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On Creating a National System for Identifying Research and Development Priorities
Abstract
This article considers the task of creating a national system for identifying research and development priorities and suggests a uniform information analysis system as a solution to this problem. A variety of criteria, as determined by the target function and long-term planning objectives, are recommended as a basis for analysis and selection of priorities. A prototype of such a system is briefly described and a general methodology of identifying national priorities is presented. The article uses thermoplastic materials as a model example of a subject area to illustrate how the general situation in a priority direction may differ from specific cases.
... We suggest Scopus for the scientometric analysis because it contains the complete set of scientific publications for agriculture and food research. For patent analysis, we apply LexisNexis [33], and IAS "Priorities" [34], namely LexisNexis is used to search for the world patents, whereas "Priorities" is used to analyze Russian and US patents. The key feature of the approach is that the query is generated automatically with the "Priorities" based on a small subset of technology-related documents [35]. ...
The food and agriculture could be a driver of the economy in Russia if intensive growth factors were mainly used. In particular, it is necessary to adjust the food export structure to fit reality better. This problem implies long-term forecasting of the commodity combinations and export directions which could provide a persistent export gain in the future. Unfortunately, the existing solutions for food market forecasting tackle mainly with short-term prediction, whereas structural changes in a whole branch of an economy can last during years. Long-term food market forecasting is a tricky one because food markets are quite unstable and export values depend on a variety of different features.
The article analyzes the effectiveness of scientific and technical developments in obtaining biologically pure products in agriculture, identifies aspects of improving the effectiveness of scientific and technical developments in the agricultural sector used in obtaining agricultural products in organic farming, in particular, the specifics of the development agricultural machines and tools for organic agriculture, the conditions that the developed equipment must satisfy are determined. The analysis of factors contributing to the increase in the cost of work on the creation of a single technical tool for the conditions of organic farming was carried out. The proportions that have developed at the present time in the structure of R&D performed in the agricultural engineering industry are also considered. It is concluded that insufficient attention is paid to the work on the creation of a strategic scientific and technical reserve, inertia of R&D subjects and organizational and staff structures of the sectoral research institutes of agricultural engineering. The necessity of creating organizational forms of integration of science and production, which allow for a clear and quick passage of ideas from their inception to widespread use in practice, the widespread use of new progressive forms of organization of scientific activity is considered. Measures are proposed to improve the systematic organization of R&D management. The necessity of introducing documents on the procedure for conducting joint work on the creation of new types of agricultural machinery, carried out by subordinate research and technological organizations, is shown. A significant place in the article is given to the directions and results of the work of Kazan State Agrarian University in the field of R&D and its contribution to the scientific support of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation. The currently used forms of R&D integration are considered from the point of view of the completeness of coverage of all potential performers, especially the academic and university sectors of science. Ways are proposed to expand the communication systems for scientific and technical cooperation through the widespread use of forms of interdepartmental cooperation, using progressive developments in the field of scientific and technical developments of Russian research institutes and educational institutions. Recommendations are proposed to increase the amount of funding for work on creating a strategic scientific and technical reserve in agricultural machinery and the implementation of a certain economic management mechanism. It is concluded that there are all the necessary prerequisites for a decisive transition to fundamentally new technologies, machines and tools in organic agricultural production, a significant improvement in the organization of work on their creation and implementation, which will dramatically accelerate the pace of scientific and technological progress in the industry.
The digitalisation of industry is an urgent aspect to develop regional economic systems, which involves introducing state-of-the art information and communication technologies into the activities of enterprises. Digital transformation is accompanied by a corresponding transformation of the structure of interregional interactions, influencing the depth and degree of regional differentiation, as well as the competitiveness of individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In this article, the authors assess the impact of digitalisation on the development of regions of the Russian Federation by determining the depth of digital transformation and the unevenness of digitalisation processes among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the research is to study the digital transformation processes in a territorial context taking into account its impact on territorial differentiation and the cyclical nature of economic development. As a result of the research, the authors determined that in most constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the second stage of digital transformation is being implemented, while the country’s territory is highly differentiated in terms of digitalisation performance. The authors have proposed several possible scenarios for the implementation of digital transformation processes in Russian regions.
Digitalization has a global trend and has become a driver of competitiveness in the enterprise sector. The pandemic has forced governments and businesses around the globe to accelerate the transition to digital technologies. Due to those grand challenges, the labor market landscape and human resources policy priorities have undergone significant changes. New jobs, methods, and innovative practices have appeared under the influence of digitalization. In this research, we test how to apply large datasets of full-text documents (more than 1 million patents and Ph.D. theses) to find possible directions for transformation of working conditions and job-related changes. We have identified promising directions in terms of research and development and economy, which grew in 2020: agriculture machinery, pharmacology, diagnostic tools, logistics, and wireless technologies. Moreover, under those directions we have found some research and production centers, which we can consider potential producers and labour consumers. Russian federal and regional authorities might use results of our research to form personnel policies of regions and federal districts.
Research and development (R&D) involves not only researchers but also many other specialists from different areas. All of them solve a variety of tasks that require comprehensive information and analytical support. This chapter discusses the major tasks arising in R&D: study of the state of the art in a given research area, prospects assessment of research fields and forecasting their development, quality assessment of scientific publications including plagiarism detection, and automated examination of proposed R&D projects. A number of informational and analytical systems have been developed to address these tasks. The main goal of this chapter is to give a review of R&D support functions of well-known and widely-used search and analytical systems and discuss information retrieval methods behind these functions.
Simon Lewin and colleagues present a methodology for increasing transparency and confidence in qualitative research synthesis.
Information and meta-information related to national and international patents is a critical asset for every innovative company. The complexity of managing, searching, analyzing and relating such information to the needs of the company, in the different user tasks, is tackled by innovative knowledge management solutions, that aim at supporting the users in such daunting tasks. This paper aims at presenting a comprehensive and updated overview of patent information and of innovative solutions in patent informatics, in particular concerning intelligent and semantic solutions proposed in recent years. The analysis starts from the actual requirements of different types of users of patent information, and the typical information management tasks they require. Innovations, covering all the layers from data bases to algorithms to on-line services, are also critically presented and compared, and current research trends are outlined.
An essential part of the process to determine the value of advanced wells and fields is the explicit inclusion of the reliability of the various measurement sensors, in particular, and the data collection, transmission and analysis in general, when building the "Value Statement" to justify installation of intelligent wells. The desire for increased intelligence in the monitoring and control systems associated with Intelligent Well Technology (IWT) results in the deployment of more sophisticated and potentially accurate, downhole components of greater capabilities. However, these results in a more complex completion, which can be expected to exhibit a lower reliability than that shown by simpler system.
Ultimately, the greater number of more complex components may reduce the equipment reliability to such an extent that the increased chance of failure has reduced the "Value of Information" below that which can be derived from a simpler system. This paper uses a synthetic reservoir to explore and compare the value of extensive, accurate measurements with a higher chance of component or system failure (the "rich data" case) with the deployment of fewer and or lower resolution sensors of greater reliability (the "poor data" case).
The value associated with these two cases will be quantitatively compared in terms of a Risked Opportunity Loss. This comparison will illustrate how this workflow can be used to design cost-effective, well completions capable of Real Time Reservoir Management of an Oil or Gas field. The example chosen will also illustrate some of the drivers behind the choice of the optimum completion equipment.
The properties of thermoplastic polymers intended for decorative-structural, structural, and special applications are described.
These materials are in full compliance with the domestic (AP-25) and international (FAR-25) fire safety requirements.
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