'(013"X34'%23'/1#*3'%2"(/*2'#4I)+)1%"#%("1'#+4'4)4'1(I3'Z("G12(.1'Z)%2'%23I'
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Concept and Design of the Cockpit
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)6((j'=2%%.15OO)I((^8#%B&'Z2)E2')1'0#134'(+'%23'.(./,#"',3#"+)+*'I#+#*3I3+%'1-1%3I'6((4,3'
=2%%.15OOI((4,38("*OB8'!3")X34'$"(I'4)1E/11)(+1'Z)%2')+X(,X34'1%#G32(,43"1&'#4I)+)1%"#%("1&'#+4'
"313#"E23"1'#4I)+)1%3")+*'%23'6HHF'.,#%$("I&'%23'%((,'12(/,4'%#G3'E#"3'($'4#%#'#**"3*#%)(+&'
,(**)+*&'#+4'."(X)43')+%3"#E%)X3'X)1/#,)[#%)(+1'Z2),1%'1%),,'03'13#I,311,-')+%3*"#0,3')+%('%23'.,#%$("I8'
V23'I(4/,#"'3^.#+4#0),)%-&'2)*2'E(+$)*/"#0),)%-&'#+4'E/1%(I)[#%)(+'(.%)(+1'($'%23'H.3+'N(/"E3'
."(%(%-.3')1'#0,3'%('*/#"#+%33'$/"%23"'/13'#+4'43X3,(.I3+%8'V23"3$("3&'%23'$(,,(Z)+*'$3#%/"31'#"3'
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Concept
V23'LA(Cockpit'."(%(%-.3'12(/,4'03')+%3*"#0,3')+%('%23'6HHF'.,#%$("I'=6((4,3B'#1'3#1),-'#1'
.(11)0,3&'*/#"#+%33)+*'I#)+%#)+#0),)%-'#1'Z3,,'#1'3^%3+4)0),)%-8'L#134'(+'%23'"3a/)"3I3+%1'%23'
."(%(%-.3'2#1'033+'4)X)434')+%('%23'$(,,(Z)+*'I#)+'E(I.(+3+%15'%23'4#%#'#**"3*#%)(+&'I3%")E1'%('
)43+%)$-'%23'G3-'#1.3E%1'($'%23'LA(Cockpit&'#+4'1/013a/3+%,-'%23'X)1/#,)[#%)(+'($'%23'G3-'$)*/"31')+'#'
4#120(#"4',#-(/%8'
@8 !#%#'D**"3*#%)(+5'V23'LA(Cockpit'+3341'%('*#%23"')%1'4#%#13%1'$"(I'%23'.,#%$("I'4#%#0#13_1'
%#0,318'6((4,3'1%("31'#+4'."(c3E%1'%23'/13"'#E%)X)%-'#+4'1-1%3I'3X3+%1')+'4)$$3"3+%'%#0,318'
e3*/,#"'#+4'1E234/,34'4#%#'#**"3*#%)(+'E#+'03'4(+3'Z)%2'6((4,3_1'1E234/,34'%#1G1'Z2)E2'
#"3'3113+%)#,,-'E"(+c(01'"/+'$"(I'%23'96N')+1%#+E3')%13,$8':,/*)+1'E#+'#44'%23)"'(Z+'%#1G1'%('
%2#%&'%23'."(%(%-.3'#441')%1'E"(+c(0'$("'4#),-'4#%#'#**"3*#%)(+8'
>8 63%")E15'V23'."(%(%-.3'$(E/131'(+'#'I)+)I#,'*"(/.'($'1%#G32(,43"1&'+#I3,-'#4I)+)1%"#%("1'
#+4'"313#"E23"18'kd(Z'#E%)X3'#"3'/13"1'(+'%23'.,#%$("Il_'("'kJ1'%23'a/)['/134'#%'#,,l_'\'V2313'
!"#$%&'(")*)+#,,-'./0,)1234')+5'6#)3"&'78&'93)%+3"&':8&';'<0+3"&'68'=>?@AB8'C93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1'F(EG.)%'$("'6HHF':,#%$("I1C8'J+'
Emerging(Trends(in(Learning(Analytics8'93)43+&'K)343",#+435'L"),,'M'N3+138'4()5'2%%.15OO4()8("*O@?8@@PQOARSA??TQAA>RQU?@T'
#+4'1)I),#"'a/31%)(+1'#")13'#+4'E#+'03'#+1Z3"34')+'#'E,3#"'#+4'1)I.,3'Z#-8'V23'I#)+'
I(%)X#%)(+'$("'%23'LA(Cockpit'I3%")E1')1'%('43$)+3'G3-'#1.3E%1'(+'2(Z'%('I3#1/"3'%23'
,3#"+3"1_',3X3,'($'3+*#*3I3+%8'
6(1%'($'%23',3#"+)+*'I#+#*3I3+%'1-1%3I1&')+E,/4)+*'6((4,3&'"3E("4',3#"+3"1_'#E%)X)%)31'0-'
*#%23")+*')+$("I#%)(+'#0(/%'3X3+%1'#+4'1%(")+*'%23I')+'3^2#/1%)X3',(*'%#0,318':"(E311)+*'
%23I')+%('#'2)*23"',3X3,'($'#01%"#E%)(+')I."(X31')+1)*2%')+%('%23',3#"+)+*'."(E3118'=6/+([\
63")+('3%'#,8&'>?@QB8'V23',3#"+3"_1'032#X)(/"'E#+'03'13.#"#%34')+%('4)$$3"3+%'E#%3*(")31'
4)"3E%,-'"3,#%34'%('%23'($$3"34'#E%)X)%)31')+'%23'E(/"131'($'%23'6HHF8'J+'%23'."(%(%-.3&'Z3'
$(E/1'(+'#'*,(0#,'#01%"#E%)(+',3X3,'\'#**"3*#%)+*'G3-'#1.3E%1'.,#%$("I'Z)43'#+4'."(.(13'%2"33'
0#1)E'I3%")E18'
• 6@5'9(*)+1'(X3"'%)I3'
• 6>5'm/)['N%#%)1%)E1'
• 6Q5']("/I':(1%']"3a/3+E-'
V23'4#%#'#**"3*#%)(+'Z),,'2#..3+'4#),-&'3X3+')$'%23'X)1/#,)[#%)(+'I)*2%'."(X)43'#'Z33G,-'%)I3'$"#I38'
H+3'($'%23'"3a/)"3I3+%1'Z#1'"3,)#0),)%-'#+4'Z)%2'4#),-'#**"3*#%)(+'#1'E"(+c(0'Z3'E#+'*/#"#+%33'#+'
3$$)E)3+%'#+4'43%#),34',(**)+*'."(E3118'!)1%)+E%'/13"')+$("I#%)(+')1'+(%',(**34&'(+,-'#**"3*#%34'
+/I03"1'#"3'.#"%'($'%23'I3%")E18']/"%23"&'#,,',(*'$),31'#"3'43,3%34')+'#'."3\43$)+34'%)I3')+%3"X#,'%('
E(I.,-'Z)%2'.")X#E-'"3*/,#%)(+18':")X#E-'#+4'3%2)E1'#"3'#'43,)E#%3'%(.)E'Z23+'#..,-)+*',3#"+)+*'
#+#,-%)E1')+'6HHF1'#+4'#1'#,,'4#%#'#"3'/13"\"3,#%34')%'2#1'%('03'2#+4,34'Z)%2'E(+$)43+%)#,)%-'#+4'
E#/%)(/1+311'=:#"4(';'N)3I3+1&'>?@TB8'
Design reflections
V23'$3#%/"31'#*"334'(+')+'%23'E(+E3.%'"3a/)"3'%23'LA(Cockpit'%('."(X)43'#'2)*2\,3X3,'(X3"X)3Z'($'
#X#),#0,3'I3%")E1'#1'Z3,,'#1'%23'$),%3"'("'E/1%(I)[#%)(+'(.%)(+18'D'4#120(#"4'431)*+'Z),,'."(X)43'#'
$#I),)#"'3+X)"(+I3+%8'<#E2'I3%")E')1'#'1I#,,'.)3E3'($'*"(/.34')+$("I#%)(+'X)1/#,)[34'X)#'#'E2#"%'#+4'
3#E2'E2#"%')1'3+E#.1/,#%34')+%('#'Z)4*3%'=V#"#*2)'3%'#,&'>?@@B8'W)4*3%1'I/1%'E(+1)1%'($'#'23#43"&'
$),%3"\#"3#&'#+4'%23'E2#"%'E#+X#1')%13,$'#+4'03'1/1E3.%)0,3'%('E/1%(I)[#%)(+&'"31)[)+*&'#+4'4"#**)+*'(+'
%23'4#120(#"48'V2)1'#,,(Z1'03%%3"'/13"'3^.3")3+E3'#+4'$(E/1'(+'E3"%#)+'.#"%1'($'%23'X)1/#,)[34'4#%#'
#+4'I3%")E18''
V23'/13"'E#+'#""#+*3'3#E2'Z)4*3%'%('%23)"'."3$3"3+E31&'"31)[)+*&'#+4'4"#**)+*'13X3"#,'($'%2(13'
Z)4*3%1'(+'%23'4#120(#"4'I)*2%',3#4'%('(X3",#.'03%Z33+'%23I8'V23"3$("3&'%23'LA(Cockpit'E(+1%"#)+1'
"31)[)+*'#+4'2)4)+*'3113+%)#,')+$("I#%)(+'032)+4'#+(%23"'Z)4*3%'0-'1+#..)+*'0#EG'%('#,,(Z34'1)[3'("'
.(1)%)(+8'6(X3I3+%'($'%23',#0(^'E(+%#)+3"1')1'E(+1%"#)+34'%('%23',3$%'#+4'")*2%'($'%23'E/""3+%'
#X#),#0,3'.#*3'1)[3'($'%23'6((4,3'%23I3'$"(I')6((j'%('."3X3+%'2(")[(+%#,'1E"(,,)+*8'V23'0(%%(I'
"31)[31'4-+#I)E#,,-'Z)%2'%23'4"#*'($'#'Z)4*3%8'V2#%'Z#-'%23'4#120(#"4')1'G3.%'/+E,/%%3"34'Z2),1%'1%),,'
03)+*'4-+#I)E')+'#""#+*3I3+%'($'%23'Z)4*3%1'
Use Cases
D'%-.)E#,'/13"'1311)(+'Z)%2'%23'LA(Cockpit'E#+'E(+1)1%'($'X#")(/1'#E%)(+18'J+'%2)1'13E%)(+'Z3'E"3#%34'
%23'I(1%')I.("%#+%'/13'E#1315'
• 9(*')+'%('%23'1-1%3I5'6((4,3')%13,$'"3a/)"31'#',(*)+&'%23'E"343+%)#,'/.(+',(*)+')1'E23EG348'J$'
%23'E#.#0),)%)31'#"3'."313+%&'%23-'Z),,'133'#',)+G'%('%23'.,/*)+')+'%23'1)43'+#X)*#%)(+'%"33')+'%23'
D4I)+)1%"#%)(+'L,(EG8'V23'."(%(%-.3'LA(Cockpit')1'(+,-'#EE311)0,3'$("'/13"1'Z)%2'%23'
#4I)+)1%"#%("'"(,38'
• e34)"3E%'%('4#120(#"45'D'E,)EG'/.(+'%2#%'+#X)*#%)(+')%3I'"34)"3E%1'%('#'+3Z'.#*3&'%23'
4#120(#"4',#-(/%8'd3#43"'#+4'$((%3"'($'%23'(")*)+#,'6((4,3'%23I3'#"3'G3.%&'#,,'(%23"'
+#X)*#%)(+'3,3I3+%1'#"3'2)443+8'
!"#$%&'(")*)+#,,-'./0,)1234')+5'6#)3"&'78&'93)%+3"&':8&';'<0+3"&'68'=>?@AB8'C93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1'F(EG.)%'$("'6HHF':,#%$("I1C8'J+'
Emerging(Trends(in(Learning(Analytics8'93)43+&'K)343",#+435'L"),,'M'N3+138'4()5'2%%.15OO4()8("*O@?8@@PQOARSA??TQAA>RQU?@T'
• !)1.,#-34'Z)4*3%15'V23'1%#%3&'%23'.,/*)+'3^)%34',#1%'1311)(+&')1'"3E(X3"34&'#,,'Z)4*3%1'#+4'%23)"'
$),%3"'."3$3"3+E31'."313+%')+'%23'4#%#0#13'#"3',(#4348'V23'E/""3+%'#X#),#0,3'4#%#')+'%23'
.,/*)+_1'%#0,31')1',(#4348'
• F2#+*35'D44)+*'("'43,3%)+*'Z)4*3%1'Z)%2'%23'."(X)434'I3+/'(.%)(+18']),%3"'4#%#'Z)%2'
."(X)434'$),%3"'(.%)(+18'
• N311)(+5'9(**)+*'(/%'$"(I'%23'/13"'("'#'%)I3'(/%'0-'%23'1-1%3I'*/#"#+%331'+('#EE311'%('
/+#/%2(")[34'/13"18'
Implementation
Overall architecture
V23'3#1)31%'Z#-'%('."(X)43'+3Z'$/+E%)(+#,)%-'Z2),3'1%),,'*/#"#+%33)+*'I#)+%#)+#0),)%-'$("'6((4,3')1'0-'
Z")%)+*'.,/*)+18'V23"3'#"3'I#+-'."343$)+34'%-.31'#X#),#0,3n')%'Z#1'43E)434'%(')I.,3I3+%'#',(E#,'
.,/*)+8'V2)1'%-.3'$3#%/"31'%23'I(1%'$"334(I'$("'43X3,(.3"1&'#1')%')I.(131'+('"31%")E%)(+1'(+'
1%"/E%/"3&'431)*+&'#+4'E#.#0),)%)318'
N%"/E%/"#,,-&'#'6((4,3'.,/*)+')1'#'$(,43"'($':d:'1E").%1'=#1'Z3,,'#1'FNN&'f#X#NE").%&'3%E8')$'+3E311#"-B8'
6((4,3'E("3'E(II/+)E#%31'Z)%2'%23'.,/*)+'0-',((G)+*'$("'.#"%)E/,#"'3+%"-'.()+%1&'($%3+'43$)+34')+'
%23'$),3',)08.2.'Z)%2)+'%23'.,/*)+8'
Widgets implementation
<#E2'Z)4*3%'($'%23'LA(Cockpit'2(,41'(+3'($'%23'X)1/#,)[#%)(+1'($'%23'I3%")E1'6@'%('6Q8'V23-'#,,'12#"3'
#'E(II(+'1%"/E%/"3'0/%'+334'4)$$3"3+%'E2#"%)+*'(.%)(+1'=E2#"%'%-.3&'#^31&'%)%,31B8'D+'#01%"#E%'$#E%("-'
431)*+'.#%%3"+'#,,(Z1'3$$)E)3+%'E"3#%)(+'($'Z)4*3%1'Z)%2'*/#"#+%334'E(II(+'$/+E%)(+#,)%-')+'%23'
#01%"#E%'$/+E%)(+1'#+4'4)$$3"3+%'E(+E"3%3')I.,3I3+%#%)(+1'=$)*/"3'>B8'
D44'])*'>'23"3'
])*/"3'>5'o69'($'D01%"#E%']#E%("-':#%%3"+'$("'F2#"%8.2.'
V23'#01%"#E%'E,#11'E2#"%8.2.'2(,41'I3I03"'X#")#0,31'$("')4&'E#+X#1')4&'^.(1&'-.(1&'23)*2%&'Z)4%2&'
4#%#13%&',#03,13%&'#+4'#44)%)(+#,'E2#"%)+*'(.%)(+1'1/E2'#1'E2#"%'%)%,3'#+4'%23'E(""31.(+4)+*'*3%%3"'
$/+E%)(+18']/"%23"')%1'E(+1%"/E%("'E(+1%"/E%'=)4&'%-.3&'^.(1&'-.(1&'Z)4%2&'23)*2%B'#+4'$/+E%)(+1'%('
4)1.,#-'#+4'"3+43"'%23'Z)4*3%1'Z)%2'6((4,3_1')+%3*"#%34'I(4/,3&'#+4'$/+E%)(+1'%('13%/.'%23'dV69'
3,3I3+%1'($'#'Z)4*3%',#0(^8'
V23'E,#11'E2#"%$#E%("-8.2.'2#1'#'$/+E%)(+'E(+1%"/E%D,,]"(I!0#13=B&'E#,,34'$"(I')+43^8.2.'/.(+'1%#"%'
($'%23'.,/*)+8'D,,'Z)4*3%1'4)1.,#-34'(+'%23'4#120(#"4'#"3'a/3")34'$"(I'%23'LA(Cockpit'%#0,3'
4#120(#"48'V23'$#E%("-'E#,,'%23+'E"3#%31'%23'E(""31.(+4)+*'Z)4*3%'%-.38'
<#E2'Z)4*3%'."3.#"31'#'dV69i'E#+X#1'3,3I3+%'$("'%23'X)1/#,)[#%)(+&'%23'E2#"%')%13,$')1'."(X)434'0-'
%23'F2#"%8c1',)0"#"-8'V23'0#1)E'1%"/E%/"3'($'1/E2'#'E2#"%8)1'%23'1#I3'$("'3#E2'%-.3'($'X)1/#,)[#%)(+&'
%(*3%23"'Z)%2'%23'$#E%("-'431)*+'.#%%3"+')%')1'.(11)0,3'%('E(+$)*/"3'3#E2'E2#"%'%(')%1'4)1.,#-34'4#%#8'
V23'#""#-'4#%#'E(+1)1%1'($',#03,1'#+4'4#%#13%18'W)%2'%23'(.%)(+1'#""#-')%')1'.(11)0,3'%('E(+$)*/"3'#'
X#")3%-'($'4)1.,#-'(.%)(+1'1/E2'#1'#^31&',#03,1&'%)%,31'("'%((,%).18'LA(Cockpit'I#G31'23#X-'/13'($'%2)1'
E(+$)*/"#%)(+'%('4-+#I)E#,,-'#44'E(+%3+%'#+4'1%-,)+*'(.%)(+1'%('3#E2'Z)4*3%8'
D423")+*'%('%2)1'1%"/E%/"3'0-')+)%)#,,-'E"3#%)+*'(+,-'#'0#1)E'E2#"%'#+4'#44)+*'$/"%23"'(.%)(+1'Z)%2'
f#X#NE").%'4-+#I)E#,,-',#%3"&'%23'3^%3+4)0),)%-'($'%23'."(%(%-.3')1'*/#"#+%3348'
D44)+*'+3Z'Z)4*3%1'=#+4'%23"3$("3'I3%")E1B'%('%23'E("3'($'%23'."(%(%-.3')1'1)I.,3&'03E#/13'%23'0#1)E'
0/),4)+*'0,(EG1'1%#-'%23'1#I3'#+4'(+,-'%23'13.#"#%3'X)1/#,)[#%)(+'."(.3"%)31'+334'%('03'13%8'
!"#$%&'(")*)+#,,-'./0,)1234')+5'6#)3"&'78&'93)%+3"&':8&';'<0+3"&'68'=>?@AB8'C93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1'F(EG.)%'$("'6HHF':,#%$("I1C8'J+'
Emerging(Trends(in(Learning(Analytics8'93)43+&'K)343",#+435'L"),,'M'N3+138'4()5'2%%.15OO4()8("*O@?8@@PQOARSA??TQAA>RQU?@T'
Cockpit Interaction
D$%3"'%23'LA(Cockpit'4#120(#"4',(#41&'#,,'%23'4)1.,#-34'E2#"%'4#%#')1'/.\4#%34'Z)%2'DfDj'"3a/31%18'
V23"3'#"3'+('I/,%).,3'.#*3'"3,(#41'+3E311#"-'%('X)1/#,)[3'%23'Z)4*3%18'
J+'I("3'43%#),&'/.(+'"34)"3E%'%('%23'LA(Cockpit')+43^'.#*3&'%23'4#120(#"4',#-(/%')1'13%'/.8'V23'.,/*)+'
E23EG1')+')%1'4#120(#"4'%#0,3'Z2)E2'Z)4*3%1'#"3'."313+%348']("'3#E2'($'%2(13&'%23'E2#"%'$#E%("-'
E"3#%31'%23',#0(^'E(+%#)+3"'#+4')%1'23#43"\&'$),%3"\'#+4'E2#"%'3,3I3+%1'#+4'/131'6((4,3_1'"3+43"3"'%('
4)1.,#-'%23'Z)4*3%18'V23'4)1.,#-'I3%2(4'E#,,1'%23'E(""31.(+4)+*'f#X#NE").%'$/+E%)(+1'$("'%23'$),%3"'#+4'
E2#"%'3,3I3+%1&'Z2)E2')+'%/"+'/13'%23'."(X)434'DfDj'$/+E%)(+#,)%-'%('$3%E2'%23'E2#"%'4#%#'$"(I'%23'
E(""31.(+4)+*'%#0,318'
]("'#'03%%3"'(X3"X)3Z'($'%23'Z)4*3%_1'4-+#I)E',(#4)+*'."(E311'%23'13a/3+E3'4)#*"#I'=$)*/"3'QB',)1%1'
%23')+X(,X34'13"X3"'#+4'E,)3+%'$),31'#+4'%23'DfDj'"3a/31%1')+'03%Z33+'%23I8'
D44'])*8'Q'23"3'
])*/"3'Q5'N3a/3+E3'!)#*"#I'($'W)4*3%'F"3#%)(+'
Discussion
J+'*3+3"#,&')%'E#+'03'.()+%34'(/%'%2#%'%23'X)1/#,)[#%)(+1'($'%23'I3%")E1'23,.'%('*3%'#'$)"1%')I."311)(+'($'
%23'(+,)+3'E(/"1318'V2)1')I."311)(+')1'/134'%(',((G'$("'#'E(+1.)E/(/1+311'($'#'1.3E)$)E'E(/"138'
K("I#,,-'E(/"131'032#X3'"#%23"'%-.)E#,'b'$("'3^#I.,3'(+'6(+4#-'I(1%'($'%23',3#"+3"1',(*'(+'#+4'
*3%%)+*'$3Z3"'#,(+*'%23'E(/"13'%)I3'.3")(48'6(1%'($'%23',3#"+3"1'+3X3"'4('#'.(1%')+'#'$("/I'#+4'I(1%'
($'%23'.(1%3"1'+(%'I("3'%2#+'%Z('.(1%)+*18'V23"3'#"3'#,"3#4-'#'+/I03"'($'1%/4)31'E#""-)+*'(/%'%23'
4"(.\(/%\."(0,3I'=72#,),';'<0+3"&'>?@TB'("'#44"311)+*'%23',311')+%3"#E%)(+'=9#EG+3"'3%'#,8&'>?@PB8'
W)%2'%23'23,.'($'%2)1'I3%")E1')%'E#+'03'133+'X3"-'$#1%')$'#'6HHF'032#X31',)G3'(%23"'(+318'H+'%23'(%23"'
1)43')$'#'4)4#E%)E#,'I3#1/"3')1'%#G3+'%2)1'E#+',3#4'%('#'+(+\%-.)E#,'*"#.28']("'3^#I.,3&')+'%23'
./0,)E#%)(+'($'72#,),'3%'#,8'=>?@RB'%23'/13'($'p#I)$)E#%)(+\3,3I3+%1'Z)%2)+'6HHF1')1'431E")034'#+4'
%2#%'%23'+/I03"'($'4(+3'a/)[[31')+E"3#13'X(+'Z33G'@'%('Z33G'>8'N)I),#"'3$$3E%1'E#+'03'133+'0-'%23'
/13'($'H.3+'L#4*31'#1'E3"%)$)E#%)(+'=7(..';'<0+3"&'>?@RB8''
])*/"3'T'."313+%1'%23'Z)4*3%'$("'%23'%)I31.#+'($'(+3'($'(/"'6HHF1&'%23'NJ6HHF'Z)%2'(X3"'@Q??'
.#"%)E).#+%18'J%'1%#"%34'#%'%23'A%2'HE%(03"'>?@R'#+4'%23'4/"#%)(+'Z#1'S'Z33G18'W23"30-&'3X3"-'Z33G'#'
I(4/,3')1'I#43'#EE311)0,3'%('%23'.#"%)E).#+%1'($'%23'E(/"138'V23'0#1)E'I3%")E'($'%23'logins(over(time'
12(Z1'%23'+/I03"'($'4)1%)+E%'1/EE311$/,',(**34')+'3X3+%1'($'%23'1-1%3I8'V23'X)1/#,)[#%)(+'$("'6@')1'#'
,)+3'E2#"%&'4/3'%(')%1'%3I.("#,'E2#"#E%3"n'%2)1'I3%")E')1'$),%3"#0,3'.3"'%)I3'$"#I38'V23',)+3'E2#"%'
."313+%1'%2#%'I("3'.3(.,3'#"3'#E%)X3'#%'%23'03*)++)+*'($'3#E2'Z33G'Z23+'#'+3Z'13E%)(+'Z#1'I#43'
#EE311)0,3'#+4'43E"3#131'4"#1%)E#,,-'/+%),'%23'3+48'D44)%)(+#,,-&')%'12(Z1'%23'(X3"#,,'#E%)X)%-'$("'%23'
.#"%)E).#+%1'43E"3#13'(X3"'%23'4/"#%)(+'($'%23'E(/"138'
!"#$%&'(")*)+#,,-'./0,)1234')+5'6#)3"&'78&'93)%+3"&':8&';'<0+3"&'68'=>?@AB8'C93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1'F(EG.)%'$("'6HHF':,#%$("I1C8'J+'
Emerging(Trends(in(Learning(Analytics8'93)43+&'K)343",#+435'L"),,'M'N3+138'4()5'2%%.15OO4()8("*O@?8@@PQOARSA??TQAA>RQU?@T'
'
])*/"3'T5'W)4*3%'$("',(*)+1'(X3"'%)I3'Z)%2'$),%3"'13%'$("'%23'4/"#%)(+'($'%23'NJ6HHF'
V23'+3^%'I3%")E'($'%23'."(%(%-.3'"3."313+%1'%23'#E%)X)%-')+'$("/I1'=6QB8'J%'E(/+%1'%23'+/I03"'($'
/13"1'.3"'+/I03"'($'$("/I'.(1%1'#+4'$("/I1'#"3'#%%")0/%34'%('#'E(/"138'W23"30-&'#'E(/"13'E#+'
E(+%#)+'I("3'%2#+'(+3'$("/I8'V23'E"(+'%#1G'4#),-'#**"3*#%31'%23'4)1%")0/%)(+'.3"'E(/"13'Z)%2(/%'
4)"3E%'#%%")0/%)(+'%(')+4)X)4/#,'/13"18'V23')+$("I#%)(+')1'$),%3"#0,3'.3"'E(/"13'Z2)E2'#,,(Z1'1)43\0-\
1)43'E(I.#")1(+')+'#'4(/*2+/%'E2#"%8'
])*/"3'i'."313+%1'%23'E(I.#")1(+'($'%23'$("/I'.(1%'$"3a/3+E-'03%Z33+'%2"33'4)$$3"3+%'6HHF18'J%'
E#+'03'133+'%2#%'%23'6HHF'h!#1'J+%3"+3%')+'I3)+3I'o+%3"")E2%g'2(,41'I/E2'I("3'.(1%)+*1'#1'%23'
(%23"'(+318']/"%23"I("3&'%23"3'#"3'I("3',3#"+3"1'.(1%)+*'I("3'%2#+'>'.(1%)+*1'%2#+')+'#'%-.)E#,'
6HHF8'J$'#'E,(13"',((G')1'4(+3&')%'E#+'03'.()+%34'(/%'%2#%')+'%2)1'6HHF'%23'%3#E23"1'/134'%23'$("/I'
)+%3+1)X3,-'$("'#+'3^E2#+*3'03%Z33+',3#"+3"1'#+4'."(I.%34'%23I'%('%#,G'#0(/%'%23)"'.3"1(+#,'
3^.3")3+E31')+'4)$$3"3+%'1E2((,'1)%/#%)(+18'V2)1',3#41'%('I#+-'.3"1(+#,'1%#%3I3+%1'#+4'4)1E/11)(+1'
#+4'I/1%'03'133+'#1'#'4)4#E%)E#,'I3#1/"3I3+%8'
D44'])*8'i'23"3'
])*/"3'i5'W)4*3%'Z)%2'%23'E(I.#")1(+'($'%23'.(1%'$"3a/3+E-'03%Z33+'%2"33'4)$$3"3+%'6HHF1'
V23',#1%'I3%")E'=6>B')1'#0(/%'a/)['1%#%)1%)E18'm/)[[31'#"3'($%3+'.#"%'($'#'E(/"13'#+4'"3a/)"3'%23',3#"+3"'
%('.#"%)E).#%3'#+4'$)+)12'%23I'1/EE311$/,,-8'9D'F(EG.)%'4#),-'#**"3*#%31'%23'1%#%3'%23',3#"+3"1'#"3')+&'
$("'3#E2'a/)['$"(I'%23'%#0,3'a/)['#+4'a/)['#%%3I.%18'V23'E(/+%'($'/13"1'.3"'a/)['$("'%23'1%#%31'($'
$)+)1234'#+4')+'."(E311'#"3'X)1/#,)[34')+'#'1%#EG34'0#"'E2#"%8'
J+'$)*/"3'P'%23"3'#"3'1(I3'a/)[[31&'Z2)E2'#"3'4"#I#%)E#,,-'4)$$3"3+%'%('%23'"31%'#+4'."(X)43'#'2)*2'
$)+)12)+*'"#%38'9((G)+*'#',)%%,3'0)%'E,(13"&')%'E#+'03'133+'%2#%'%2(13'a/)[[31'#"3'.#"%'($'6HHF1'Z)%2'
(0,)*#%("-'3^#I18'J+'(%23"'Z("41'%2(13'a/)[[31'#"3'I#+4#%("-'$("'#'2)*23"'+/I03"'($'1%/43+%18'
V23"3$("3&'%2)1',3#41'%('%23'1%#%3I3+%'%2#%'%23'/13'($'6HHF1'Z)%2)+'#'E/"")E/,/I',3#41'%('#'2)*23"'
E(II)%I3+%'($'%23',3#"+3"18'
!"#$%&'(")*)+#,,-'./0,)1234')+5'6#)3"&'78&'93)%+3"&':8&';'<0+3"&'68'=>?@AB8'C93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1'F(EG.)%'$("'6HHF':,#%$("I1C8'J+'
Emerging(Trends(in(Learning(Analytics8'93)43+&'K)343",#+435'L"),,'M'N3+138'4()5'2%%.15OO4()8("*O@?8@@PQOARSA??TQAA>RQU?@T'
'
])*/"3'P5'W)4*3%'$("'a/)['#%%3I.%1&'Z2)E2'(..(131'/13"1'Z)%2'1%#%3'in(progress'%('1%#%3'finished''
])+#,,-&')%'E#+'03'133+'%2#%'%23'X)1/#,)[#%)(+'($'%23'I3%")E1'12(/,4',3#4'%('#'$)+#,'"3.("%'$("'%3#E23"1'#1'
Z3,,'#1'#4I)+)1%"#%("18'V3#E23"1'Z),,'+334'%2#%'%('*3%'#+')+$("I#%)(+'#0(/%'2(Z'%23)"'E(/"13'
.3"$("I34&'%('133'2(Z',3#"+3"1'3+*#*34'Z)%2'%23)"',3#"+)+*'E(+%3+%1&'#+4')$'%23"3'#"3'."(0,3I1'
(EE/"")+*'("'X)E3'X3"1#'#'4)4#E%)E#,'#.."(#E2'Z("G1'a/)%3'Z3,,8'D4I)+)1%"#%("1'E#+'133')$'#'E(/"13'
032#X31'+("I#,'("'/+\+("I#,8'V23-'E#+',3#"+'Z2)E2'4)4#E%)E#,'#.."(#E231'#"3'($')+%3"31%'$("'
$("%2E(I)+*'6HHF1'#+4'Z2)E2'12(/,4'+(%'03'/134'#+-I("38'V2)1'"3.("%'Z),,'03'(+3'($'%23'+3^%'1%3.1'
$("'%23'4#120(#"48''
Conclusion
V23'H.3+'N(/"E3',3#"+)+*'I#+#*3I3+%'1-1%3I'6((4,3'."(X)431'#'1/)%#0,3'3+X)"(+I3+%'%('43.,(-'#'
Z("G)+*'."(%(%-.3'($'#',3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E1'.,/*)+8'J+'%23'E(+%3^%'($'6HHF1'#+4'%23'%#"*3%'/13"'*"(/.'
($'%23'%((,')%')1'X3"-')I.("%#+%'%('E#"3$/,,-'E2((13'%23'4#%#&'Z2)E2'12(/,4'03'#**"3*#%34'#+4'
4)1.,#-348'93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1'/131'#'13%'($'%((,1'#+4'%23'$(E/1'Z#1'+(%'(+,-'#0(/%'Z2#%'%('X)1/#,)[3'
0/%'#,1('2(Z'%('X)1/#,)[3'#**"3*#%34'4#%#8'
V23'X)1/#,)[#%)(+1'($'%23'I3%")E1'#"3'4-+#I)E&')+%3"#E%)X3&'#+4'#,,(Z'%23'/13"'%('a/)EG,-'133'
E(23"3+E31'$"(I'0)*'4#%#13%1'(%23"Z)13'+(%'*"#1.#0,38'V23'"313#"E2'Z("G'12(Z1'%2#%'3X3+')+'#'
."(%(%-.3'1/E2'#1'%23'LA(Cockpit'#..3#,)+*'X)1/#,)[#%)(+1'#"3'#'G3-'E(I.(+3+%'Z23+'%"#+1$3"")+*'
1%#%)1%)E#,')+$("I#%)(+'#+4'%"#+1$3"")+*',3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E1'G+(Z,34*38'
V23'."(I)1)+*'$3340#EG'$("'%23'LA(Cockpit'Z),,'2(.3$/,,-'$(1%3"'$/"%23"',3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E1'Z)%2'%2)1'
%((,8'V23'."(%(%-.3&'E"#$%34'Z)%2'3^%3+1)0),)%-')+'I)+4&'12(/,4'#,,(Z'$/"%23"'a/#+%)$)#0,3')+1)*2%')+'%23'
,3#"+3"_1'032#X)(/"'#+4'."(E311'($',3#"+)+*'Z)%2'6HHF1'(+'%23')6((j'.,#%$("I8'
V23'LA(Cockpit'12(Z1'%2#%'3X3+'#'1I#,,'13%'($'1%#G32(,43"1'#+4'/13"1'03+3$)%'$"(I'#..,-)+*'0#1)E'
,3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E18'!#%#'X)1/#,)[#%)(+'($'E/1%(I)[34'I3%")E1'#,,(Z1')+%3"."3%#%)(+'($'4#%#'E(23"3+E31'
(%23"Z)13'+(%'#EE311)0,3')+'#+'3$$)E)3+%'#+4'/13"\$")3+4,-'Z#-8'
V23'."(%(%-.3')1'#+'3^%3+4)0,3'#+4'E(+$)*/"#0,3'0#13&'%23"3$("3')%')1'1)I.,3'%('#44'$/"%23"',3#"+)+*'
#+#,-%)E1'E#.#0),)%)318'V2313'#44)%)(+#,'I3%")E1'E#+'E(X3"'#'Z)43'"#+*3'($'#E%)X)%)318'F(/"131'%2#%'($$3"'
X)43(',3E%/"31'E#+'."(X)43'I(%)X#%)(+'$("'#**"3*#%)+*'G3-'#1.3E%1'1/E2'#1'h+/I03"'($'X)43(',311(+1'
Z#%E234g8'
6("3'$),%3"'(.%)(+1'0"3#G)+*'%23'#**"3*#%34'4#%#'$"(I'#'1-1%3I\Z)43'4(Z+'%('E(/"13\Z)43',3X3,'Z),,'
$/"%23"')I."(X3'%23'/13"'3^.3")3+E3'($'LA(Cockpit8'
!"#$%&'(")*)+#,,-'./0,)1234')+5'6#)3"&'78&'93)%+3"&':8&';'<0+3"&'68'=>?@AB8'C93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1'F(EG.)%'$("'6HHF':,#%$("I1C8'J+'
Emerging(Trends(in(Learning(Analytics8'93)43+&'K)343",#+435'L"),,'M'N3+138'4()5'2%%.15OO4()8("*O@?8@@PQOARSA??TQAA>RQU?@T'
<^%3+4)+*'%23'I3%")E1'Z),,'#,1('03'(+3'($'%23'I(1%'."(I)1)+*'+3^%'1%3.1'$("'%23'LA(Cockpit8'F2#+*)+*'
%23'*"#+/,#")%-'($'4)1.,#-34'4#%#'*)X31'%23'1%#G32(,43"1'#44)%)(+#,')+1)*2%')+'%23',3#"+3"1_'032#X)(/"'
)+'%23'E(+%3^%'($'%23')6((j'.,#%$("I8'
]/%/"3'$3#%/"31'($'%23'LA(Cockpit'12(/,4'+(%'(+,-'E,(13'%23'$3340#EG',((.'%('23,.',3#"+3"1')+'%23)"'
,3#"+)+*'."(E3118'H+'(+3'2#+4&'E(I.#")1(+'%('#X3"#*3'1E("31'I)*2%'."(X)43'#+')+E3+%)X3'%('%23'
,3#"+3"'#+4'23,.'%23I'1/EE311$/,,-'E(I.,3%3'%23)"'6HHF18'H+'%23'(%23"&'%23'."(X)434',3#"+)+*'
I#%3")#,')+'6HHF1'#1'.#"%'($'%23',3#"+)+*'."(E311'E#+'03+3$)%'$"(I'(.%)I)[#%)(+'4/3'%(',3#"+)+*'
#+#,-%)E18'W3,,\4(E/I3+%34'#+4')+%3"#E%)X3',3#"+)+*'I#%3")#,'3+E(/"#*31',3#"+3"'#E%)X)%-'#1'Z3,,8'
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2%%.15OO3")G4/X#,8Z("4."3118E(IO>?@>O?@OQ?O,3#"+)+*\#+#,-%)E1\#+4\34/E#%)(+#,\4#%#\I)+)+*O'=,#1%'
X)1)%34'6#"E2'>?@SB'
<0+3"&'68&'V#"#*2)&'L8&'N#"#+%)&'D8&';'NE2q+&'N8'=>?@iB8'N3X3+'$3#%/"31'($'1I#"%',3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E1'\'
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34)%)(+8'e3%")3X34'$"(I5'2%%.15OOZZZ8,3#"+%3E2,)08("*O.OTSAPT'=,#1%'X)1)%34'6#"E2'>?@SB'
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In(Innovations(for(community(services:(16th(international(conference&')TE1'>?@P8'4()5@?8@??ROARS\Q\
Q@A\TATPP\@'@''
72#,),&'68&'<0+3"&'68&';'D4I)"##,&'W8'=>?@RB8'd(Z'E#+'p#I)$)E#%)(+'JI."(X3'6HHF'N%/43+%1'
<+*#*3I3+%l8'J+'."(E334)+*1'($'%23'</"(.3#+'F(+$3"3+E3'(+'p#I3'L#134'93#"+)+*&'p"#[&'D/1%")#&'
=..8'S@A\S>SB'
7(..&'68&'<0+3"&'68'=>?@RB'9#'E3"%)$)E#E)r+'43',(1'6HHF8'`3+%#c#1&'431#$s(1'-'3^.3")3+E)#1'."tE%)E#18'
e3X)1%#'31.#u(,#'43'.34#*(*s#8'`(,8'Ri&'K('>PP&'>?@R&'..8'SQ\@??8'JNNK'??QT\ATP@'
!"#$%&'(")*)+#,,-'./0,)1234')+5'6#)3"&'78&'93)%+3"&':8&';'<0+3"&'68'=>?@AB8'C93#"+)+*'D+#,-%)E1'F(EG.)%'$("'6HHF':,#%$("I1C8'J+'
Emerging(Trends(in(Learning(Analytics8'93)43+&'K)343",#+435'L"),,'M'N3+138'4()5'2%%.15OO4()8("*O@?8@@PQOARSA??TQAA>RQU?@T'
9#EG+3"&'<8&'72#,),&'68&'<0+3"&'68'=>?@PB'd(Z'%('$(1%3"'$("/I'4)1E/11)(+1'Z)%2)+'6HHF15'D'E#13'1%/4-8'
J+%3"+#%)(+#,'f(/"+#,'($'DE#43I)E'e313#"E2')+'<4/E#%)(+8'>=>B&'?@\@Q8'!HJ5'@?8@RASiO)c#"38Q@TQ>'
9#"1(+&'H8'=@ASPB8'J+$("I#%)(+'1-1%3I1'."(%(%-.)+*8'J+'Proceedings(Interez(HP(3000(Conference'=..8'
Qi@\QPTB8'e3%")3X34'$"(I5'2%%.5OOZZZ8(.3+I.38E(IOE1,."(E334Od:JjSPO:Qi@8.4$'=,#1%'X)1)%34'
6#"E2'>?@SB'
93)%+3"&':8&'72#,),&'68&';'<0+3"&'68'=>?@RB8'93#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E1')+'2)*23"'34/E#%)(+'\'#',)%3"#%/"3'"3X)3Z8'
J+'Learning(analytics:(Fundaments,(applications,(and(trends8'4()5@?8@??ROARS\Q\Q@A\i>ARR\P'
6/+([\63")+(&':8&'e/).3"3['`#,)3+%3&'f8&';'7,((1'!3,*#4(&'F8'=>?@QB8'J+$3"")+*'2)*23"',3X3,',3#"+)+*'
)+$("I#%)(+'$"(I',(Z',3X3,'4#%#'$("'%23'G2#+'#E#43I-'.,#%$("I8'J+'Proceedings(of(the(third(
international(conference(on(learning(analytics(and(knowledge8'4()5@?8@@TiO>TP?>AP8>TP?Q@S''
K/+#I#G3"'f"&'f8']8&'F23+&'68&';':/"4)+&'V8'!8'=@AA?B8'N-1%3I1'43X3,(.I3+%')+')+$("I#%)(+'1-1%3I1'
"313#"E28'Journal(of(management(information(systems&'R=QB&'SA\@?P8'
:#"4(&'D8';'N)3I3+1&'p8'=>?@TB8'<%2)E#,'#+4'.")X#E-'.")+E).,31'$("',3#"+)+*'#+#,-%)E18'British(Journal(of(
Educational(Technology8'4()5@?8@@@@O0c3%8'@>@i>''
NE2Z3+4)I#++&'L8'D8&'e(4")*/3[\V")#+#&'68'f8&'`([+)/G&'D8&':")3%(&'98':8&'L("(/c3+)&'68'N8&'d(,[3"&'D8&'
p),,3%&'!8&'!),,3+0(/"*&':8'=>?@PB8'o+43"1%#+4)+*',3#"+)+*'#%'#'*,#+E35'D+'(X3"X)3Z'($',3#"+)+*'
4#120(#"4'1%/4)318'J+'Proceedings(of(the(sixth(international(conference(on(learning(analytics(&(
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