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Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
PROVISIONAL LEXICOGRAPHY – BY LANGUAGE
Updated April 2019
Contents
Australian Aboriginal (various) ............................................................................................................... 4
Akkadian .................................................................................................................................................. 4
Alutiiq ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Albanian .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Afrikaans ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Aleut ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Amharic (አማርኛ) ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Arabic ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Armenian ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Balinese ................................................................................................................................................... 7
Basque ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Bengali ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Breton ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Boro ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Catalan .................................................................................................................................................... 8
Cherokee ................................................................................................................................................. 8
Chinese (Mandarin, unless specified otherwise) .................................................................................... 8
Chinook ................................................................................................................................................. 13
Creole .................................................................................................................................................... 13
Croatian ................................................................................................................................................. 14
Czech ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
Danish ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Dutch ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
Dayak ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
Egyptian (ancient) ................................................................................................................................. 17
English (old / new) ................................................................................................................................ 17
Estonian ................................................................................................................................................ 19
Fijian ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
Finnish ................................................................................................................................................... 19
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
French ................................................................................................................................................... 20
Gaelic..................................................................................................................................................... 24
Galician .................................................................................................................................................. 24
Georgian ................................................................................................................................................ 24
German ................................................................................................................................................. 25
Greek ..................................................................................................................................................... 31
Hausa .................................................................................................................................................... 38
Hawaiian ............................................................................................................................................... 38
Hebrew .................................................................................................................................................. 39
Hindi ...................................................................................................................................................... 42
Hopi ....................................................................................................................................................... 42
Hungarian .............................................................................................................................................. 42
Hunsrik (Brazil). ..................................................................................................................................... 42
Huron .................................................................................................................................................... 43
Icelandic ................................................................................................................................................ 43
Indonesian (Bahasa) .............................................................................................................................. 43
Inuit ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
Inuktitut ................................................................................................................................................ 44
Iñupiaq .................................................................................................................................................. 44
Iroquoian ............................................................................................................................................... 44
Italian .................................................................................................................................................... 45
Japanese ................................................................................................................................................ 46
Javanese ................................................................................................................................................ 50
Kiluba .................................................................................................................................................... 50
Kivila ...................................................................................................................................................... 50
Korean ................................................................................................................................................... 50
Lakota .................................................................................................................................................... 51
Latin....................................................................................................................................................... 51
Malay .................................................................................................................................................... 54
Malagasy ............................................................................................................................................... 54
..................................................................................................................................................... 54
Mongolian ............................................................................................................................................. 54
Mwotlap (Vanuata) ............................................................................................................................... 55
Norwegian ............................................................................................................................................. 55
Navaho .................................................................................................................................................. 56
Ngarluma ............................................................................................................................................... 56
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Old Norse .............................................................................................................................................. 56
Pashto ................................................................................................................................................... 56
Persian................................................................................................................................................... 57
Pintupi ................................................................................................................................................... 57
Pirahã (Brazil) ........................................................................................................................................ 57
Polynesian languages ............................................................................................................................ 57
Polish ..................................................................................................................................................... 57
Portuguese ............................................................................................................................................ 58
Quechua (Inca) ...................................................................................................................................... 59
Russian .................................................................................................................................................. 59
Sama ...................................................................................................................................................... 61
........................................................................................................................................ 61
Sardinian ............................................................................................................................................... 70
Scottish .................................................................................................................................................. 70
Serbian .................................................................................................................................................. 71
Serbo-Croatian ...................................................................................................................................... 71
Shilluk (Southern Sudan) ....................................................................................................................... 71
Sinhalese ............................................................................................................................................... 71
Slovenian ............................................................................................................................................... 71
Somali .................................................................................................................................................... 71
Spanish .................................................................................................................................................. 71
Swahili ................................................................................................................................................... 73
Swedish ................................................................................................................................................. 74
Tagalog .................................................................................................................................................. 75
Takuu ..................................................................................................................................................... 75
Tamil ...................................................................................................................................................... 76
Telegu .................................................................................................................................................... 76
Thai ........................................................................................................................................................ 76
Tibetan .................................................................................................................................................. 76
Tupi-Guarini family ............................................................................................................................... 77
Tshiluba ................................................................................................................................................. 77
Turkish ................................................................................................................................................... 77
Ukranian ................................................................................................................................................ 77
Urdu ...................................................................................................................................................... 77
Vietnamese ........................................................................................................................................... 78
Visayan (Phillipines) .............................................................................................................................. 78
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Welsh .................................................................................................................................................... 78
Yagán ..................................................................................................................................................... 78
Yiddish ................................................................................................................................................... 78
..................................................................................................................................................... 79
Yoruba ................................................................................................................................................... 79
Zulu ....................................................................................................................................................... 80
Australian Aboriginal (various)
Alcheringa (aka Aljerre-nge, Ülchurringa). Arrernte (aka -chuh-
ring-guh. A complex cultural-religious belief system, spanning all elements of life; sometimes
future).
Dadirri. Ngangiwumirr / n. / dd.ri / dah-dirrr-ee. A deep, spiritual act of reflective and respectful
listening.
Karriyolyolmen. Bininj Kunwok / v. / -ree-jol-jol-
or relate news.
Gemen. Kriol / part. / ge. / geh-men. A discourse marker to show that the speaker believes
something is imaginary, illusory, or hard to believe .
Mampemurruwurlmurruwurl. Murrinhpatha / v. / muwumuuwu / mahm-peh-muhru-
wil-muhru-ul.
Akkadian
Enkidu (). p. / -kee-doo. Lit. Enkis (a Sumerian God) creation; a wild, mythological
figure, emblematic of nature, in the Epic of Gilgamesh; friend of the main protagonist, his death
teaches Gilgamesh about mortality.
Alutiiq
Imasuugtua. phrase / m.k.tu-ah-shook-too-ah. I am sad. Lit. I am searching for my imaq
(sea, ocean; a liquid contained inside; contents).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Albanian
Besa. n. / be.sæ / bay-sah. An inviolable promise; a word of honour; to keep an oath.
Afrikaans
Dwaal. n. / dw-minded state.
Fluks. adj. / flks / fluhks. Hard-working, industrious; diligent, careful; deft, skilled.
Lus. n. / ls / looss. Desire, craving; greed; fancy, cupidity; inclination, tendency.
Sterkte. n., injuction / strk.t / steyrk-
wishing someone well in an endeavour.
Aleut
Qanglaagix. p. / -glah-ghikh / aka Tulukaruq (Yup'ik). The Raven, mythological
figure of the Inuit, Aleut and Yupik peoples; not a creator deity per se, but a figure who guides the
Amharic (አማርኛ)
Tizita (ትዝታ). n. -zee-tuh. A bittersweet remembrance and longing for a time, person,
thing gone by.
Yilugnta (ይሉኝታ). Amharic / n. / j.l-lun-ytuh. A feeling of obligation to consider and defer
to the opinion of others (in a positive way).
Arabic
/ -sah-bee-yah. Solidarity; group feeling; group consciousness.
-meer. Conscience; inner self; heart; soul.
Dhikr (
). n. / . / zthi-krr. Lit. remembrance; devout contemplation; worship, particularly in
the Sufi tradition (often involving music, singing, and dance).
j / dun-yaa. Lit. closer or lower; the temporal world (in contrast to
(), the afterlife); earthly concerns, delights, and possessions.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Eshra (
). n. / .ræ / esh-rah. Connectedness and obligations arising from people having known
each other a long time and/or from shared experiences.
n / fuh-nar. Annihilation, destruction; e.g., used in Sufism to describe the
f.træ / fih-trah. Disposition; nature; instinct; used in religious discourse to describe
an innate purity and closeness to God.
Halal (). n. / hl / huh-lahl. Allowed, permissible; in accordance with Islamic law (especially
relating to food).
In sha' Allah
n-shall-ah. God willing ('may Allah wish it'), a hopeful wish.
k / ishk. Fervent, true, all-consuming love.
Islam (). n. / sl / iss-lahm. Many meanings, including surrender, peace; the religion of
Muslims.
Kayf (
). n. / kef / kayf. Pleasure, satisfaction; wellbeing; humour; mood; will.
(often with an implication of liberation/deliverance as a result).
.k.b / mooh-reuh-kuh-buh. Watchful attention; vigilance;
wakefulness; used for a form of Sufi meditation.
(نآرق). n. / k|-ahn / aka Koran. Lit. recitation; the sacred scripture of Islam.
Sadaqah (). n. / / suh-duh-kuh. Lit. justice, righteousness; generosity/charity
(mandated by justice); required righteous giving.
-lahm. Peace, harmony, wholeness, prosperity, welfare and
tranquillity; used also as a greeting/parting salutation.
As-
-sah-lah-mu kha-lay-koom. Lit. peace
be upon you; a standard form of greeting.
spring or fountain in
paradise.
Sama (
). nsah-mah. Lit. listening; devout contemplation; worship, particularly in the
Sufi tradition (often involving music, singing, and dance).
sah-mahrr. To sit together in conversation at sunset/ in the evening.
ifr (). n. / sfr / sif-rr. Void; empty place; zero, cypher; possibly adaptation of Sanskrit
-mood. Steadfastness; perseverance; a determined struggle to
persist.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
takh-rah-deen. A win-wina positive agreement, solution,
compromise.
Ta'ala (). v. / tl / tuh-ahlla. To transcend; to have divine superiority; to rise above; to tower
above; to disdain; to be far above; also, to ask someone to come over.
tah-rrb. Musically-induced ecstasy or enchantment.
-bee-yuh. Education; development; training; can refer to on-going
moral and spiritual development.
Taawwuf (). n. / tsaf / tuh-souwf. Lit. one who wears wool; Arabic name for a mystical,
esoteric branch of Islam.
Armenian
Apres (ապրես). int. / ahp-rez. Lit. live long
Janid mernem (ջանիդ մեռնեմ-nit mer-n
Tsavd danem (Ցավդ տանեմ)-
used in various ways to position the speaker as interested in / caring about the other.
Balinese
m-may. A lively and/or boisterous social occasion; an event that is both chaotic
and joyful.
Basque
Gaupasa. n. / a / gao-pasha. Lit. to spend the night, or all-nightere.g., o spend the night
partying and to arrive home at dawn.
Jatorra. Adj. / xt-torr-ah. Genuine, nice, trustful, truthful, agreeable.
Poteo. n. / pte. / puh-tay-oh. T
measures of wine or beer).
Sirimiri. Basque / n. / si.i / sih-ree-mih-ree. A very light mist of rain (that is often long-lasting).
Tiki taka. n. / t.k tæ.kæ / tih-kee tah-kah. Taking quick, light steps; a style of football based on
retaining possession by using intricate sequences of short passes.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Bengali
Abhisar (অভিসার). n. / -hih-shaar. Lit. 'going towards'; a meeting (often secret)
between lovers / partners.
Nyaka (যাকা). adj. / na.jæ.k / niy-ah-kuh. Coy, coquettish; feigning ignorance (often used
pejoratively).
Breton
Startijenn. n. / / start-ih-zjen. A kickstart/boost of energy; also denotes perseverance.
Boro
Onsay. v. / n.se / uhn-say. To pretend to love.
Onsra. v. / ns.ruhns-rah. To love for the last time; the feeling that love w
Catalan
Enraonar. v. / -ra-oh-na. To discuss in a civilised, reasoned manner.
-keeled
judiciousness; insight, awareness, and integrity.
Cherokee
Gadugi. n. / gæ / gah-doo-gee. Cooperative labour; working together for the common good.
Chinese (Mandarin, unless specified otherwise)
Bái lù (白露). n. / bth solar term in the Chinese lunisolar calendar
(dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 8th September.
悲喜交集). n. / be.-shee-jeeow-jee. Intermingled feelings of sadness
and joy.
Chán (禪). n. / dhyāna/jhana.
Ching (經). n. / ching / aka
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
(處暑). n. / u: / choo shoo. Heat withdraws; 14th solar term in the Chinese lunisolar
calendar (dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 23rd August.
(春分). n. / n fn / choon fn. Spring centre; vernal equinox; 4th solar term in the
Chinese lunisolar calendar (dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 21st March.
(春节). n. / n / choon jeah. Spring festival; Chinese new year.
Dà (大暑). n. / dæ / dah shoo. Great heat; 12th solar term in the Chinese lunisolar calendar
(dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 23rd July.
丹田). n. / dæn.n / dan tee-en. Lit. energy centre; places in the body that are believed
to be significant in the flow of qi; focal points for meditative exercises n (恩). n. / oral
indebtedness; duty, obligation.
Dòu zhì (斗志). n. / d / doh jrr. Fighting spirit; the will and motivation to fight; a battle of wits.
n (恩). Chinese / n. / oral indebtedness; duty, obligation; repayment of a favour.
qì (发氣). v. / fæ
expressing anger.
n / fang shin. Lit. to put, place, release, set free (fang
feel reassured/relieved; to be at ease.
(風水). n. / f-ay. Lit. wind-watera philosophy of space and spatial
arrangements (e.g., in relation to the flow of qì).
(風韻). n. / f n / fung yoo-en. Charm; grace; elegant bearing.
功夫-foo. Lit. work/achievement (by a person); refers generically to
acquisition of a skill (particularly if it takes time and effort); more recent usage reserves it specifically
for martial arts.
(工合). v. / g / gong-hur. Lit. work together; the basis for the anglicised term gung-ho.
(穀雨6th solar term in the Chinese lunisolar calendar
(dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 20th April.
關係-shee. Cultivating relationships; reciprocal connections;
networking; social karma.
(過癮). n. / k / kwor-yi-in. Satisfaction of a craving; a highly pleasurable and
enjoyable experience.
J (激情). n. / or sexual
sense).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
加油). phrase / i.a / jee-ah yoo. Lit. to refuel, to add fuel; an expression of
encoura
Jié qì (節氣). n. / tjeah
Jìn qû (进取). adj. / u / jin choo. Proactive; ambitious; constantly progressing; forging ahead.
驚輸). n. / -shoo / aka kiasu (Hokkien). Fear of losing or missing out (FOMO);
can denote a selfish, grasping attitude.
J zhé (驚蟄). n. / / jing cherr. Insects awaken3rd solar term in the Chinese lunisolar
calendar (dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 6th March.
K开心). adj. / ka happy (specifically, relatively
brief or momentary hedonic forms of happiness).
靠譜). adj. / ka.pu. / kow-pooor. Reliable, responsible; able to do things without causing
problems.
Kuài lè (快乐). n. / -ler. Lit. fast/quick (kuài) cheer/joy (lè); pleasure/satisfaction;
hedonic happiness.
i (苦去甘來). phrase / t / koo-choo-gan-lye. Lit. go from pain, come
towards sweetness. Happiness or relief after going through trying times.
樂極生悲). phrase / l / ler-jee-sheng-bay
sadness; intense joy begets sorrow; after a peak of happiness, unhappiness inevitably follows.
理-e. Law, order, rational principle; often used particularly with respect to the
organic order found in nature (e.g., a flower as a systematic, cohesive organism).
禮). n. / -e. Etiquette, decorum, ceremony, custom, propriety.
立春). n. / 1st solar term in the Chinese lunisolar calendar
(dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 4th February.
立秋). n. / / lee chee-oo. Autumn begins; 13th solar term in the Chinese lunisolar
calendar (dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 8th August.
Lì xià (立夏). n. / li: -th solar term in the Chinese lunisolar
calendar (dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 6th May.
Máng zhòng. n. / m / mang chong. Corn on the ear9th solar term in the Chinese lunisolar
calendar (dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 6th June.
Pàn tóu (盼头). n. / pæn / pan too. Confident hope; something hoped for that is likely to happen;
something to look forward to; good prospects.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Qì (氣
Qì chang (氣場). n. / / chee chang. Energy field (e.g., between/surrounding multiple
people).
氣功). n. / -
body and mind; cultivating qi as a way to improve health, and as a way of self-defence.
Qì zhì (氣质). n. / t / chee jrr. Quality of character, disposition, style, charm, attractiveness,
magnetism.
míng (清明). n. / ti mi th solar term in the Chinese
lunisolar calendar (dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 5th April.
(秋分). n. / ti fn / chee-oo fn. Autumn centre; autumn equinox; 16th solar term in the
Chinese lunisolar calendar (dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 23rd September.
Rè ài (热爱). v. / a / ree ay. To love ardently and passionately, usually in a non-romantic way (e.g.,
being passionate about work); to adore.
Rén (仁). n. / n / ren. Humanity, benevolence; the positive feeling enjoyed by a virtuous person
through altruistic behaviour.
Rè nào (熱鬧). adj. / / rerr-now. Lively; boisterous; bustling with noise and excitement.
(散心-shin. Lit. to loosen the heart; to drive away one's cares; relieve
boredom; ease up; enjoy a diversion; be carefree.
审美疲劳). n. / p-may pee-lao. Aesthetically fatigued; exposure to
so much beauty that one ceases to appreciate it.
Shù (恕). n., v. /
山水.e / shan shoo-ay. Lit. mountain-water; a style of Chinese painting that
focuses on natural landscapes and phenomena.
Shê dé (舍得). phrase / / shur dur. To be willing and/or able to part with something or let
go.
Shì (勢). n. / / shee. Power, force; tendency; situation; developing a favourable situation with
.
Shuâng (爽). adj. / / shoo-ung. To feel well; bright; pleasurable; crisp; frank; invigorating;
straight-forward.
思维). n. /
Tai (太). n. / / ty. Great, greatest, supreme, ultimate.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Tài-jí [Tai chi] (太極). n. / -chee. Lit. supreme/ultimate force/energy; a form of martial art
involving slow, deliberative movements.
Tao (道). n. / / t/d-ao. All-powerful and pervasive power, path or way; the unfolding dynamic
process of reality itself.
Te (德). n. / tVirtue; morality; integrity; inner power.
天命). n. / -an ming. Lit. heaven decree; mandate of heaven; the bestowal
upon a leader of a mandate to govern/rule (granted by the heavens, i.e., the cosmos).
聽天悠命). phrase / t.m / ting-teean-yoh-ming. Lit. to listen to life;
to submit to the will of heaven; to resign oneself to fate; to trust in luck.
Wú (無). n. / / woo. Negative, void, nothingness, non-being; can imply 'neither yes nor no'.
Wú jí (無極). n. / / woo chjee. Lit. without highest point, utmost point, ridgepole; ultimate,
boundless, limitless; the primodial universe; original nature.
Wú xin (無心). n. / woo -
occupied by thought or emotion.
Wú wéi (無為): to
effortless.
Xiá (霞). n. / -ah. Rosy clouds at sunrise or sunset.
Xià zhì (夏至). n. / / shee-ah jrr. Summer maximumsummer solstice; 10th solar term in the
Chinese lunisolar calendar (dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 21st June.
Xiào (孝). n. / i.a /shee-aow. Filial piety; family reverence.
(小滿). n. / i.a m-aow th solar term in the
Chinese lunisolar calendar (dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 21st May.
(小暑). n. / i.a -aow shoo. Moderate heat; 11th solar term in the Chinese
lunisolar calendar (dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 7th July.
(心). n. / n / shin. Heart and mind (and even spirit) combined.
Xìn (信). n. / n / shin. Truth/truthfulness; sincerity; trust/trustworthiness.
Xìng fú (幸福). n. / fshing-fuu. Fortunate (xìng) blessing (fú); contentment; deep happiness;
blessedness.
辛苦). n. / -koo. Appreciation and recognition for others and their efforts.
欣慰). adj. / n we / shin way. Lit. happy, joyous (ed (wèi);
delighted; gratified.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Xíng qì (行氣). v. / tolitionally (e.g., mentally) circulating or directing qi.
X心平氣和). phrase / / shin-ping-chee-hrr. Lit. even heart, harmonious
spirit; tranquil composure.
(心如止水). phrase / / shin-roo-jrr-shway. Lit. a mind like still water;
tranquillity; to be at peace with oneself.
修煉 -oo lee-en. Spiritual training; self-cultivation; practising asceticism
or austerities.
Yì (義). n. / j / ee. Duty; justice; a moral disposition towards goodness.
yáng (陰陽). n. / -yung. Cloud/cloudy (sun/sunlit (Yang); holistic duality;
dialectical (co-dependent) opposites.
雨水). Chinese / n. / -nd solar
term in the Chinese lunisolar calendar (dividing the year into 24 segments), beginning around 19th
February.
Yuán bèi (圓備). n. / jun.be / yoo-en-bey. Preparation completed; being reunited; full recovery,
especially of the physical body; a sense of complete accomplishment.
Yuán fèn (緣分). n. / jun / yoo-en-fen. A relationship ordained by fate/destiny; natural affinity
or chemistry.
Yuán man (圆满). adj. / -en man. Perfect; satisfactory; complete closure; a happy
ending.
Wú wéi (無爲). n. / we / woo way. Lit. non-action or non-doing; natural, spontaneous,
effortless action; aligning with the Tao.
Zhì (智). n. / Wisdom, perspicacity, knowledge.
zìrán zìzài (自然自在). phrase / zræn zza / zrr-ran zr-ziy. Lit. spontaneous, natural (zìrán) ease,
comfort, freedom, unrestraint (zìzài); effortless grace and ease.
Chinook
Potlatch. n. / p / pot-lach. Lit. to give, or gift; a ceremonial feast in which possessions are
given away (e.g., to enhance one's prestige).
Creole
Bazodee. Trinidad and Tobago / n. / b-zoe-dee. Euphoric confusion; dizzy/dazed
happiness.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Lagniappe. New Orleans -yap. a small gift given with a purchase to a customer, by
way of thanks, compliment, or for good measure; a gratuity or tip; an unexpected gift or benefit.
Mojo. Gullah / n. / m. / mow-joe. Lit. witchcraft; a magic charm or spell; sex drive/appeal;
personal magnetism or charm.
Tabanca. Trinidad and Tobago / n. / tæ.bæ.kæ / tah-bah-kah. Love-sickness (e.g., after being left by a
Croatian
Fjaka. n. / fjâ.ka / fyah-kah. R
Czech
-niyee. Great, perfect, exquisite, first-class.
-dnah baa-seniy. Lit. 'one poem'. Praise, admiration for
exceptional quality (esp. with regard to food), for something that gives a pleasant impression, or
works exceptionally well.
-soh-smut-niyeh-niyee. Beautiful sadness; joyful blues.
-boo-zhoh. Satisfaction; a favourable situation; enjoying or savouring
Leháro. n. / / leh-haa-rroh. Lit. 'lie-down'. A state of few responsibilities and little work;
living a good and pleasant life in a sweet and comfortable idleness.
me-lis-koh-vat-seh. To kiss, hug, fondle; related to the Slavic god of
love, Milek.
oplod-niyoh-vaak. A slow, erotic dance; the word itself relates to
impregnation.
Pábit. v. / t s / paa-bit-seh To captivate people
passionate fascination with something).
Pohoda. n. / po.o.da / poh-hoh-dah. A state of wellbeing, peace, happiness; favourable conditions
(e.g., weather).
Rochnit. v. / rox.t s / rokh-niyit-sih. Going through things; revelling in something. Refers to the
way a pig rummages through things.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
u.at / uniyuh-hniyat. To (want to) smother or crush by cuddling or fondling;
to shower somebody with boundless love.
Veget. n. / v.gt / veh-get. A state of idleness; plain living; undisturbed rest; free time.
Vískat. -
vih-baf-
-vloh-vat. To stare idly and curiously; to loiter, hang around; from older
word zevel (a person staring with mouth open wide).
Danish
Angst. n. / kst. Some combination of anxiety, alarm fear, dread and gloom; a prominent
emotional state in existentialist philosophy.
Arbejdsglæde. ar-bides-glil. Lit. work gladness/joy; pleasure/satisfaction derived
from work.
-ki-lee. Folkish; belonging to the people; democratic national
spirit/sentiment; having broad popular appeal.
Hygge. n. / hhhoo-guh. A deep sense of place, warmth, friendship, and contentment. As an
adjective (hyggelig): enjoyable, warm, friendly, pleasant.
Hyggekrog. n. / h / hhoo-guh/khrow. Lit. hygge-corner; a cozy nook in a room where
one can feel hygge.
Janteloven. n. / janlon / yan-deh-low-ven. Lit. the Laws of Jante(a fictional community in a
novel by Aksel Sandemose); a set of rules which discourages individualism in communities.
Kæk. adj. / kk / kek. Spirited, bold, cheeky, cocky.
morn--
night's sleep.
Overskud. n. / wsgud / oh-wuhs-good. Extra/excess energy; do have sufficient resources to do
something; profit (in an economic context).
Pyt. int. /
Dutch
b.nn.prt. / bih-nuhn-preyt-
that is secret, or enjoyed by you alone.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Borrel. n. / bl / bohr-uhl. Party, revelry; reception, meeting; get-together.
Deftig. adj. / df.t-tukh. Dignified, ceremonious, formal, genteel.
neng-uhl-uhn-kher-dult. Angelic patience (i.e., great patience).
Feestvarken. n. / fest.v.kn / fayst-var-ken. Lit. party pig; someone in whose honour a party is
thrown.
Gezellig. adj. / zl. / khe-zell-ikh): cosy, warm, intimate, enjoyable; often a shared experience
(with close others).
Gunnen. v. / khun-un. To think that someone deserves something (good); to feel happy for
them getting it.
Luchtkasteel. n. / .stl / lookht-kuh-still. L
r / meer-uh-noer--cker; someone who
takes pleasure in, or obsesses over, seemingly small or trivial details.
Niksen. v. / n / nik-sn. g); to do nothing; being or doing
without purpose; idling, loafing.
-duh-moh-del. From polder (a piece of land); consensus-based
decision making. As a verb (polderen): to solve problems using dialogue.
Pretoogjes. n. / prt / pret-oh-yeess. Lit. 'fun eyes'; the twinkling eyes of someone engaging in
benign mischief or fun.
Lekker. adj. / l.kr / leh-ker. Tasty (food); relaxed, comfortable; pleasurable; sexy.
Sterkte. n., injuction / strk.t / steyrk-
wishing someone well in an endeavour.
oat-ber-ghen. Lit. 'outbellying'; to relax satiated between courses or
after a meal.
va.n / oat-vye-en. Lit out-windy; to walk in the wind; to go out into nature
(perhaps to clear one's head).
Weemoed. n. / -moot. Lit. sadness, woe (wee) courage, daring, mood (moed); soft
mood; light melancholy; having the strength to overcome a feeling of sorrow (e.g., arising in relation
to nostalgia).
Dayak
Ngarong. n. / r-gah-rawng. Spirit guide or protector (sometimes but not always an
ancestor); dream helper; a guide who appears in a dream or vision (e.g., providing a solution to a
problem).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Egyptian (ancient)
Akh (
and ka.
Ba (). n. / bæ / bah. Personality; everything that makes an individual unique; one of five parts of
the soul in Egyptian thought.
Ib. n. / eart (physical and metaphysical); the seat of emotion, thought, will and intention;
one of five parts of the soul in Egyptian thought.
Ka (). n. / kæ / kah. Vital essence; that which separates a living being from a dead one; one of five
parts of the soul in Egyptian thought.
Maat (). n. / m
ancient Egypt; personified as a goddess (daughter of sun God Ra).
Ren (rn). n. / rn / rn. Name (given at birth); person believed to live as long as that name was
spoken; one of five parts of the soul in Egyptian thought.
Sheut (). n. / wt / shwet. Shadow, silhouette; the ever-present shadow of death; one of five
parts of the soul in Egyptian thought.
English (old / new)
Ambedo. n. / æm / am-bee-doh. A melancholic trance involving absorption in vivid sensory
details; coined by John Koenig.
Chrysalism. n. / krs..lsm / kriss-uh-lissm. The amniotic tranquility of being indoors during a
thunderstorm; coined by John Koenig.
Degrassé. n. / d.græs.e / duh-grass-eh. Entranced and unsettled by the vastness of the universe;
coined by John Koenig.
Deliciate. v. / d.ls.et / duh-liss-ee-ayt. Luxuriating, revelling in intense pleasure.
-kah-tah-stoh-fee. A sudden, favourable resolution of
events; a happy ending. Coined by J. R. R. Tolkien.
Grok. v. / grk / grok. Complete empathy and understanding; to understand someone or something
thoroughly that observer becomes part of the observed; coined by Robert H Heinlein.
e-lon. Combining holos (all, whole) with on (denoting a part), reflecting the
idea that everything is simultaneously a whole and a part; coined by Arthur Koestler.
Hwæt. int. / hwæt / hwat. Hark; listen; hear me.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Kayfabe. n. / kefeb / kay-
professional wrestling).
Kenopsia. n. / knp. / ken-op-see-uh. From the Greek roots kenosis (emptiness) and opsia
(seeing); appraising the lack or absence of something (especially people); the strange eerieness of
empty or abandoned places; coined by John Koenig.
Klexos. n. / klks.s / klek-sohss. The art of dwelling on the past; coined by John Koenig.
Lutalica. English (new) / n. / æ.l.k-tah-lik-ah. The part of your identity that doesn't fit into
categories; coined by John Koenig.
Montivagant. adj., n. / mn.ti.v.-tiv-a-gnt. Wandering over mountains or hills (as adj.);
one who wanders so (n.).
Nodus Tollens. n. / n.dtl.ns / no-dus toll-uns. From the Latin roots nodus (a knot) and
tollens (to remove or lift up); the feeling that your life doesn't make narrative sense, or fit into a neat
story; coined by John Koenig.
Novaturient. adj. / n.v.tj.rnt / noh-vah-tyuur-ient. Latinate, meaning the desiring or seeking
Opia. n. / .p / oh-pee-ah. The ambiguous intensity of eye-contact; coined by John Koenig.
Petrichor. n. / ptrk / pet-rih-kor. From the Greek stems petro/a (stone/rock) and ichor (fluid;
watery discharge); the earthy scent produced when rain falls on dry soil; coined by Isabel Joy Bear
and Richard Thomas.
sah-wol. Soul; immortal principle; possibly from the Proto-Germanic saiwala
-kooth. Rare, strange, marvellous, wondrous.
Semaphorism. n. / s-ah-fur-ism. An enigmatic, conversational hint that you
have something personal to say on a subject; coined by John Koenig.
Socha. n. / s.-khah. The hidden vulnerability of others
invulnerability arising from their distance from ourselves; coined by John Koenig.
Sonder. n. / snd / son-duh. Possibly from the French verb sonder (to probe) and/or the German
adjective Sonder (special); the realization that everyone has a life as vivid and complex as your own,
own lack of awareness of these); coined by John Koenig.
Strikhedonia. n. / strk.hd-he-doh-nee-uh. L
Uns. pron. / / unz. A grammatical term expressing first person plural, but which only applies to
two people, and only to people who have an intense connection.
Wassail. int., n. / w.sel / wah-sayl. Salutation meaning or (from from Old
Norse ves heill).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
e. Social, political awareness; actively aware of systematic prejudice and
injustice; prominence attributed to Erykah Badu.
Schmerz (pain, woe); the exhilarating dread of finally pursuing a lifelong dream; coined by John
Koenig.
Estonian
Viitsimine. -sih-mih-nay. To not want to do something.
Fijian
Talanoa. v. / tl / tuh-luh-nor-uh. To tell stories; to chat or gossip (in ways that can serve as a
Finnish
Jaksaa. v. / jyak-sah. To have energy, enthusiasm, and spirit (e.g., for a task).
.t.ts / hoop-uh-tuer-nee-tuerd-uh-tiss. Bouncy cushion
satisfaction; the relaxing feeling of sitting down in a comfortable chair.
-sah-ree-kah-nee. Lit. underpants intoxication; getting drunk
at home, often underdressed and/or alone.
Maadoittuminen. v. / m-doi-too-min-en. Grounding, earthing; rooting oneself
in nature.
Morkkis. n. / m moral or psychological hangover; post-hoc embarrassment or shame
might have done).
Myötähäpeä. n. / .hæ.pe. / moo-er-tuh-hah-pay-uh. Vicarious embarrassment, shame; a
cringing feeling.
-skee-ah. To have the heart, courage to do something.
Sisu. n. / si.su / si-su. Extraordinary determination/courage, especially in the face of adversity.
-koort / aka talko (Swedish). A collectively pursued or undertaken task;
voluntary community work.
-yet-uh. To be able to withstand the cold (and function effectively).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Vilukissa. n. / vl:.ki / vill-luh-kisss-uh. Lit. cold cat, or chilly cat; a person who is sensitive to, and
easily feels, the cold.
French
-drwa. Lit. according to right; skilled, resourceful; dexterous.
Amateur. n. / a.m-mah-
Amour de soi. n. / am sw / a-moor-de-swuh. Lit. 'love of oneself'; self-esteem that is not
contingent on others' judgement.
-moor-foo. Mad/crazy/foolish love.
Amour propre. n. / am-moor-prrop-ruh. Lit. 'self-love'; self-esteem that is contingent
on others' judgement.
-per-ree-teef. A drink taken before dinner (and the social occasion
involving this).
S'apprivoiser. v. / svwaze / s-a-prre-vwa-zay. Lit, 'to tame'; in the context of a relationship can
describe a mutual process of each side learning to trust/accept the other.
-ree-veest. An ambitious social-climber or go-getter (with connotations of
ruthlessness).
Avant-garde. n. / a.v-von-gaard. Lit. fore-guard, vanguard, advance-guard; phenomena
(e.g., people, artworks, ideas) that are unorthodox, experimental, radical.
-rohk. Lit. irregular (possibly from Portuguese barroco, meaning
ornamentation.
Béatitude. n. / -at-it-ude. Supreme happiness; a state of blessedness.
Be
meaningless).
Bon appétit. int. / b apeti / bon app-et-ee. Lit. good appetite; enjoy your meal.
Bon vivant. n. / b viv / boh vih-voh. Someone who enjoys and appreciates the good life.
Bon voyage. int. / b -arje. Lit. good voyage; enjoy your travels; wishing a safe and
enjoyable journey.
-koh-laazge. DIY; a makeshift job; construction of something achieved
by using whatever comes to hand.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
-poe-tay. Lit. to overturn or derail; can be used in a positive way
to express delight or ecstasy; can also be used in negative contexts to imply feeling overwhelmed
and/or at a loss.
/ kaart-bloh. Lit. white cardbeing granted or invested with power,
authority to do as one wishes.
Chic. adj. / legant, stylish, fashionable.
Cocagne. n. / k.k-ang / aka Cockaigne (English). A mythical land of ease and plenty
(etymology uncertain).
Complicité. n. / k.pli.si.te / koh-plih-sih-tey. Complicity (e.g., before the law); also, a tacit
understanding that no longer needs to be explicitly articulated (e.g., in the context of long-term
relationships).
-nay-
in English.
Coup. n. / ku / koo. Lit. strike; a well-executed manoeuvre; a sudden tactical victory.
French / k / coo de coo-er. Lit. a bolt of the heart; a crush, infatuation;
to fall in love; to fall for something; to make a deep connection (not necessarily romantic).
-de-foo-druh. Lit. a 'lightning bolt', sudden and powerful love
at first sight.
Dada. n. / da.da / da-da. Lit. hobby-horse; also, meaningless babble; an avant-garde art movement,
concerned with rejecting logic, rationality, and modern conventions, aesthetics, and ideologies.
-bon-ayr. Charming, well-mannered; suave, smooth; easy-going.
Débrouillard. adj., n. / de.bu.ja / deh-brroo-yah. Resourceful; skilled at adapting to any situation; a
resourceful person who can act independently or cope with any development (n.).
Se déhanc-hon-shay. To sway or wiggle one's hips (e.g., while dancing).
Dépayser. v. / de.pei.ze / deh-pay-zay. Disorientation; not necessarily unpleasant (e.g., a pleasant
sense of strangeness from being in a foreign country).
Don de soi. n. / d d swa / doh duh swah. Giving/donating oneself; self-sacrifice; altruism.
Différance. n. / di.fe.s / dih-fer-ahs. Difference and deferral of meaning; coined by Derrida in
relation to his philosophy of deconstruction.
Élan. n. / / ay-loh. Lit. spring, bound, dart; spirit, enthusiasm; style, grace; flash, panache.
En plein air. phrase / -plen-ayrr. Outdoors; in the open air.
Sentendre. v. / s.t-toh-drruh. Lit. to hear one another or oneself; to agree; to
understand; to get on.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
lspi d lskal.je / less-prree-duh-less-kal-ee-ay. Lit. staircase wit (cf.
Treppenwitz); a witty and/or incisive rejoinder that comes to mind just after an interaction.
Flâner. v. / fl-nay. Leisurely strolling (e.g., through the streets). As noun (Flâneur): one who
strolls (e.g., to experience the city).
-moose. A sweet/cute little face.
/ frree-soh. A sudden feeling of thrill, combining fear and excitement.
Gourmand. adj. / / goor-mohn. A person who appreciates and/or consumes good food and
drink; possible connotations of greed or gluttony.
/ goor-mehy. A person who appreciates and/or is knowledgable about good
food and drink; more refined implications than gourmand.
-zy. Lit. greyness, or dullness; a monochromatic art technique, involving
use of a single colour (especially grey), often to generate a three-dimensional effect.
Haute izin / oh-kwee-zeen. Lit. high cooking; fine dining (e.g., involving rare and/or
expensive ingredients, eaten in exclusive establishments).
Idée fixe. n. / ide.fiks / ee-day-feex. Lit. fixed idea; a fixation; an idea that dominates or preoccupies
the mind (including despite attempt to modify it).
Je ne sais quoi. phrase / n se kwar
that is indefinable, ineffable, or hard to express.
Joie de vivre. n. / w / jwa-de-vee-vruh. Joy of living / for life; exuberance, ebullience;
zest for life, the knack of knowing how to live.
Jouissance. n. / wi.ss / szh-wee-sonse. Physical or intellectual pleasure, delight, or ecstasy; an
orgasm.
Laissez-faire. n. / lese f-say fare. The tendency or willingness to leave things to take their own
course, without interfering.
Mot juste. n. / mo yst / moh szhoost. Lit. just or fair word; the exactly right word or phrasing.
Noblesse oblige. phrase / nb.ls .bli / noh-bless ob-leejz. Lit. nobility obligates; that whoever
claims to be noble must act nobly; that social or economic standing does not only confer privileges,
but also responsibilities (e.g., to look after those less fortunate).
Nombrilisme. n. / n/ noh-bree-leezm, Lit. bellybuttonismor navel-gazing; self-
centredness, self-absorption; egoism.
-nash. Lit. plume (e.g., on a helmet); a stylish, original, confident, even
flamboyant way doing things.
-rrol. Word, speech, promise, oath.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
-sher-shay. Rare, exotic, unusual; not understood or appreciated by
many people.
Renaissance. n. / ().n.ss / ruh-nay-sohs. Lit. rebirth or revival; a period of European history,
usually dated between the 14th and 17th centuries, driven by the rediscovery of Classical works, and
associated with great humanistic art and philosophy.
-trroo-vy. Lit. 'rediscovery'; a reunion (e.g., with loved ones after a
long time apart).
Rococo. n., adj. / rroh-koh-koh. Adapted from rocaille, meaning shell-work or pebble-work;
whimsical and/or elaboratively decorative forms of art.
Salon. n. / sal / sall-ohh. Lit. lounge or sitting room; cultural events or groupings, usually devoted to
literature and art, and often run by a female host.
Savoir-.-wah-et-ruh. Lit. knowing how to be; knowing how to be and
carry oneself; 'soft' or interpersonal skills.
Savoir-/ sav-wah-fare. Lit. knowing how to do; the ability to behave in a correct
and confident way in different situations.
Savoir--wah-veev-
or refined way); being familiar with norms and customs.
Soirée. -rray. A relatively cultured evening party, often centred around music or
conversation
Taizé. French / n. / t.ze / teh-zay. Contemplative Christian worship practiced by the ecumenical
Taizé community in France (characterised by music and/or singing, interspersed with readings,
prayers, and silence).
-wahr. Lit. earth or soil; the natural ecosystem/environment in which a
product is grown, and the qualities imbued within the project as a result.
Touch-shay. Lit. to touch (past part.), used to acknowledge a hit in fencing;
acknowledgement of a good point being made (e.g., by an interlocutor in an argument).
Trompe-. n. / the eye; visual illusion in art (especially regarding
tricking the eye into perceiving three dimensions).
Trouvaille. n. / tu.vaj / tkhroo-vay. A lucky find; something good/valuable discovered by chance.
Vague à l'âme. n., adj.. / væg -lahm. Lit. vague soul, spirit; vague melancholy; soul
discomfort; gentle, wistful sadness.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Gaelic
'-hoosh-luh. Lit. my pulse; my beloved, my darling. Someone who is
so close and loved they are like your pulse. A chuisle is used when speaking directly to them; mo
chuisle is used when referring to them.
Anam cara. Irish / n. / æn.æm kæ.r / ah-nam cah-ra. Soul friend; a deep, heartfelt friendship (often
with a spiritual dimension).
Lá bealtaine. Irish / n. / bl.t.n / bell-tuh-n. The Gaelic May Day festival; the beginning of summer,
halfway between the Spring equinox and the Summer solstice.
Brabbag. Manx / n. / bræ.væg / brah-
in front of the fire.
Craic. Irish /
Dinnseanchas. Irish / n. / æ.n / din-shan-uh. Lore or story of places (e.g., origins of place
names); local legends and mythology; often involves acts of mythic/legendary figures.
Èit. Scottish /
in the moonlight, thereby attracting salmon).
Geis. Irish / n. /
which your life depends, or which defines your life.
:m:s / plaw-mawse. Flattery, ingratiation, sweet-nothings; can have the
implication of being hollow or insincere.
Suaimhneas croí. Irish / n. / s ki / siv-nyass kree. Lit. happy, peaceful relaxed (Suaimhneas)
heart, core (croí); happiness, contentment (e.g., in relation to finishing a task).
Tholtan. Manx / n. / l.tæn / tholl-tan. A ruined or abandoned building (often a house, cottage or
farm).
Galician
Morriña. n. / / moh-rreen-yah. Longing; homesickness; notalgia.
Georgian
Shemomechama (შემომეჭამა). v. / .m.m / sheh-moh-meh-djah-muh. To eat past the
point of satiety (e.g., due to enjoyment of the food).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
German
Achsenzeit. n. .tsait / ak-sen-tsiyt. Axis age, axial age; coined by Karl Jaspers to denote a key
period in human history, roughly from the 3rd to 8th Centuries BCE, characterised by the emergence
of new philosophical systems.
Anschauung. n. / -shao-ung. Sense perception; apprehension or immediate
perception.
tant / an-shtant. Decency, integrity; moral, modest and decorous behaviour.
Aufforderungscharakter. n. / 'a.f / ow-for-duh-roongz.kah-rak-tuh. Lit. demand
character or invitatio
Aufheben. v. / aorf-hee-bn. Sublimation; to raise up, to remove/suspend/repeal/set
aside, yet also paradoxically to preserve/keep.
Augenweide. German / n. / au / or-gen-vy-duh. A feast for the eyes; a beautiful,
stimulating, or enriching scene.
.zt.s-eye-nan-der-zet-sung. Discussion, debate,
analysis; grappling with, facing up to (e.g., the past); deconstruction or disaggregation (e.g., in order
to better understand something).
Bauhaus. n. / ba.has / bow-house. Lit. construction-house, or school of building; a German
modernist school of art, concerned with creating Gesamtkunstwerk (total works of art).
-rooff. Trade, job, occupation. Berufung: vocation, calling, religious calling.
Beschaulich. adj., adv. / baulç / beh-shao-lish. Quiet, pensive; living a simple life; pleasantly
contemplative, unhurried in a fashion that inspires mental well-being.
Bettmümpfeli. n. / bt.mli / bet-moom-fooli. Bedtime snack.
bill-doong. Education, formation, acculturation, cultivation, development.
Bi. / bill-doongs roe-mahn. A coming-of-age story; a narrative of
education/formation.
Blueschtfaehrtli. n. / t.fe-fairt-lee. Lit. little blossom drive; going for a leisurely
jaunt in the car to admire the spring blossoms.
; to enjoy being naked.
-behaved.
Das man. n. / das man / dass man. Lit. they-
Dasein. v. / -zine. L
capturing the sense that people always exist in a context (e.g., in a world and in a certain mood).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
-maal. Lit. think-sign or -mark; monument, memorial.
n.-en-maal. Lit. honour-sign or -mark; monument or memorial (to
honour something or someone).
t / iy-gnt-leesh-
E-gn-vill-
and idiosyncrasies.
-foo-
the context of art (e.g., the ability to directly perceive its quality or meaning).
Ereignis. ihg-niss. Som
Erfolgserlebnis. n. / lks.s / er-folks-er-leeb-
success, a sense of achievement.
Erschlossenheit. n. / lsn.hat / err-schloss-un-hite. World disclosure; the process by which things
become intelligible and meaningfully relevant to human beings.
-
lost in thought; absentminded; meditative.
Fein. adj. / fain / fine. Fine, tender, noble, honourable, unique.
Fernweh. n. / fifiern-vay. Lit. far/distant (Fern) pain/woe (Weh);
homesickness for the unknown.
Feierabend. n. / fire-ar-bent. L
at the end of a working day; can also just mean the end of the working day (with no particular festive
connotation).
Fingerspitzengefühl. n. / fptsfing-ah-shpitz-en-gu-foo-eh. Lit. fingertip feelingthe
ability to act with tact and sensitivity.
Freier Einfall. n. en.fl / frhyer ain-ful. Free, spontaneous (freier) irruption, association,
Freizeitstress. n. / fra.tsait.strs / fry-ziyt-stress. Free-time stress; stress related to, or in the context
Fremdschämen. n. / fn / fremt-shay-mn. To be embarrassed/ashamed (schämen) for
someone else (Fremd); vicarious embarrassment; shame on behalf of another person; a cringing
feeling.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Freudentaumel. n. / fryd.tum / froyd-un-tau-mel. Lit. joy swash; being giddy or delirious with
happiness.
Frühjahrsmüdigkeit. n. / s..it / fru-yars-moo-dih-kiyt. Lit. spring fatiguea state of
lowered energy or mood associated with the onset of spring.
ganz-hite. Unity; integrated whole; undivided completeness; total and
complete.
Ganzfeld. n. / -
perception (e.g., in a white-out); a technique of controlling or minimising sensory input (e.g., used in
parapsychology experiments).
Geborgenheit. n. / t / geh-bor-gen-hite. Feeling protected and safe from harm.
Gedenkstätte. n. / tt / guh-dengk-shtet-uh. Lit. place of remembrance, memory,
reflection; memorial, shrine.
-steesh. Spiritual; intellectual.
Gelassenheit. n. / hat / geh-lah-sen-hiyt. Self-surrender/abandonment; yielding to Gods will;
serenity, calmness.
-moot-lish-kite. a feeling of comfort, cosiness, homeliness. As
adjective (Gemütlich): cosy, homely, comfortable.
Gesamtkunstwerk. n. / gnstvk / guh-zamt-
comprehensive, sysnthesising, all-embracing art; artworks that strive to utilise multiple artistic
modalities (even as many as possible).
t / guh-shtalt. An overall pattern / configuration; the notion that the whole is
greater than the sum of its parts.
-vor-fuhn-
the condition of being thrown into contex
hab-zee-lish-ky-
precious, treasured possessions (especially if one has few possessions).
a.-mat. Home; a place to which one feels on belongs; a homeland.
Heimlich. adj. / hime-lisch. Pertaining to the home; comfortable, familiar, known;
secretive, clandestine.
hi-m-lig. Cosy, homely, secure.
Heiligenschein. n. / -lig-un-shine. Lit. halo or aureola; a bright light around the
shadow of a person's head caused by diffraction and reflection of sunlight.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Herrliche hair-leesh guh-foool. Glorious, lovely, gorgeous (Herrliche)
feelings, sentiments (Gefühle); a notion associated with Goethe, who described these as forces that
Herzklopfen. n. / hrts.klp.fn / hairts-klop--
anticipation of something good (or bad) happening.
s / ih-dee-al-too-poss. Lit. ideal or pure type; the standard or normative
form of a given phenomenon, featuring elements common to most actual instances of it.
in-eekh. Heartfelt, tender; devoted, intimate; dear.
-kee-noh. Lit. head cinemathe view from your minds eye
subjective internal images or scenes.
-flict-fay-ikh-hite. The ability to manage interpersonal
conflict constructively, without becoming personally involved.
Lebenskrankheit. kt / lee-buns-krank-hite. Lit. life sickness/disease; existential
anomie; world-weariness; coined by Hermann Hesse.
-bns-loo-
one tells oneself in order to live with oneself.
Machtwort. n. / maxt.wort / mahkt-v/wort. Power word; a word that encompasses or condenses
many meanings.
Mahnmal. n. / / marn-marl. Memorial/monument to past tragedy (serving as a warning
against it being repeated).
-deng-
thoughts; reaching sound conclusions without having to be told; the ability to think for oneself;
cognitive empathy.
Mitsein. v. / zain / mit-
ontologically, humans are always already with others of their kind.
ç.nark-tye-leekh-hite. Deferred action, retroaction,
-voh-ley. Non-willing, non-wishing, non-wanting.
Rumspringa. German (Pennsylvania) / n. / -spring-uh. From the verb
herumspringen (to run around); an adolescent rite of passage in some Amish communities, during
which a youth intentionally segreates themselves from their community and tradition for several
years.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Rumspringa. Pennsylvanian / n. / -spring-uh. From the verb herumspringen (to
run around); an adolescent rite of passage in some Amish communities, during which a youth
intentionally segreates themselves from their community and tradition for several years.
Scshnaps-ee-day. Lit. liquour idea; a daft or ridiculous plan (thought up
usually, though not necessarily, while drunk); generally used pejoratively.
Schulbildend. adj. / l.dnt / shoo-bill-dnt. Inspiring or leading to the creation of schools of
thought.
-mer-ay. Excessive or extreme enthusiasm or sentimentality.
.shvell-uhn-ungst. Fear, anxiety relating to crossing a threshold
(literally or metaphorically).
Seelisch. adj. / / zee-loosh. Pertaining to the soul; spiritual; mental, psychological.
Sehnsucht: n. / ze-zukht. Life longings, intense desire for alternative paths and states;
ehn).
zitz-flysh. Lit sitting fleshthe ability or willingness to persevere through
tasks that are hard or boring.
-len. To be supposed to; to ought to.
-geh-
linguistically appropriate; the character of a language.
Stammtisch. n. / tam.t / stam-
friendly get-together.
Stehauf-orf-men-khen. Lit. tumbler, a roly-poly toy; used for
someone who always bounces back.
Sternstunde. n. / / shtern-shtun-duh. Lit. star hour; a great or significant moment; a
dramatically condensed event of great import and brief duration that occur rarely in life.
shtee-moong. Mood, feeling; atmosphere; harmonisation, imbrication.
--e; the
freedom of being alone, without being watched by someone (e.g., a parent), to do as one pleases.
Torschlusspanik. n. / torsh-looss-panik. Lit. -closing the worry/fear
about diminishing life opportunities as one gets older; also refers to people acting hastily generally
when time is running out.
treh-pn-vitz. Lit. staircase wit (a calque of L’esprit de l’escalier); a
witty rejoinder that comes to mind just after an interaction.
Unbewusste-buh-voost. Unconscious; used as a noun in psychoanalystic
theory (Das Unbewusste) to denote aspects of mind not accessible to conscious inspection.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Vergangenheitsbewältigung. n. / -gang-uhn-hites-buh-vell-tee-goong.
The struggle to overcome the past (in particular its negative aspects); processes that have become
key in the study of post-1945 German literature, society, and culture.
-shlim-beh-sen. A combination of the verbs to make
-sen-koong. Lit. lowering, sinking; contemplation, meditation;
complete immersion in an activity; total focus upon the task in hand.
Vorfreude. n. / f.d / for-fhroy-duh / aka voorpret (Dutch). Intense, joyful anticipation
derived from imagining future pleasures.
for-fyer-ef-ekt. Demonstration effects; the impact of being
; often implying that
something that was possible or easier when unobserved becomes more difficult when observed.
-ayn-sam-kite. Lit. forest solitude; the strange feeling of
solitude or loneliness when alone in the woods.
varn-frreed. Peace, freedom (Friede) from illusion, delusion, madness
(Wahn).
Wanderlust. n. / væn.dlst / van-deh-loost. Lit. desire (Lust) to hike (Wander). A
longing/desire/prediliction for travel and adventure.
Weinseelig. adj. / / viyn-zee-leeg. Lit. wine (Wein) soulfulness or feeling (Seelig);
merriment brought on by intoxication through drinking wine.
Weltschmerz. n. / . / velt-shmerts. World-weariness, world-hurt; causeless melancholy;
existential sadness (e.g., relating to despair at the state of the world).
-tan-shao-ung. Lit. world (Welt) view (Anschauung); an
overarching/all-encompassing worldview or philosophy of life.
vill-kuah. Following/obeying the will; choosing to obey oneself; arbitrariness,
capriciousness.
-en-shaaft. The systematic pursuit of knowledge, learning, and
scholarship; science.
-vey. Lit. well-pain; pain that is pleasurable (e.g., massaging aching
muscles).
Wunschtraum. n. / um / voonsh-trorm. Lit. wish dream; a great dream; a pipe dream an
illusion; a defining ambition; a heartfelt wish or longing.
-ferl. To cast/throw dice.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Zugunruhe. -oon-roo-uh. Migration, move (Zug) agitation, anxiety,
restlessness (Unruhe): anxious behavior in migratory animals.
Zweisamkeit. n. / sva. -sam-kiyt. Lit. two-lonliness or two-solitude; a cocoon of
intimacy between two people (often romantic) that excludes others; the self-imposed isolation of a
couple in love.
-en-raum. An open or empty space in or between things.
Greek
Afrodíti (-froh-dee-tee. In Greek mythology, the Goddess of
love (also beauty, sexuality); known as Venus in Roman mythology.
Agáp / ag-ah'-pee. Selfless, unconditional, devotional love.
Agon (ón / ah-gon. Contest, competition, gathering, struggle; often used to imply a
clash of opposing forces that ultimately results in growth, progress.
Agora -go-rah. Assembly or meeting place; a public space, often used for
markets, debates, or general congration.
Aidos (). n. / i.d-doose. A feeling of shame that prevents people doing wrong; a sense
of humility that tempers self-aggrandisement.
on / ee-on. A lifespan; an allotment of time; an age or era; eternity.
Akrásia -krah-see-ah. Weakness of will; lack of self-control.
Alétheia (-lay-thee-
ty, factuality).
Álpha (). n. / al.fa / al-fah. First letter of the Greek alphabet (Α, α); can denote the first in a
series, or the beginning of something.
An (uh-nang-kee. Necessity, compulsion, inevitability, fate.
Andr-dray-yah. Courage, valour, heroism, gallantry; manliness
(from andreîos).
Aphaíresis (n. / -uh-ree-sis. Abstractive negation; to withdraw / take away
(thereby revealing the truth, e.g., in mystical theology).
Aphrodíte (-froh-dee-tee. In Greek mythology, the Goddess of
love (also beauty, sexuality, procreation); known as Venus in Roman mythology.
poll-oh. Greek and Roman deity; God of phenomena including light,
the sun, truth, prophecy, and healing.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
-kay-dthee-ah. Lit. a region of Greece; a pastoral utopia; an
idyllic realm; living in harmony with nature.
Areté n. / are.t-reh-tay. Excellence; quality; virtue.
Ataraxia (æk.si / atta-rak-sia. Robust and lucid tranquillity; peace of mind;
calmness.
æ.t.ms / ah-toh-mos. Lit. indivisible or uncuttable; the idea of the
universe being composed of fundamental units.
Aútexoúsios (- teh-khoo-see-oss. Mastery of oneself;
exercising agency / free will (especially in the sense of independently of the passions/emotions).
/ khah-riss. Grace, kindness, beauty, nobility.
sl. / sar-mo-lih-pee. S-
mourning joy; happiness and sadness intermingled.
Chros (). / khor-ross. A place/locale (usually denoting the quality of the place
often somewhere that one feels affection towards).
ð.m.nas / dthe-moh-nas. A divine power that drives/guides human
actions; a manifestation or channelling of divine power.
(pronoun mee-tuh. In Greek mythology, the Goddess of grain
(also the harvest, agriculture, fertility); known as Ceres in Roman mythology.
/ / dthi-moh-kra-tee-ah. Force or power (krátos) of
citizens / the people (dêmos).
Dikaiosuné (n. / / thee-kay-oh-syoo-nay. Justice, righteousness, justice.
Diónysos (-oh-nee-soss. Greek deity; God of phenomena including
wine (and grapes and winemaking), madness, frenzy, theatre, and ecstasy.
n. / drá.k-kohrn. Lit. sharp-seeing, or one who seesorigin of term
Dryad (). n. / / dry-ahd. A nymph of the forest in Greek mythology.
Doxa (dok.sä / dok-sah. Common belief, popular opinion; behaviour or practice in
worship; glory.
.ðo.lon / eye-dtho-lon. Image; representation; reflection; phantom; idol.
Eikón n. / -kone. Likeness; image.
re.ne / ih-ray-nay. Peace; wholeness, oneness; quiet, rest.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Ekstasis sis / ek-stah-sis. The state of being or standing outside oneself; trance,
displacement; ecstasy, rapture.
Eleuthería ). n. / e.l / el-yoo-theh-ree-ya. Freedom, liberty, licence.
/ ell-ee-yoo-theh-ri-oh-tace. Generosity; being in
a free condition.
Eleutheromania .ma.nía / ell-ee-yoo-theh-roh-mah-nee-ah. An
intense, irrepressible desire for freedom.
Enérgeia (i.a / eh-ner-ghee-yah. Activity, operation; workmanship; cosmic
force, action; actuality (in Aristotelian philosophy).
Entelékheia n. / ee-tell-ech-ee-ah. The complete realisation and final form
of potentiality; the conditions under which a potential phenomenon becomes actualized.
Enthousiasmos (). n. / -thoo-sias-mous.The state of being inspired
or possessed by a divine being / forces; being driven/guided by a higher power.
Epíkouros (-pee-koor-uhs. Lit. ally, friend, comrade; Greek
philosopher (341-270 BCE), as per Epicureanism.
Epist / / ep-e-stee-me. Knowledge or understanding (e.g., in a scientific
sense).
Epithymía (-thy-mia. Desire; sexual passion.
Epoché eh-puh-keh. Refraining from drawing a conclusion; the
theoretical moment when judgement about the world, and hence action, is suspended.
eh-ross. Desire; passionate love; in Greek mythology, the God of desire (or
love); known as Cupid in Roman mythology.
Ethikos (). n. / s / ee--koss. Habit, custom, usage; character, bearing.
Eudaimonia n. / moni / you-de-moe-nia. Lit. 'good spirit'; fulfilment,
flourishing, being infused with divine grace.
Eunoia (.-noi-ya. Good / beautiful thinking; a well mind.
Euphoría n. / -for-ria. Lit. being of good bearingmore recently used to
imply intense excitement or joy.
-trah-peh-liah. Wit, pleasantry, humour.
/ .a / kheh-a. Earth; the earth; in Greek mythology, the primordial Mother Earth.
G (mn / noh-mon. Lit. one who knows, examines, judges; the vertical
shadow-caster on a sundial.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Gnôsis s / gnoe-sis. Knowledge; often implying initiate, secret or esoteric
wisdom.
(pronoun, n. / h.dhar-dees. In Greek mythology, the God of the underworld
(also of death, the dead, and riches); the underworld itself; known as Pluto in Roman mythology.
Harmonía (j / ah-moh-nee-yuh. Concordance, union, agreement (e.g., of
sounds).
-loss. All; whole.
hý.bris / hoo-briss. Extreme pride, arrogance, or overconfidence; especially
associated with behaviour that challenges or defies the gods.
-poe-moe-nee.
Kairos kros / keh-ross. The opportune, ideal, 'supreme' moment for decision or
action.
Kartería / kka-teh-ree-uh. Stubbornness; toughness.
keh-fee. Joy, passion, enthusiasm, high spirits, frenzy.
-oss. Chaos; in Greek mythology, the void preceding the birth of the
cosmos.
Koina (n. / -non-ee-uh. Fellowship, communion, joint participation,
connection, intimacy.
Kosmopolitês lt.s / koss-moh-poh-lit-iss. Citizen of the cosmos
(world, universe).
kós.mos / koss-moss. Lit. something ordered / an ordered system; the world
or universe as a complex and orderly system.
Leitourgia (). n. / ltr / lee-toor-gee-yuh. Lit. public service; a charitable act; the
work of the people; worship.
Logos (). n. / lo.os / loh-yoss. Word, reason, plan; in theology, the principle of divine reason
and creative order.
Makários (ka:ri.u / mah-kah-ree-oo. Blessed, happy.
Makrothumeó (-roth-oo-mey-oh. Patience,
forebearance; being long-suffering; slow to anger and avenge.
Mania (-nee-ah. Madness, frenzy, possession.
/ m..lpre.p / meh-gah-lo-pray-pia. Magnificence;
dignity.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Megalopsychia (). n. / m..ls.k / meh-gah-lo-sye-kia. Greatness of soul;
magnanimity.
mn.t-tor. Friend of Odysseus who looked after and guided his son
Telemachus when Odysseus left for the Trojan War
n. / m-rrack-ee. A
creations).
Mésos (meh-soss. Mean; middle.
æk.s / meh-tax-oo. In-between or middle ground; a separation that is
also a link; someone/something partaking in different spheres/realms (e.g., human and divine).
je / mee yee-uh. A congratulation / blessing for others.
.m.ss / mih-mih-siss. Imitation; receptivity; artistic representation.
Mnemosyne (). p. / mn-moh-sy-nee. The goddess (or personification)
of memory in Greej mythology; one of the Titans, and mother of the muses.
(). p. / m / mooh-sai. The muses; goddesses in Greek mythology who were the
divine inspiration for knowledge and the arts.
Mousiké (. n., adj. / / moo-sih-keh. Lit. of the musesart forms of the muses,
espec
Mustérion (). n. / n / moos-tay-ree-on. Mystery, secret; a secret doctrine; a
truth that requires initiation to experience/understand.
Naiás (). n. / na.i.ás / naia-ahs. A female spirit, in Greek Mythology, who presides over a
fountain, spring, well, brooks, and other bodies of fresh water.
-muh-sis. A process of justice and/or retribution, personified
as a goddess; a force of divine punishment against evil deeds, undeserved fortune, and particularly
against hubris (arrogance against the Gods).
/ nooss. Mind, understanding, reason, intellect.
.-kye-oh-siss. The perception of
as belonging to oneself; appropriation, familiarization, affinity, affiliation, endearment.
Omega (). n. / -mey-, );
can denote the end of a series, of the conclusion of something.
Omphalos (). n. / -fah-loss. Lit. navel; a heb, centre, pivotal point; in
artefact).
Oread (). n. / . or-ee-uhd. A mountain nymph in Greek mythology.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Orgasmós (-yaz-mos. Orgasm; climax; swelling, burgeoning;
excitement.
Ouranus -rah-nohs. Sky; heaven; in Greek mythology, the deity of the
sky/heavens (son and/or husband of Gaia).
Ourobóros .b.rs / ur-oo-boh--
from various mystery traditions, featuring a serpent or snake eating its own tail; symbolises, among
other things, eternity, and self-transformation.
Páthos (pæs / pah-thoss. Suffering; emotion; experience.
Paixnidi/pachnidi (). n. / / pekh-nee-dee. Game/play; used to denote playful,
-
pre / pah-ray-uh. Informal party, revelry.
P). p. / p.f.ni / pur-she-feh-nee. Queen of the underworld in Greek
mythology; daughter of Zeus and
Phi (aka pheî. The 21st letter of the Greek alphabet; the symbol for the golden
Philautia (. n. / l/ fi-law-tia. Self-love (encompassing, in its benevolent forms, self-
respect, self-compassion, etc.).
Philia (i-lee-ya. Friendship, platonic love (e.g., based on familiarity or shared
interests).
Philotimo (t.m / fill-oh-tee-mohove of honour;' the importance
of respecting and honouring friends/family.
Philoxenia (x.sen.ía / fill-oh-kh-sen-ia. Love of strangers, guests; a
hospitable act of welcome.
Phró (). n. / fro-nee-siss. Practical wisdom; discernment; wisdom and
knowledge in determining ends and the means of attaining them.
Pneúma (n. / pnu.ma / pnyoo-mah. Wind; breath; spirit.
Pneumatikós (). adj. / pn / pnev-mah-tee-kose. Spiritual; pertaining to the
spirit; being with/of the spirit of God.
n. / pí. /poy-ee-sis. Productive and creative disciplines.
Polis / pó.lis / poh-liss. City-state; a body of citizens.
: the ways and reasons of a people to live together; the whole order of social
and political relationships in a polis.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Poseidôn pronoun / po.se.dn / por-seh-dorn. In Greek mythology, God of the ocean
(and also earthquakes, storms, horses); known as Neptune in Roman mythology.
Prâgma (-ational,
-mah-tee-kose. Reality; actuality, factuality;
the world as it actually is. Stands in contrast to alétheia (reality as subjectively perceived and
appraisedby human beings).
Praotés (-oh-tace. Temperate; displaying the right blend of force and
reserve; capable of force but refraining from using it; gentleness, mildness, meekness, kindness.
Prâxis (). n. / prprakh-sis. Deed/action; the process by which a theory, lesson, or skill
is enacted, embodied, or realised.
Proairesis (). n. / prrss / pro-air-ee-sis. Lit. before (pro) choice (hairesis); desiring
Prógonos / po.nos / pror-tor-khor-nors. Lit. first-born; in Greek mythology,
ms / sal-moss. Scripture set to music (particularly a harp); sacred music;
later, scripture (not necessarily musical).
Sébomai (-ohm-aaee. To revere, to honour, to be in awe of.
Siga siga (a / see-yah see-yah. Slowly, slowly (i.e., being unhurried).
Sophia / soh-fee-ya. Wisdom.
Sóphrosuné -phro-sy-neh. Excellence of character and
soundness of mind; leads to other beneficial qualities, such as moderation and self-control.
Stoá n. / sto. / stor-ah. Lit. portico or porch; the basis for the philosophical school of
Stoicism.
Storg sto / store-geh. Filial love; care and affection (e.g., between family
members).
Summetría .m / sih-muh-tree-uh. The agreement between the parts and
the whole; proportionality and symmetry.
Symposion -poe-see-un. From sympinein, meaning to drink
together; a banquet and/or drinking party, accompanied by music, dancing, recitals, or discussion.
Techné tekh-nee. Craftsmanship; practical expertise.
Témenos (). n. / té.me.nos / teh-meh-noss. A sacred enclosure; a piece of ground cut or
marked off.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Thalia (). n., pron. / -lee-uh. Abudance; luxury; blooming life. One of three
charities (or graces) in Greek mythology.
.trn / thee-uh-tron. A place for viewing; a stand from which to behold
a spectacle.
/ / thee-oh-ree-yah. Contemplative, theoretical, and/or abstract
reflection.
(). n. / e..si.a / thay-oss-oh-fee-
divine wisdom; knowledge concerning the divine.
Thumos/thymos (-moss. Spiritedness; carries connotations of flesh and
blood; also refers to the human desire for recognition.
Titânes -tah-ness. Titans; in Greek mythology, the second generation of
deities.
n. / volt / voll-tah. A leisurely stroll/turn/walk in the streets.
Xenx.sen.ía / kh-sen-ia. Guest-friendship; the importance of offering hospitality and
respect to strangers.
-oos. In Greek mythology, sky or thunder God (also of law, order,
justice); king of the Olympian Gods; known as Jupiter in Roman mythology.
Hausa
Kaaruwa. Hausa / n. / ká:rù.w / kah-roo-wuh. A divorced or widowed woman who has remained
independent and free (e.g., despite still being of marriageable age)
Hawaiian
Aloha. int. / æl.hæ / ah-loh-ha. llo and goodbye, with love and
Akamai. adj. / ä-kä- / ah-kah-my. Intelligent, smart; sharp, quick-witted; cool.
-poh-noh-poh-noh. A practice or interaction of
mutual forgiveness and restitution.
Kokua. n. / k / koh-koo-uh. Help, aid, assistance, relief; helper, assistant; a spirit of selfless
kindness, care, generosity; an act of mutual assistance, pitching in.
Mahalo. n., v. / -ha-lor. Thanks, gratitude, admiration, praise, respect.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Pau hana. phrase / paha.n / pow hah-nah. Lit. finished working, work done; valued time after
work (e.g., for socializing, relaxation, etc.).
Powehi. n. / p.w-weh-hee. The adorned fathomless dark creation; embellished dark
source of unending creation; name given to the black hole photographed in 2019.
Wiki. v., adj. / -kee. To hasten, speed up, be swift, be speedy (as verb); quick, fast (as
adjective); adapted into English by Ward Cunningham to denote a website that allows anyone to
add, change or delete content via their web browser.
Hebrew
Aseret ha-Dibrot ( ). n. / æsebrt / ah-sairt hah-dee-broht / aka Aseret ha-
d'varîm. Lit. ten words, statemens, sayings; the Ten Commandments, aka the Decalogue.
Avodah ( -voh-dah. Service, in the sense of both work and worship (thus
work and worship being one act).
Binah (). n. / bnæ / bih-nah. Understanding; the third sephirot in the Kabbalah tradition,
denoting the process/quality which gives form to creation.
Chokmah (). n. / xx.mæh / khokh-mah. Wisdom; the second sephirot in the Kabbalah
tradition, denoting the primary force in the process of creation.
dæv.kdav-kuh / aka dafke/a. Precisely, actually; even, in spite of;
contrary to expectations; a spirit of contrariness.
Ein sof ( ). n., adj. / -soff. Lit. unending or infinite; in the Kabbalah tradition, refers to
-manifestation
Elohim
Et (). particle / he direct object of the sentence); its
two letters aleph () and tav () also the first and last letters of the Hebrew alphabet; as such, it
can also imply the beginning and the end of something (cf. alpha and omega).
ffeer-goon. Ungrudging and overt (expressed) pride and happiness at
other's successes.
Gemilut hasadim ( ). geh-mee-loot hah-sah-deem. Acts of
loving-kindness.
Gevurah (). n. / -voo-rruh. Power, might; judgement; the fifth sephirot in the
Kabbalah tradition, denoting the enactment of justice.
Gila () (v.): Dancing with great joy.
Hachnasat orchim . -nash-at orh-khim. Welcoming or
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Hallelujah (). / ha-leh-loo-yuh. Lit. praise ye Yah (Yahweh); God be praised;
an expression of worship or rejoicing.
Hésed/chésed/khésed ( khe-sed. Loving-kindness, loyalty, mercy, faithfulness,
goodness, salvation; the fourth sephirot in the Kabbalah tradition, denoting the love of creation.
Hod (). n. / ajesty, splendour; the eighth sephirot in the Kabbalah tradition,
denoting the glory of creation.
Kabbalah ( ). n. / ka.ba'la / kah-bah-lah. Lit. received tradition; an estoreric spiritual tradition
within Judaism.
Kashrut ( ). n. / ka-root. Proper, legal, permissible; in accordance with Jewish law
(especially relating to food).
Kavanah (). n. / k.v.n / kuh-vuh-nuh / aka Kavana, Kavannah. Intentionality; sincerity; the
Keter (). n. / -tair. Lit. crown; the first sephirot in the Kabbalah tradition, denoting
the the initial impulse of Ein Sof to become manifested in the world.
Khavruta, Havruta, Chavruta ( ). n. / uta / khav-roo-tah. Lit. fellowship; the practice of
paired/shared learning (e.g., of religious texts), and the bond that can develop as a result.
Koev halev ( )/ khoh-ev hah-lev. Lit. the heart aches; empathy,
compassion, identifying with the other's suffering.
Kosher () (n.): lit. right, proper, lawful; used to denote foods prepared in accordance with Jewish
dietary law; used more informally to denote something genuine and legitimate.
lah-ah-sot kha-eem. Lit. 'to do or to make life'; to
live fully, to have a good time.
Lchaim ( ). phrase / l-khai-im. Lit. to life
Malchut (). n. / -hoot. Realm; the final sephirot in the Kabbalah tradition,
denoting the
Manna (). n. / mæ.næ / mah-nah. Edible food that sustained Israelites in the wilderness; spiritual
food.
m tf / mah-zul-toff. Lit. 'good fortune'; a blessing of health and
happiness.
Messiah ( ). n. / / mih-sy-ah. Lit. anointed one; savour, liberator, redeemer; a king or
high priest.
Mishloach manot (). n. / milo.a / mish-loah ma-not. Lit. sending of portions
exchanging gifts of food and drink.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Mishpacha ). Hebrew / n. / m / mush-pah-ke. Family; clan; tribe; kin; social group.
Mitzvah ( mitz-vah. A commandment; a good deed (e.g., performed out of
religious duty).
n.xt / nuh-khut. Joyful pride in someone's successes (e.g., your progeny or
student).
Netzach (). n. / n / nay-tsakh. Endurance, eternity; fortitude, triumph; the seventh,
denoting the endurance of Ein Sof in the act of creation.
u / oh-shuh. Joy; contented happiness.
Purim ( ). n. / or-rim. An annual celebration in Judaism (commemorating the saving
of the Jewish people from a figure named Haman).
Selah (). n. / / see-lah. A pause for reflection; a musical interlude (e.g., in a psalm).
-roht. Emanations, attributes; the way Ein Sof reveals Himself,
thereby creating the various spiritual and physical realms.
Shabbat (). n. / b-bart / aka , Sabbath. From the verb shavat, meaning to
rest or cease; a day each week kept aside for rest, abstinence, and/or worship in various religious
traditions.
Shalev ( ). n. / l-laarv. Calm, peaceful, quiet, at ease.
Shalom (). n. / lm / shor-lome. Peace, harmony, wholeness, prosperity, welfare and
tranquillity; used also as a greeting/parting salutation.
Shiv'ah (). n. / v / shee-vuh. Lit. seven; the week-long period of mourning prescribed in
Judaism.
Tachlit (). Hebrew / n. / tæ / takh-leet. Purpose, aim; essence; in practical terms (aka
-
Tiferet (). n. / tif air-eth. Beauty; balance; the sixth sephirot in the Kabbalah
tradition, integrating Hésed and Gevurah.
t / tit-kha-desh. Lit. 'get new'; salutation given to someone who
has acquired a new possession or positive change in circumstances.
Tzedaka ()-tha-khaa. Lit. justice, righteousness; generosity/charity
(mandated by justice); required righteous giving.
Tzniut
behaviour).
Yesod (). n. / js.sd / yiss-sod. Foundation; the ninth sephirot in the Kabbalah tradition,
denoting the actual creation of the manifest world.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Yhvh (). n. / j.h.væ / yeh-hoh-vah. The Hebrew name of God (usually held to be
unpronounceable, and/or too sacred to be uttered).
Zohar ( ). n. / z.h-har. Lit. radiance, light, splendour; inner glow; a shining forth; a
foundational text of Kabbalah.
Hindi
Chai pani ( ) (n.): lit. 'tea and water'; favours or money given to someone to get something
done (similar to a 'bribe', but without a negative connotation).
Jugaad (). n. / g-gaard. The ability to 'make do' or 'get by'; a 'hack' or
improvisation.
Namaste (). int. / nmæste / nuh-mah-stay. From the Sanskrit namas (bowing) te (to you);
often interpreted in spiritual ways as 'I bow to the divine in you'.
Talanoa: the way apparently pur
Hopi
Koyaanisqatsi. n. / k.-an-iss-kah-tsee. Nature out of balance; a state of affairs
(e.g., dysfunctional) that calls for another way of living.
Hungarian
Pertu. n. / pe.ty / pear-too. Lit. by/for you; a drinking or bonding ritual (signifying the
establishment or maintenance of friendship).
Pihentagyú. adj. / n.tæ-hen-tazj-yoo. With a relaxed brain; being quick-witted and
sharp; can sometimes be used pejoratively (implying insufficient deployment of mental
resources/attention); more positively may also denote someone who can connect ideas in unusual
or creative ways.
Sirva vigad. v. / vigd / sheer-va vig-od. Lit. crying, weeping (sirva), rejoicing, merrymaking
(vigad); taking one's pleasures tearfully; a melancholic intermingling of joy and sorrow.
Hunsrik (Brazil).
Kwadi. Hunsrik / n. / kwa.di / kwah-dee. The laziness one feels after warming oneself in the sun on
cold days.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Huron
Orenda. n. / n.d / or-en-duh. Power, force (often with spiritual connotations).
Icelandic
Að nenna. v. / nnen-nah. The capacity or state of being bothered to do something;
the ability or willingness to persevere through tasks (especially that are hard or boring).
Að redda. v. / rred-dah. To save someone or fix something in a time sensitive
manner.
Gluggaveður. n. / .ve.dr/ gloo-ka-ve-
to look at through a window, but unpleasant to be outside in (e.g., cold, windy).
hoo-fun-gin. Lit. 'mind-captured', to be charmed or fascinated by
someone/something.
Ragnarök. n. / / rag-nuh-of
existential renewal (of life, the Earst, and some Gods).
Þetta reddast. phrase / æ.tæ tha-ta-reh-t will all work out ok' (used especially when
things don't look optimistic!).
Sólarfrí. n. / s.l-lah-free. Lit. sun holiday, i.e., when workers are granted unexpected
time off to enjoy a particularly sunny/warm day.
Víðsýni. n, adj. / v-see-nee. A panoramic view; open-mindedness.
Indonesian (Bahasa)
Belum. aux v. / b.lm / buh-luhm. Not yet, perhaps, hopeful wish.
Bijaksana. adj. / -jak-sah-nah. Wise,sagacious; prudent, sensible; judicious,
rational, equitable; bright; discreet.
Gemas. n. / / guh-mass. A feeling of love or affection; the urge to squeeze someone because
they are so cute.
Jayus. n. / gæ.j / gah-yoose. A joke that is so unfunny (or told so badly) that you just have to
laugh.
Keren. adj. / krn / kuh-rren. Cool; modern; spirited; impressive; dashing.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Malu. n. / m-loo. Humility, modesty; shame, embarrassment; shyness, bashfulness.
ka / kuh-kow. Waking up suddenly from sleep (e.g., if startled); regaining
consciousness and returning to reality after a nightmare.
Inuit
spk / ik-tsua-pok. Anticipation one feels when waiting for someone, and
keeps checking if they're arriving.
Pittiarniq. n. / pt.-tee-ah-neek. Loving-kindness; being kind and good.
Qarrtsiluni. v. / k-sih-loo-nih. Sitting together in the darkness, perhaps expectantly
event.
Inuktitut
Aqilokoq. n. / .kk / ah-kee-loh-kok. Gently falling snow.
Ayurnamat. n. / .j-yur-nah-mat. Stoicism; the possibility or approach of not worrying
about things that cannot be changed.
Ihuma. n. / -hoo-maah. Reason, wisdom and knowledge; calm, cheerful patience,
partic
independence.
Inuuqatigiittiarniq. n. / k / ih-noo-kat-ig-eet-ee-ah-nik. Being respectful of all
people; healthy communities; neighbourliness; living in peace and harmony with others.
Iñupiaq
Qarrtsiluni. v. / k-sih-loo-nih. Sitting together in the darkness, perhaps expectantly
s
event.
Iroquoian
Ondinnonk. n. / n. / on-dee-noonk. The secret, innermost desires or wishes of the soul
(e.g., as revealed in dreams).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Italian
-bee-okk-o. Drowsiness following eating a (large) meal.
Ambientamento. -bee-en-tah-men-toh. Settling-in; acclimatisation;
adjustment.
Apericena. n. / e.næ / ah-per-ree-chay-nah. A neologism to denote the recent trend to meet
friends in order to eat together, combining aperitif with dinner, and replacing the dinner with lighter
food, in a less formal setting and saving time and money.
art-chee-goo-
a means gluttony or appetite); original name for
the Slow Food movement.
-rran-jar-see. The ability to 'make do' or 'get by'.
bell-ah fih-goor-ah. Beautiful figure; good impression; fine
appearance; grace, tact, style.
-oss-kour-oh. Contrasts of light and dark/shade (usually pertaining
to art).
jeh-troh-loh-jee--
theory; the idea that there is another (truer) explanation behind the given one.
Disegno. n. / n.y / dee-sen-yo. Lit. drawing or design; fine art drawing; the formal discipline
required for representing the ideal form of an object in the visual arts.
Fiero. n. / fj-yeah-
of this feeling being deserved/warranted).
Figurati. v. / fi.-goor-ah-
mention it.
Focolare. n. / -co-lah-reh. Hearth; the fireplace at the physical / emotional centre of a
home.
Leggiadria. n. / ed-jah-dree-ah. Gracefulness, loveliness, prettiness, elegance.
-gah-ree. Maybe, possibly; hopeful wish, wistful regret; in my dreams, if
only.
Mandi. Friulano / phrase / mæn.man-
Dio (God); used as a greeting, and as a wish.
-rri-jah-rri. To rest at noon (in the shade).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Menefreghismo. n. / g-nih-frih-geez--care-less attitude; the
condition of not giving a hoot.
Passeggiata. n. / -saj-yah-ta. A leisurely stroll/turn/walk.
-rah-toor-ah. Lit. squaring, balancing; an illusionist form of
visual art, involving painting architectural details onto flat surfaces (ceilings, walls) to create the
impression of three-dimensional space.
Riposo. n. / so/ rre-poor-soh. Rest, repose; a nap; cf. siesta.
Saper vivere. n. / sæpe.r .r / sah-pare-eh vee-vare-eh. The ability to handle people and
situations with charm, diplomacy and verve; cf. savior faire (French).
Scatenarsi. v. / skæ.tn-teh-nar-see. To run wild;
to break free.
-mah-toh. Derived from fumo (to smoke); to soften, or shade into;
to taper, or fade out; as adj. vague, blurred, mellow; a painting technique in which colours are
subtly shaded into one another.
Sprezzatura. n. / -uh-toor-uh. Nonchalance; art and effort are concealed
beneath a studied carelessness.
Voler bene. v. / -luh beh-neh. Lit. to want much; to love; to care for in a deep,
loving way; to be very fond of.
Japanese
Ah-un (阿吽). n. / -un. A transliteration of Auṃ (), the sacred Sanskrit syllable; the
beginning and ending of something; unspoken communication between close friends.
Aiki (合気). n. / -ee-kee. Blending or harmonising opposing forces within oneself; a
dialectical relationship between matched equals; the ability to skilfully manipulate another person.
Amae (甘え). v. / -ah-ee. To behave in ways that implicitly request love or indulgence of
one's perceived needs (often used negatively to describe passivity).
Boketto (ぼけっと). adv. / b.kt.t / boh-ket-toh. Idly; doing nothing; vacantly; e.g., gazing
vacantly into the distance (without thought or sense of self).
武道). n. / -doh. Lit. the art or way of war; martial arts.
(茶道). n. / / chah-doh. The art or way of tea.
Datsuzoku (脱俗). n. / dæt-soo-zoh-koo. Lit. shedding or removing (datsu)
worldliness or mundanity (zoku); unworldliness, saintliness; freedom from habit, escape from the
routine and conventional.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
道). n. / d / doh. Path or way (e.g., spiritual).
道場)rtial arts are
practised.
Fukinsei (不均整-kin-say. Natural / spontaneous asymmetry or irregularity.
Furitama (降り魂). n. / fu.r.tm / foo-ree-tah-
people place their hands upin front of their stomach and shake them vigorously up and down.
Fuubutsushi (風物詩-boo-tsoo-shi. Stimuli/phenomena that evoke / remind
one of a particular season.
Gaman (我慢-mahn. Patience, fortitude, endurance, self-control/restraint.
Ganbaru (頑張る). v. / mb / gam-bar-ou. Lit. 'to stand firm'; to do ones best.
Genki (元気geng-
healthy, energetic, and full of life.
Go (igo) ( 囲碁). n. / g / go. Lit. surround game; a board-game originating in ancient China.
Goraikou (御来光). n. / g.a..k / gor-aye-ee-cor. Lit. sacred or honorable delivery of light;
sunlight seen from a mountain top; the rising sun.
Giri (義理). n. / g.r / gih-rih. Duty, obligation; a debt of honour.
Haiku (俳句). n. / hu / hai-koo. A form of Japanese poetry, usually just 17 syllables long (with
lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables), involving the sudden juxtapositions of ideas or images, and often
focused on natural (e.g., seasonal) phenomena.
居合道). n. / -aee-doh. The way of mental presence and immediate reaction; a
swodfighting martial art that emphasizes being aware and capable of quickly drawing the sword and
responding to a sudden attack.
いあいどう Focus Weaponry Hardness Forms competitions only. Country of origin Japan Japan
居合道)
Iki (いき-kee. An aesthetic principle characterised by qualities including simplicity,
straightforwardness, sophistication, intelligence, spontaneity, originality and audacity.
Ikigai (生き甲斐-kee-
(柔道). n. / d / joo-doh. Lit. gentle way; a form of martial art, centred around grappling
Kaizen (改善). n. / ka.zn / kai-zen. Gradual, incremental (and often continuous) improvement.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Kami (神). n. / kmi / kah-mee. Spirits (or spiritual phenomena) worshipped in the context of
Shinto; can include aspects or forces of nature, as well as beings, and also the qualities possessed by
such beings.
Kanso (簡素). n. / kæn.s / kan-soh. Simple, plain; in art, refers to an elegant simplicity, an
attractive absence of clutter.
Kawaakari (かわあかり). n. / kwæ.k-wah-kar-ree. Lit. river bright; the glow/gleam of the
river at dusk (or in the darkness).
見性). n. / kn. / ken-shoh. Seeing (ken) nature or essence (
Buddha nature; sometimes interpreted as an initial or brief awakening.
Kintsugi (金継ぎ-tsu-gi. Lit. 'golden joinery'; the art of repairing broken pottery
using gold; metaphorically meaning to render our flaws and fault-lines beautiful and strong.
K (候). n. / k / koh. Micro-season (with year being divided into 72 different
公案). n. / k.-an. Lit. public record, or official business; principles of reality existing
outside of subjective op
awakening.
Koi no yokan (恋の予感ki.n.jkæn / cor-ee-nor-yor-can. Preminition or presentiment of
love; the feeling on meeting someone that falling in love will be inevitable.
Koko (考古). n. / k.k / ko-ko. Weathered beauty; austere sublimity.
Kokoro (心). n. / k.k.r / koh-koh-roh. Heart and mind (and even spirit) combined.
Kokusaijin (国際人-koo-sah-ee-jeen. Lit. an 'international person';
someone who is cosmopolitan, flexible, and open-minded.
Komorebi (木漏れ日). -mo-reh-dappled
sunlight filtering through leaves.
Majime (真面目). m / mah-jee-meh. Reliable, responsible, diligent; seriousness,
formality.
Misogi (禊). n. / m.s-soh-yee. A practice of ritural purification found in Shinto, involving
washing the whole body, often in cold natural water.
Miyabi (雅). n. / m.jb / me-yah-bee. Elegance, refinement; courtliness; impeccable manners; the
total disavowal of vulgarity or crudity.
Mokusatsu (黙殺). v. / mæt.s-koo-sat-soo. To ignore or keep silent (e.g., when rejecting
a bargaining offer).
Mono no aware (物の哀れ). n. / m.n.n..w.e / mo-no-no-a-wah-ray. Pathos of understanding
the transiency of the world and its beauty.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Mu (無). n. / megative, void, nothingness, non-being; used in Buddhism to imply
'neither yes nor no'.
Nakama (仲間). n. / n / nah-kah-mah. Best friend;close buddy; one for whom one feels
deep platonic love.
Natsukashii (懐かしい). adj. / n -soo-kah-shee. Missed, precious, yearned for,
'dear old ...'.
Nemawashi (根回し). n. / .-mah-wah-shee. Lit. revolving or going around the roots
(e.g., preparing a tree for transplant to different soil); laying the foundations for a proposed project
or change; consensus-building.
Ohanami (お花見-ha-na-me. Lit. flower (hana) mi (viewing). The culturally
valued activity of gathering to appreciate flowers (and specifically cherry blossoms).
On (恩). n. / n / on. A feeling of moral indebtedness, relating to a favour or blessing given by others.
Omoiyari (思いやり). -moy-yah-rih. Altruistic sensitivity; an intuitive
understanding o
understanding.
Otsukaresama (お疲れ様-tsoo-kah-reh-sah-hank you for your
hard work', gratitude and appreciation.
Reiki (霊気). n. / -kee. Lit. soul, spirit, miraculous, divine (rei) life-force (ki, aka qì); a
hands on the body (to direct the flow of ki).
Reiwa (令和). n. / / ray-wah. Beautiful, auspicious, and orderly harmony and peace.
Sabi (寂). n. / s-be. Lonely, desolate, aged beauty.
Satori (悟り). n. / s-toh-ree. Understanding, comprehension; awakening,
enlightenment.
Seijaku (靜寂-ja-ku. Quiet (sei) tranquillity (jaku); silence, calm, serenity
(especially in the midst of activity or chaos).
Shibumi (渋味-boo-mee. Simple, subtle, unobtrusive and effortless beauty.
Shinrin-yoku (森林浴). n. / n.. jk. / shin-ree-yok-uh. Lit. 'bathing' in the forest (literally and/or
metaphorically); appreciating the restorative/rejuvenating power of nature.
Shizen (自然). z / shee-zun. Naturalness, absence of pretence, contrivance, or premeditation
(e.g., in art).
Sunao (素直). adj. / -nah-oh. Meek, docile and submissive (in a positive, deferential
way); authentic, and honest with oneself.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Ukiyo (浮世). n. / k.j / ook-ee-oh. Lit floating/drifting world; appraising the ephemerality of the
world; living within transient moments of fleeting beauty.
Umami (うま味). n. / -mah-mee. A rich, pleasant, savoury taste.
Utakata (泡沫). n. / -tah-kah-tah. Lit. bubbles, foam; ephemerality, transciency.
Utsura-ustura (うつらうつら). v. / -soor-ah oot-soor-ah. To drift between
sleep and wakefulness.
Wabi (侘) n. / / wa-be. Imperfect, rustic, remote, weathered beauty.
Wabi-sabi (侘寂): n. / s-be sa-be. Imperfect and aged beauty; the aesthetics of
Wai-wai (ワイワイ). n. / . / wa-iy wa-iy. The sound of children playing.
幽玄). n. / gn / yoo-gn. Obscurity, cloudy impenetrability, unknowability, mystery.
Zanshin (残心). n. / zn. n / zan-shin. Lit. remaining/enduring heart-minda state of relaxed
mental alertness (especially in the face of danger or stress).
Zen (禪). n. / zdhyāna/jhana.
Javanese
Tjotjog. v. / .g / choh-o fit', accord and harmony within relationships and/or society.
Kiluba
-wah-koh. A powerful phrase coveying a sincere and
grateful expression of thanks, whose meaning varies greatly according to context.
Kivila
Mokita. n. / m.tæ / moh-kee-tah. A truth that everone knows but no-one talks about.
Korean
Han (한). n. / hæn / han. Sorrow, resentment, regret, possibly with a sense of patiently waiting or
hoping for amelioration.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Jeong/jung (정). n. / eep affection, affinity, connectedness (may or may not be
romantic).
Nunchi (눈치). n. / nn.-chee. Lit. -
situations and to respond skilfully.
Sadae (사대). Korean / v. / s-day. Dealing with, or serving, the great and/or powerful; can
be used in relation to diplomacy (e.g., in relationships between nations).
Sarang (사랑). n. / sæ-rung. Strong love.
Lakota
Canunpa. n. / chun-noon-pah. Sacred pipe.
Catkuta. n. / chah-t'koo-tah. Seat or place of honour.
Heyoka. n. / he.-ohk-
contrarian, jester, satirist) who speaks and acts in an opposite fashion to the people around them.
Hmunga. v. / gghmuen-gah. To bewitch; to cause sickness; to effect a mystery that is
dreaded.
Wakinyan. n. / w-kin-yan. The Thunderer or the Thunderbird; a powerful sky spirit of
Sioux mythology.
Latin
Anima. n. / ah-nih-mah. Soul; spirit; breath; mind.
Auspices sp sz / or-spih-seez. Supernatural signs, especially flights of birds or weather signs;
a divination or prognostication.
ax-iss mun-dee. World axis, world pillar, cosmic axis; line through
the underworld.
-pay dey-em. Make the most of the present moment or
opportunity. Lit. sieze the day.
Coitus. n. / k.ts / koy-tss. Lit. coming, meeting, uniting together; attraction; magnetic force;
sexual union.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Concordia discors. n. / -kor-dee-ah diss-kors. Harmony (concordia) from
discord (discors); discordant harmony; the principle that conflicts or oppositions can nevertheless
create harmony.
Cornu copiae. n. / k. / kor-noo koh-pee-uh. L-shaped
contained filled with produce; a symbol of nourishment and abundance.
Ego. pronoun / .eh-go. I, we me; used Ich,
Gaudere. v. / gad / gau-deer-ee. To rejoice; to take joy in.
Id. pronoun / d / id. It or that; used Es, which in
-niss fat- ghostly atmospheric light seen
by travelers at night, especially over swamps or marshes (usually attributed to the combustion of
gas from decomposed organic matter).
.ns / ig-noh-ah-., the spirit of scientific
inadmissible).
l.p / leh-poh. Charm, grace, wit, elegance, allure.
Lex. n. / lks / leks. A system or body of laws; a particular law.
Ludus. n. / s / loo-dss. G-
-men-toh moor-ee. Lit. remember death; an object or
symbol that reminds or warns you of death/mortality.
Memento vi.ve.re / meh-men-toh vee-ver-eh. Remember life;
remember to live (or that you must live).
Minerva. pronoun / mn / mih-ner-vuh. Roman goddess of wisdom, warfare, poetry, medicine,
commerce, and the crafts.
-ehs. Habit, usage, custom, manner.
Musica humana. n. / .k / moo-sih-kuh oo-mah-nuh. Harmony of the person;
concordance and sympathy within the individual.
Musica instrumentalis. n. / .k n.str.ms / moo-sih-kuh in-stroo-men-tah-liss.
Instrumental music or harmony; actual, practical music (i.e., produced by an instrument).
Musica mundana. n. / .k mn.dæ.n / moo-sih-kuh mun-dah-nuh. Harmony of the world,
spheres, universe; concordance and sympathy between heavenly bodies, and within the cosmos
generally.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Natura naturans. phrase / ntj.r r.anz / nuh-choor-rah nah-choor-anz. Nature naturing;
nature as a creative force or process; nature as the expression or manifestation of the divine.
Numen. n. / -men. Divine power, force, presence, will.
Otium. n. / / oh-tee--
time; ease, peace.
Pietas. n. / -eh-tass. Familial affection; loyalty, patriotism; piety.
Pius. adj. / pi.s / pe-oos. Conscientious, upright, faithful, patriotic/dutiful, respectful, righteous.
Profanus. adj. / prs / proh-far-noos. Lit. before (pro), i.e., outside, the temple (fanus);
secular, non-
Pulchritudo. n. / -kree-too-doh. Corporeal beauty and moral excellence.
s / kwo-tee-dee-ah-nus. Occuring daily; mundane, ordinary;
rendered in English (via French) as quotidian.
er / sar-cher. Sacred, holy, hallowed, consecrated; something set apart(which did
Sacrare. v. / sæk.r / sak-rar. From verb ; to consecrate, anoint, dedicate, make holy, make
sacred.
Solivagant. n., adj. / slvnt / so-liv-a-gnt. Noun: A lone wanderer. Adjective: characterised by
lone wandering.
. n. / sl.stt.m / soll-stit-ee-um. Lit. a still or stopped sun, a stoppage or standing still of
the sun; root of the term solstice.
Superego. new / p. / s.pr ./ su-per eh-go. Lit over/above-I; used
represent the German Über-Ich
norms/values.
Substantia. n. / sp-stan-tee-ah. Essence, substance; material, contents; self-
subsistence (i.e., an entity or phenomenon that depends upon nothing else for its existence);
something that stands under or grounds things.
Tempus fugit. phrase / tm.pt / tem-puss foo-jit. Time flies, flees, escapes.
Ultima Thule. n. / -tee-muh thoo-luh. Farthermost Thule (a legendary island,
representing the northernmost region of the world); a distant place beyond the horizon or the
known world.
Vertumnus. p. -tum-nuss. Roman God of change and the seasons (and of gardens
and orchards); shapeshifter; from the verb vertere meaning to turn or change.
Viriditas. n. / vrd.t.æs / veer-id-it-ahss. Lit. greenness; viridity; vitality, fecundity; coined by
Hildegard Von Bingen to describe the sacred healing power of nature.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Virtus. n. / weer-toos. Valour, manliness, excellence, courage, character, and worth.
Malay
-yang. Love (not necessarily romantic); tender affection; also, if
used as an interjection, can express regret or pity (e.g., in relation to loss, longing, or unrealised
desire).
Malagasy
Antsafa. n. / ænt.sæ.f-sah-fuh. Inquiries about things of which one is fully cognizant
beforehand.
Māori
Aroha. v., n. / ær.hæ / ah-roh-ha. (To feel) love, concern, compassion, empathy for someone;
cognate with the Hawaiian term Aloha.
Harikoa. n. / hæa / hah-ree-koa. Joyful, euphoric, delighted, exuberant, elated, thrilled, ecstatic,
jubilant.
Kia kaha. inj. / kh / kee-uh kar-ha. Be strong; stay strong; forever strong.
Mana whenua. n. / ma-nuh fen-ooa. T: the mana held by people who have
demonstrated moral authority / guardianship over a piece of land / territory.
-nah-ki-tung-uh. Hospitality, kindness, generosity, support,
respect, and care for others.
Tw-ranga-why-why. Lit. a place to stand; a place where we
feel rooted, empowered, and connected.
Whakakoakoa. v. / wæ.kæ.ka.ka / wah-kah-koah-koah. To cheer up.
Mongolian
Hiimor . n. / -moor. Wind-horse (or air-horse); a magical creature that carries
prayers from earth to heaven (with the speed of the wind and t
spiritual or psychological energy or power.
Tegsh. n. / tThe valorized condition of being in balance with the community and the
wider world.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Mwotlap (Vanuata)
Vakasteglok. v. / va.ka. / vah-kah-stoow-
recognition and gratitude for the care they took of us in the past).
Norwegian
Avspasere. v. / / arvs-par-ser-eh. To take a day (or more) off from work (e.g.,
because one has previously worked overtime and has built up credit).
-nard. A collectively pursued/undertaken task; voluntary community
work.
Etterpåklokskap. n. / t..pk.lk.sk / eh-tuh-puk-luk-
you gain from making a mistake (cf. hindsight).
Forelsket. adj. / fls.-elz-kut. Falling or being in love; forelskelse as a noun.
Fjellvant. adj. / fj-varnt. Being accustomed to being or walking in the mountains.
Friluftsliv. n. / -loofts-leev. L-air living; living in tune with
nature.
Gjensynsglede. n. / gjgll / gyen-seen-glil. Lit. goodbye happiness; the joy of meeting someone
you haven't seen in a long time.
Hedersmann. n. / he.d.mn / hair-dsh-mun. A man of honour, honesty, integrity.
Hygge. n. / hhhoo-guh. A deep sense of place, warmth, friendship, and contentment. As an
adjective (hyggelig): enjoyable, warm, friendly, pleasant.
-sa. Cosiness, warmth, intimacy; kose as a verb; koselig as an adjective.
Peiskos. n. / pas.-kors. Lit. 'fireplace coziness, sitting in front of a crackling fireplace
enjoying the warmth.
-iz--; a philosophy/approach of being kind to
people; often used in a critical way (implying that someone is too kind/generous).
Tyvsmake. v. / . smk / shoov-smor-keh / aka Tjuvsmaka (Swedish). Lit. sneak, thief (Tyv) taste
(Smake); to taste or eat small pieces of food (e.g., when cooking); cherry-picking the best morsels
(rather than to improve the meal).
Uffda. int. / -tah / aka oofta, huffda. An expression covering a range of feelings, including
surprise, astonishment, weariness, dismay, and relief.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
plz / oo-tuh-pilz. Lit. outdoor lager; a beer that is enjoyed outside (especially in the
sunshine).
Navaho
Hózh. n. / h / hoh-zho. Peace, balance, beauty and harmony.
Ngarluma
Tarruru. n. / t-roor-ruh. Evening glow; dying down; peace of mind.
Old Norse
k.æl.f-al-far. Dark elves (in Norse mythology); swarthy spirit beings who live
within/under the earth.
Freyja. p. / fre. / frey-uh. Lit. lady; goddess associated with war, death, love, sex, beauty, fertility,
gold, and seiðr
Landvættir. n. nt.vt.te / lunt-veh-teear. Land spirits, wights, sprites (in Norse mythology).
Ljósálfar. n. / -al-far. Light elves (in Norse mythology), who live in Álfheimr (land
of the elves).
Sjövættir. n. / shyoor-veh-teear. Sea spirits, wights, sprites (in Norse mythology).
Vættir. n. / vt.te / veh-teear. Nature spirits, wights, sprites (in Norse mythology).
Vatnavættir. n. / vaht.n / vaht-nuh-veh-teear. Water spirits, wights, sprites (in Norse
mythology); guardians of the specific waters
Pashto
mass-tiah. Hospitality, moral obligation to
offer sanctuary and respect to all visitors.
Pashtunwali (). Pashto / n. / p-toon-wah-lee / aka Pakhtunwali. Lit. the
way of the Pashtuns; the ethical code of the Pashtun people.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Persian
Boghz (). n. / bgz / bogz. A knot in the throat; the physical sensation of distress building in the
throat or chest before crying or ventring negative emotions.
Ghahr Kardan ( ). v. / g / gahrr kayr-dan. To cease communicating with someone
(because you are upset or angry at them).
of / thar-rof. Politeness, social intelligence (e.g., in relation
to receiving/offering hospitality/gifts).
Ahura Mazda ( ). p. / h.rmæz.d / uh-hoo-rah-maz-duh. Lit. mighty wisdom, or lord of
wisdom; wise, intelligent spirit; the creator and supreme being of Zoroastrianism.
Pintupi
Kanyi(r)ninpa. v. / can-yin-in-puh. Lit. 'to hold', connoting an intimate and active
relationship between carer and caree.
Pirahã (Brazil)
Xibipíío. n. / b / ih-bih-pee-oh. Experiencing liminality; a phenomenon on the boundaries of
perception or experience; going in and out of existence or range.
Polynesian languages
Mana. n. / mma-nuh. Spiritual energy / power, a sacred, impersonal force.
Polish
.væ / kom-bin-oh-vach. To fix, sort out, arrange; working out an
unusual solution to a problem; can sometimes have negative connotations (e.g., scheming or
hustling).
lt.nt .m.s / lot-nosht oo-mih-see. Lit. buoyant or vivacious (lmind
(); a state of mind that is simultaneously acute, vivacious, light and sharp.
Merytoryczny. adj. / m.rt.r..n / meh-rih-toh-rij-nee. Essential; substantial; factual; on the basis
of merit.
/ meel-chech. To keep quiet; to refrain from speaking.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
-garh-nyach. To embrace, encompass; to engulf, overwhelm; to grip; to
be able to deal with something; to understand; to see things holistically.
pang-stfoh. A country, state; a household, family, married couple.
Poprawiny. n. / p.pr-pra-vee-neh. A party/reception held the day after a wedding
(usually in the morning).
. n. / -dech-ny. Cordiality, warmheartedness, directness, and sincerity.
Serdeczny as an adj.
v. / v / zalat-veech. To deal with / take care of things, to sort things out, to get a
job done.
Portuguese
-piy-shon-narr. To fall in love; to become passionate about
someone/something.
Cafuné. n. / / cah-foo-neh. The act/gesture of
.lu / koh-loo. Area of body formed by chest and arms (used to refer to embracing or
cradling).
-bun-dar. Exceeding ones limits; shedding ones inhibitions (e.g., in
having fun).
Desenrascanço. n. / d.z..s / deh-zen-hass-can-so. Artful disentanglement (e.g.,
from trouble); an improvised solution.
Des-peh-zhu. Pertness and boldness (sometimes in a pejorative sense);
brightness; self-confidence; discomposure; lack of reserve or inhibition.
-kar. To be; one of three verbs for being in Portuguese, used to denote a
completed condition and a precise place and time.
jay-too. Hack, solution; to find a way by any means (often circumventing rules or
social conventions).
Saudade. n. / s / sow-dhadh. Melancholic longing, nostalgia, dreaming wistfulness.
Saudosismo. / sow-doo-ziz-moo. A movement that promulgated saudade as a
national spiritual value that could have transformative power.
Saudosista. / sow-doo-ziz-tuh. Someone given to nostalgia; a follower of
Saudosismo.
Tesão. w / ter-zarw. Heightened sexual or sensual desire; turn-on; intense arousal.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Quechua (Inca)
Pacha. n. / p-chah. Lit. earth or world; a way of dividing realms (spatially and temporally)
in Incan cosmology; the spirit animating earth/nature (cf. Gaia).
Taki onqoy. n. / tæ.ki -kee on-koy. Dancing sickness; delirium caused by dancing or
singing.
Russian
-voss. Maybe/what if; faith/trust/hope in luck, serendipity, destiny
or fate.
Azart (rt / a-zarrt. Heat, excitement, ardour, fervour; to do something with gusto;
may also be associated with recklessness and risk-taking.
Blago (). n., adj / bla-guh. good, the good; blessing, happiness. Used as the first part
of the word in many derivatives (e.g., : the common weal).
Bodryi (). adj. / bo.drj / boor-dree. Cheerful; brisk; hale and hearty; awake; in good spirits,
energetic.
Byt (). n. / ily life, quotidian existence, material culture, private life,
domestic life (often used somewhat pejoratively, in contrast to Bytie).
Bytie (-ee-yee-ah. Being; authentic existence; spiritual existence.
da / doo-shah. Soul, spirit, heart.
Glasnost n. / -nost. A process of engaging in open discussion,
relationships and/or governance.
Intelligéncija (). n. / -tee-lee-gyen-sia. Educated intellectuals with
moral and social stance. Anglicised as Intelligentsia.
Istina (). n. / / iss-tee-nuh. Absolute, ultimate truth; used also in religious context
about God.
Kaif (). n. / / kayf. Euphoric pleasure, and heightened satisfaction, but also often with a
sense of calmness.
lst..pæd / list-oh-pad. Falling leaves.
Mir (). n. / mir / meerr. Peace; world; community.
Odnolyub (). n. / dn / od-noll-yood. Someone who loves or loved only one woman
in life; a monogamist; someone who commits to one person.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Otkhodchivyi (). adj. / æt.hat-hor-joo-ee. The quality of being quickly
appeased after a surge or outburst of negativity, and/or not bearing grudges.
. n. / ndrf / nuh-dreef. Lit. a tear, rend, or break; an outburst of emotion or
passion, often uncontrollable and possibly also irrational, when deeply hidden feelings are released.
Pochemuchka n. / p.mu.k / puh-chee-mooh-chuh. Someone (often a child) who
asks a lot of questions.
Poshlost .lst / puhsh-luhst. Triviality, banality; philistinism; something devoid of
e
found in phenomena that are not conducive to it (e.g., consumerism).
Pravda (n. / pr-duh. Truth and justice.
st / proh-storr. Spaciousness, freedom, absence of constraint.
Razmakh (). n. / ræz.-mar. Sweep, span; amplitude; scope, range; scale.
Ryvok (). n. / -vork. A final dash or acceleration; a fast movement or change (that
is often associated with progress, but can also tear/disrupt things).
Samizdat (). n. / -miz-dat. A contraction of self-publishingliterature
secretly written, copied, and circulated (in the former Soviet Union and usually critical of the Soviet
government).
Sobytie (). n. / .-bweet-ee-yee-ah. Lit. co-being, being bound together; event;
when many different processes of being converge to create an event.
Sobornost -bohr-nust. Cathedrality; being gathered or united
together; spiritual harmony based on collective love; the principle of spiritual unity and religious
community.
.v / stoo-shu-varst-yuh. To leave quietly; to drop gently
out of view, or out of existence; to fade into the background; to become less important; coined by
Fyodor Dostoevsky.
.b / suud-bah. Fate, destiny, fortune.
tska-skah. L
include other times, people, and places), with nostalgia and wistfulness.
Uvlekatsya (). v. / -lee-kaht-sah. To be carried away; to become very
keen about; to fall for something; to be absorbed.
Volya (). n. / voor-leh. Will, volition; power; pleasure; freedom, liberty
Vozdukh (vz.dux / voorz-
inside (when breathing in), to take the spirit outside (when breathing out).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
(). n. / z-stoy-yeh. A feast; a festive meal; sitting at the table, eating,
drinking and talking with friends.
Zdravstvuite (). Salutation, imperative / zdrastv-voo-chyeh. Lit. be
healthy; good day, hello; a greeting.
Sama
Magosaha. n. / -goh-sah-hah. Seeking a livelihood; the necessity of continuously
searching the sea for sustenance; wanderlust conditioned by a lifetime of travel.
Sanskrit / Pāli
Abhayamudrâ ( ). n. / b.ha..-hy-uh-moo-drah. The gesture (e.g., in Hindu
and Buddhist iconography) of fearlessness, protection, and/or peace; involves the palms facing
outwards, and the fingers extending upwards.
-(). v. + n. / -dih-nah-dah-nah. Taking the not-given (i.e.,
refraining from which is the second of the five precepts in Buddhism).
(). n. / 'n / uh-dee-star-nuh. A benediction, blessing (in Buddhism); a
rule; standing by, being at hand; a basis, base.
Ádvaita (). -vy-tuh. Non-dual; the notion that there is only one reality.
Ahi/(). n. / hms / uh-him-sah. Non-harm, love.
(). n. / w-jee-wuh. Livelihood, work, mode of life.
(). p. / -mee-tar-buh. Celestial Buddha of infinite light and
in Sanskrit).
nanda (). -nun-de. Bliss, lasting contentment; spiritual, unconditional
happiness.
a (). n. / an-at-mn. Insubstantiality, lack of permanent
self/soul.
Anitya/anicca (). / a-neet-yah. Impermanence; the notion that existence is
transient, evanescent, and inconstant.
An(). n. / -noo-kum-pah. Lit. harmonic vibration or resonance;
compassion, empathy.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Aparigraha (). -puh-ree-gruh-huh. Non-possessiveness, non-grasping,
non-greediness; one of the five yama in Hinduism.
(). n. / -pruh-mah-duh. Earnestness, alertness,
diligence, moral watchfulness.
(). n, adj. / -ra-mah-na. Immeasurable, boundless.
Arhat/arahant (). n. / ht / aar-hut. A worthy or perfected individual; one who has attained
enlightenment.
sana (). -suh-nih. Lit. seat / sitting position; postures adopted/undertaken in
Yoga.
Ashtangika / atthangika (). -tung-gee-kuh. Eightfold (as in the Noble
Eightfold Path in Buddhism).
(). / ush-tung-mung-guh-luh. A collection of eight
auspicious or divine objects/symbols, used particularly on ceremonial occasions (in Buddhism,
Hinduism, and Jainism).
Asteya (). -stay-uh. Lit. non-stealingrefraining from taking or appropriating
-
(). n. / at-mn. Soul, breath, spirit.
Au or O (). particle / m
; the beginning (alpha) and end (omega) of
all things.
(). n. / -vuh-tar-uh. Lit. descentthe incarnation or embodiment of a
deity in human or animal form.
Bhagavad/t (). -guh-vudt. Blessed one; someone endowed with blessings
accumulated through great merit; also a general term of endearment.
Bhakti/bhatti (). n. / -tee. Fondness, attachment, homage, reverence.
a (). n. / hwn / bh-hav-nah. Application, development, cultivation, practice,
meditation.
(). n. / -juh. Seed(s) (as per bīja-niyāma, i.e., the law of seeds,namely the
patterns in the realm of organic phenomena).
Bodhi (). boe-dee. Enlightenment, awakening.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Bodhicitta (). boe-dee chidta. Enlightened/awakened mind; a mind that
strives towards awakening for the benefit of all beings.
Brahma-charya (). v. + n. / / brah-muh char-yuh. Lit. going after Brahmanor
when married; one of the five yama in Hinduism.
Brahman (). n. / / brah-man. The transcendent and immanent absolute reality; the
supreme spirit that continually brings existence into being.
(). n. / brvhbrah-muh vi-har-ruh. Lit. abode or dwelling of
Brahma (; qualities that practitioners (e.g., in Buddhism) are
encouraged to cultivate.
Buddha (). n. / b / bd-dha. An awakened/enlightened being.
Cakrá/cakka (). n. / k. / chuk-ruh / aka chakra (English). Lit. wheel, circle, disc; energy points
in the body, identified and harnessed by various spiritual traditions.
/ ( ). Sanskrit/ / n. /
-wah-ree ah-ya-sat-yah-
Citta (). dta. Mind, consciousness, awareness; heart and mind combined.
(). -nuh. Generosity, charity.
Dhárma/dhamma (). n. / dhar-ma or dam-ma. Law; what is established;
principles of the universe; guidelines for action; teachings (e.g., of the Buddha).
Dhármacakrá/dhammacakka ( ). n. / dhar-ma.chuk-ruh. Wheel of dharma. A
way of conceptualising, representing, and teaching the dharma.
Dhvani (). n. / / dh-vuh-nih. Sound, echo; hint, allusion; used in aesthetics and art
appreciation to refer to allusion and implied or hidden meaning.
(). n. / -run-yah. Concentration; fixing and holding attention (e.g., on
a meditative object).
(). gn-yaa-na. Intense, concentrated attention and absorption
(e.g., regarding the nature of an object of meditation); cultivated and valorized states of mind (which
can be arranged in a developmental sequence).
Di/dihi (). n. / -tih. View, gaze, sight (as per samyak-dṛṣṭi, of the Noble Eightfold
Path).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
(). dduh-kuh. Dissatisfaction, discomfort, dis-ease; suffering.
( ). n. / dv.r / dvah-puh-ruh yoo-gah. The age/era (Yuga) of two
), i.e., third place, thought to have lasted 864,000 years; the third of four eras in
Hinduism; further diminishing spirituality of humankind (from the previous eras).
Guru (). n. / goo-roo. A religious /spiritual teacher, guide, master, and/or person of
reverence.
Hatha (). n., adj. / h. / huh-thuh. Lit. force, effort, exertion; a branch of yoga focusing on the
practice of asanas (postures) and vinyasa (dynamic transitions).
( ). -tuh-day-wuh-tar. Reverence (iṣṭa) of divine beings
(devatā); deity meditation.
(). -vuh-ruh-prah-nyee-dhar-nuh.
five niyama in Hinduism.
a (). gn-yaa-na. Knowledge, especially experiential forms of
apprehension (e.g., acquired through meditation); the total experience of an object; clear
awareness.
Kali Yuga (). n. / k. / kuh-lee yoo-gah. The age/era (Yuga) of the demon, or sin (Kali),
thought to last 432,000 years; the fourth and current of four eras in Hinduism; an age of
degeneration, discord, and fall.
Kala-( ). n. -yah-nuh mit-ruh-tar. Lit.
K m (). -may-soo mik-har-char-uh.
Misconduct or unwholesome behaviours concerning sexual (or sensual) activity (i.e., refraining from
which is the third of the five precepts in Buddhism).
Ku
). n. / kn.d-duh-lee-nee. Lit. the coiled onea source of form of
through meditative practices.
Karma/kamma (). n. / kkar-ma. Lit. action, work, or deed; a theory/principle of causality,
particularly with respect to ethical behaviour.
/kammanta (). -marn-tuh. Action, management, administration
(as per samyak-karmānta, of the Noble Eightfold Path).
(). -roo-nar. Empathy, compassion, identifying with the other's
suffering.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Kuśala/Kusala (
). n., adj. / k.l / kuh-shull-uh. Virtue, goodness; skilful, ethical.
lakshana (). lk.n. / look-shn-a. symptom, sign, quality, attribute; marks of
conditione
L (). n. / -lah. Lit. game, play; used in Hinduism to describe reality as being the
outcome of creative play by the divine absolute (Brahman).
Madhyama marga / majjhima magga ( ). n. / mudh-yuh-muh mur-
guh. The middle way/path.
(). n. / m.h-har-bhoo-tuh. Great elements/forces; the
dimensions/components that comprise the physical world (i.e., space/ether, air, fire, water and
earth).
(). n. / 'maii or mt / mi-tree or met-tar. Loving-kindness; benevolence.
Mandala (). -duh-luh. Lit. circle; a spiritual symbol (e.g., in Buddhism and
Hinduism), usually geometric in form, representing the cosmos (or aspects of it).
M(). pron. / mn.-jush-ree. Lit. gentle glory, radiance; a prominent
Boddhisattva in Buddhism.
Mantra (). -truh. Lit. mind tool; a meaningful word, phrase or sound that is
taken as an object of focus in meditation.
Maraa smti/sati ( ). smr/ muh-ruh-nuh smrih-tee. Meditation on (or
awareness of) death/mortality.
/magga (). / -guh. A spiritual path or way.
mok-shuh. Emancipation, liberation, release (e.g., from
(). -de-tar. Sympathetic/vicarious happiness.
(). -drah. Lit. sign, token, seal; physical gestures and postures;
symbolic hand gestures (e.g., in Buddhist iconography).
(). n. / m.s-sah-vwah-dah. False speech (i.e., refraining from
which is the fourth of the five precepts in Buddhism).
Nirodha (). -rode-huh. Cessation; the third noble truth (that duḥkha can be
addressed by ceasing craving).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
(). n. / wnir-vwah-nuh. Lit. extinguishedor blown out(e.g., as
per a flame); release from sa happiness, total liberation from suffering.
Niyama (-yah-muh. Lit. observances, positive duties; recommended
habits/practices for right living.
(). v. + n. / -nah-ti-pah-tah. Harming or killing living
beings (i.e., refraining from which is the first of the five precepts in Buddhism).
(). n. -shuh shee-lah-ni. Five precepts (e.g.,
in Buddhism).
a (). n. / -nah. Air, breath; spirit; life force/energy
a(). -nah-yah-muh. Control, regulation of the breath (or
Prajña/ (). -yah. Wisdom and experiential insight.
-- (). n. / -teet-
yah sa-muut-pah-dah. Dependent origination; the law of conditionality.
Pratyahara (). n. / prt.-yuh-huh-ruh. Withdrawal of the senses (from external
stimuli); internalisation of consciousness/awareness (e.g., to focus on an internal reflection of God).
P (). n. / -thah-nuh. Conditions; setting forth, going
forward.
Rasa (). n. / / ruh-suh. Lit. 'juice' or 'essencethe emotional theme of an artwork, and/or the
feeling evoked in the audience.
ddhi/iddhi (). n. / rd. / rid-dhih. Lit. success, accomplishment, increase; used in Buddhism
(). / rh-t. Order, rule; truth; that which is properly or excellently joined; the principle
of natural order which regulates and coordinates the operation of the universe.
Rpa (
). -puh. Matter, body, material form; in Buddhism, the first skandha (i.e.,
the material body).
(). n. / s-duh-nuh. Lit. realization, or means of accomplishing
Sdhu (). n. / -doo. Lit. a good man; a holy person; a religious ascestic, renuncient; a
monk.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
akti/satti (). n. / -tee / aka shakti, sakthi. Lit. power or empowerment (to be able
to, have the power to); primordial cosmis energy, identified and harnessed by various spiritual
traditions.
(). -mah-dee. Lit. getting hold of (dha) integration/togetherness
(sam); acquisition of integration, wholeness, truth; intense concentration/absorption; one-
pointedness / unification in meditation.
samatha (). -muh-thuh. Lit. pacification, rest, slowing/calming
down; one-pointed meditation (e.g., as a means to calming the mind).
(). n. / -buh-luh / aka Shambhala. A mythical kingdom and various
spiritual traditions (e.g., Hinduism, Buddhism); a spiritual utopia; a pure land.
(). sung-huh. Lit. assembly; a Buddhist religious/spiritual
community.
sañña (). n. / s-gnyah. Perception, cognition.
Sakalpa/sankappa (). n. / s.kl.p / suhm.kul.puh. Resolve, determination; purpose,
intention (as per samyak-saṃkalpa, of the Noble Eightfold Path).
Samprajanya/sampajañña (). n. / sm.pr..j / sum-pruh-jun-yuh. Clear comprehension;
mindfulness imbued with a sense of spiritual progress.
Sa(). n. / / sam-sah-ruh. Lit. wanderingor worldcyclic, circuitous change;
(). n. / s.sk-skar-uh. Mental volitional formations, karmic imprints,
Satoa/santosa (). n. / s.t. / suhm-toe-shuh. Complete/entire (sa)
contentment/satisfaction (toa).
Samudaya (). n. / -moo-dye-uh. Origin, cause; the second noble truth (that
duḥkha has a cause, i.e., craving).
Samyak/ (). n., adj. / sm. jk / sum-yuk. Right, correct, best.
Santosha () (n.): contentment arising from personal interaction, and acceptance of self and
other; one of the five niyama in Hindusim/Buddhism.
Satchitananda (). n. / s/ sut-chidt-ah-nun-de. Truth, existence (sat),
consciousness (cit), and happiness, bliss (ananda); perception of the ultimate, unchanging reality
(and the liberation that arises as a result).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Sattva (). n. / s-vuh. Goodness, purity, balance, wholeness; one of three qualities of
nature in Vedanta; can also refer (e.g., in Buddhism) to a sentient being.
Satya/sacca (). -yuh. Truth; truthfulness (in speech, thought, and action);
refraining from falsehoods or distortions.
Satya Yuga ( ). n. / st.j / sut-yuh yoo-guh / aka Sat Yuga, Krta Yuga, Krita Yuga. The
age/era (Yuga) of truth (satya), thought to have lasted 1,728,000 years; the first of four eras in
Hinduism; the golden age, the moral and spiritual highpoint of the ongoing cycle of Yugas.
Shaucha (. -chuh. Purity, cleanliness and clearness; purity of mind, speech and
body; one of the five niyamas in Hinduism.
(). n. / sd.d-dar-thuh. Derived from siddha (achievement)
and arth (meaning, purpose); one who has successfully achieved an aim or object.
(). -luh. Morality, ethics, virtue; custom, practice; conduct, disposition,
nature, tendency.
Skandha(s)/ khanda(s) (). n. skun-duss. Aggregate(s) / heap(s) / grouping(s); used
he human being.
(). -tee. Lit. recollectionor remembrance
mindfulness/awareness of the present moment.
(). -vut-
of the eternal or endless knot; representing teachings such as the interconnected nature of
existence.
Sukha (). -kuh. Pleasure; ease; satisfactoriness (the antonym of dukkha).
(). n. / -kar-vuh-tee. Lit. Land of pure bliss or happiness; a celestial
(). -yuh-tah. Emptiness; boundlessness;
boundarylessness; the idea that phenomena come into being dependent upon conditions.
-(-- ).
-rah-may-ruh-yuh muh-juh puh-mah-dut-hah-nuh. Intoxicating and/or
unmindful states related to alcohol or drugs (i.e., refraining from which is the fifth of the five
precepts in Buddhism).
S (). n. / su tr / soo-truh. Lit. thread, string; teaching, rule, aphorism.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
(). n. / swjj-dhyar-yuh. Lit. self-studyor ones own reading
introspection; study of the self, and of religious teachings; one of the five niyama in Hinduism.
Tantra/tanta (). n. / tn.tr / tun-truh. Lit. weave or loom; any systematic teaching, method or
practice; more recently, used to denote sexual-spiritual practices.
Tapas (). t.ps / tuh-puhs. Lit. heat, blaze, pain, suffering (from root tapintensive
meditation, perseverance, austerity/asceticism; one of five niyamas in Hinduism.
-garbha ( ). n. -tar-guh-tuh garr-bha. Lit. one who
Tat Tvam Asi (). phrase -twum-ahsee. Lit. thou are that; a central
expression of Ádvaita philosophy, articulating the oneness of ātman and Brahman.
Treta Yuga ( ). n. / tre.t / tray-tuh yoo-guh. The age/era (Yuga) of three things(treta),
namely avatars of Vishnu, thought to have lasted 1,296,000 years; the second of four eras in
Hinduism; diminishing power and spirituality of humankind (from the high point of the Satya Yuga).
Tripti (). n. / trp.t / trip-tih. Complete satisfaction (e.g., of sensual pleasures).
(). adj. / pa.j / oo-puy-uh. Skilfil, skilful means; expedient; that which is conducive to
flourishin; that which leads to enlightenment.
Upaniads (). n. / p.. / oo-puh-nee-shuud. Lit. sitting down nearthe foundational
texts of what is now referred to as Hinduism; the concluding sections of the four Védas.
Upek/(). -pek-sah. Equanimity, detachment; calmness, balance.
Utu (). n. / / uu-tuu. Seasons (as per utu-niyāma, i.e., the law of the seasons,namely the
regularity of environmental phenomena).
(). / n. / w per samyak-vāc, of the Noble Eightfold Path).
(). ud-jruh-yah-nuh. Lit. diamond or thunderbolt (vajra) path
referred to as Tantric).
Véda (). -duh. Lit. knowledge, wisdom; the Védas are the name of the
foundational texts of what is now referred to as Hinduism.
Vedan(). -duh-nar. Feeling tone; fundamental valence of a sensory object
(pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
(). :-duhn-tuh. The concluding sections of the four Védas (lit.
knowledge, wisdom; the foundational texts of what is now referred to as Hinduism). Lit. end of the
Védas.
(). -yah-nuh. Consciousness, mind, discernment.
(). n. / v / vin-yah-suh. Lit. to place (nyāsa) in a special way (vi); a form of
yoga, centring on dynamic movement between āsanas.
(). n. / wp / vwih-pah-kuh. Ripening; the result, ripening or maturation of karma.
Vvip (). / vih-push-yuh-nah. Insight; clear-seeing; seeing
(). n. / vweer-yuh. Energy, diligence, enthusiasm, effort.
/ (). -yah-ma. Effort, exercise, training (as per samyak-
vyāyāma, of the Noble Eightfold Path).
Yama (). n. / j.m / yuh-muh. Lit. death(or the God of Death); self-restraint/control; a set of
proscriptions within Hinduism for right living.
Yoga (
). v., n. / j.g / yoh-guh. Lit. to yoke / add / join / unite / attach (from root yuj); a
psychophysical system of spiritual training and development.
Sardinian
Ingiogatzau. n. / gæt.-joor-gat-soo. Being playfully happy; joyful joking and playfulness.
Scottish
Curglaff. n. / kglæf / kur-glaff. The bracing, shocking and/or invigorating feeling of suddenly
entering (e.g., diving into) cold water.
Fiere. n. / -urr. Companion, mate, pal, comrade.
Scotch mist. n. / / skotch mist. Light rain with droplets so fine it is almost a mist (except
that you can tell it's falling, as opposed to dense cloud).
Smeddum. n. / -dum. A fine powder; the strength or essence of a substance; spirit;
energy.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Serbian
Inat. n. / / ee-nat. Proud, defiant stubbornness and self-preservation (sometimes to the
detriment of others and even oneself).
Serbo-Croatian
. Serbo-Croatian / n. / . / sev-dakh. The emotional intensity of passionate love; the
joys and pains of intense love (especially love that may be difficult or unrealisable in some way).
Shilluk (Southern Sudan)
Caal. v. / / c
how subject and object are positioned is reversed).
Sinhalese
Ayubowan (ආබ ෝව). int. / a.b.wæn / iy-boe-an. Lit. 'long life'; salutation, wishing someone
health, happiness and longevity; used as a greeting or parting.
Slovenian
-osh-no. Soft, gentle sadness or melancholy.
Somali
Qooto qooto-too koo-
wherewithal, through whatever means; to live in reliance on others (whether through persuasion,
begging or deception).
Spanish
Aficionado. n. / fsjna-fis-iun-ad-o. L
knowledgeable and/or enthusiastic about something; can have connotations of being an amateur (in
a benign sense).
Ansias. n. / -see-uh. Longing, yearning; worry, anguish; desparate or anxious love (e.g.,
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Bonanza. n. / b / b-nan-za. A boon/benefit (that is often unexpected); prosperity.
B
Cacharpaya. n. / kæ.pa.jæ / cat-char-pye-ah. A send-off; a farewell party for someone who is
going away.
Camarada. n. / aða / cah-mah-rah---mate; pal, friend; basis
Celaje. n. / se.le / say-lah-khay. An image or figure (that is often unclear); akin to a mirage or
hallucination, but wi
Chipe. Guatamalan / n. / / chee-pay. Jealously or rivalry, usually related to feeling that a loved
Compadre. n. / k-pah--
friendship for a man.
Convivencia. n. / k-vih-ven-see-uh. Lit. co-habitation, but also implying shared
feelings, meanings and purpose.
Desasosiego. Spanish / n. / d.ss.s.-ass-oss-ee-ah-go. Unrest; unease; anxiety; a
state where one cannot find solace in body and mind; emptiness, unrest, discomfort, longing and
desire all in one.
Desengaño. n. / d. / deh-sen-gan-yo. Disenchantment or disillusionment; can also
connote awakening, seeing through deceit, being liberated from an illusion.
Disfrutar. v. / is. / diss-froo-tar. Lit. to receive the fruits ofto benefit from; to enjoy.
Duende. n. / dwn. / de-wen-deh. A heightened state of emotion, spirit and passion (often
associated with art/dance).
pæ.læ.-pah-lah-gar. To be too sweet or rich (in taste).
-khen-tah-doh. Lit. dazed or confused; used colloquially to
describe being 'peopled out', to wish for solitude.
Estrenar. v. / s.trn.re / ess-tren-ah-reh. To use or wear something for the first time (and perhaps
imbuing the wearer with a sense of confidence).
Fiesta. n. / fst / fee-ess-tah. A party, celebration.
-sar. To greatly enjoy, take pleasure in; to take (e.g., in a romantic sense); to
delight in; to come (sexually).
Gula. n. / ˈglæ / goo-lah. Gluttony, greed; indulgence; eating simply for the taste (i.e., not from
hunger).
Madrugada. n. / ma.ða.ða / madh-roo-ga-tha. The early hours of the morning before dawn.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Mentalizar. v. / mn.tæ.l:.z / men-tah-lih-zar. To get into a frame of mind; to make aware.
Ojalá. v. / -khah-lah. Derivation of In sha' Allah, God willing ('may Allah wish it'); a hopeful
wish.
Onda. n. / n.dæ / on-dah. Lit. wave; the flow or current of something; an exclamation of joy or
excitement.
peh-nah ah-khen-nah. Pain (pena) for others (ajena); vicarious
embarrassment/shame; a cringing feeling.
-doh-nor. Point of honour; adherence to a code of honour; dignity;
self-respect.
-ah vee-dah. Lit. pure life, simple life; a motto, philosophy, and
way of being closely associated with Costa Rica.
a / keh seh-rah seh-rah.
resignation to) fate.
Querencia. n. / kns / keh-ren-sia. A place where one feels secure, from which one draws
strength.
Rasmia. n. / r / razz-mee-uh. Eagerness, strength, activeness, courage, tenacity and
gracefulness.
Te quiero. v. / t-kyeh-roh. Lit. 'I want you'; perhaps between I like you and I love you,
implying tender affection.
Tertulia. n. / tetulja / terr-tool-ya. A social gathering or conversation, usually with literary or artistic
overtones.
-lah-
who can insightfully find the humour in life and make people laugh.
Siesta. n. / sst / see-est-a. A short nap, usually taken in the early afternoon.
Simpatía. n. / -pah-tee-ah. Accord and harmony within relationships and/or society.
Sobremesa. Spanish / n. / -brreh-may-sah. Lit. over/on/above table; sitting around
the table after eating; when the food has finished but the conversation is still flowing.
Soler. v. / sler / soh-lair. To usually do; to be in the habit of doing something.
Swahili
Mbuki-mvuki. v. / m mv / mm-boo-kee mm-voo-kee. Lit. to take of in flight (mbuki), to
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
le / poh-lay. Sorry; can also express empathy and understanding.
-kuh pah-moh-
community togetherness.
Swedish
Daggfrisk. n., adj. / dæg.frsk / daag-clean feeling one might
have from waking refreshed in the early morning at sunrise.
Famn. n. / fæm / fam. The area or space within two arms, e.g., 'in my arms'. As a verb, att famna
Fika. n. / kæ / fee-kah. From kaffe (coffee); a coffee-break.
Flygskam. n. / flug.skm / floog-skum. ashamed or embarrassed to fly because
of its negative impact on the environment.
Gökotta. n. / / jer-koo-tah. Lit. 'early-morning cuckoo'; waking up early to hear the first
birds sing.
Kulturbärare. n. / kb / kul-toor-bar-ah-ruh. Lit. culture-bearer or culture-carrier; a
phenomenon (e.g., person or idea) that upholds a culture and/or moves it forward.
Lagom. n. / llaar-gom. Moderation; doing anything to just the right degree.
leef-suh-nyoo-ta-rey. Bon vivant; someone who loves life and lives
it to the full.
Mångata. n. / / moo-on-gah-tah. Lit. moon (måne) road/street (gata); the path of
glimmering light that moonlight makes on water.
Mysa. v. / -sah. To be engaged in a pleasant or comfortable activity; to be content or
comfortable; to get cosy; to snuggle up.
Nja. int. / neither yes or no (or both yes and no);
expressing uncertainty.
-ta. To deeply enjoy, to profoundly appreciate.
Orka. v. / -kah. To have the energy for something; being resilient, spirited, and/or
enthused.
Pigg. adj. / pg / pig. Alert, awake; refreshed, rested; spirited, energised.
Resfeber. n. / r / reess-fee-burr. Travel fever/bug; the feeling of excitement and nervousness
experienced by a traveller before undertaking a journey.
-boo. An unmarried couple that live together.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
n'stl. / smool-tron-stel-eh. L
place to which one goes to retreat or relax.
Tjuvsmaka. v. / / shoov-smor-keh / aka Tyvsmake (Norwegian). Lit. sneak, thief (Tjuv)
taste (Smaka); to taste or eat small pieces of food (e.g., when cooking); cherry-picking the best
morsels (rather than to improve the meal).
Trygghet. n. / thi-he-ert. Security, safety, confidence, certainty, trust.
Vemod. n. / ve:mo:d / veer-mood. Tender, wistful sadness; pensive melancholy; the resigned and
nostalgic feeling one has in relation to something positive or significant that has been lost or is over
Vidunder. n. / -doon-duh. Miracle; prodigy; monster; an impressive or threatening
entity which inspires awe.
Tagalog
-lik-wass. Sudd
surprise or fright); to turn suddenly to the other side.
Bayanihan. n. / bæ.jæ.n.hæn / bah-yah-nih-han. Co-operative endeavour in the service of a shared
goal; a spirit of communal unity.
w / daw. It is said; so I was told.
ghih-gill. The irresistible urge to pinch/squeeze someone because they are loved
or cherished.
Kikay. n. / / kee-kie. A flirtatious girl or woman.
Kilig. n. / k / kih-leeg. Lit. shaking/trembling; feeling of butterflies arising from interacting with
someone one loves or finds attractive; exhilaration/elation (not necessarily related to romance).
Pala. part. / pæ.læ / pah-lah. An exclamation of surprise; contrary to expectation (i.e., as opposed to
what I assumed).
Umay. n. / .me / uh-may. To become weary or tired with something through overuse or satiety.
/ oo-tang nah loob. A debt of inner self; an unpayable debt
of gratitude; being in receipt of a blessing or favour so great it be returned.
Takuu
Tikotara. v. / ti.ko.ta. / tee-koh-tah-rah. To carry a lover to several locations inside a house (to
demonstrate physical strength) before having sex.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Tamil
Mannvasanai. n. / mæn.væ.sæ.na / man-vah-sah-niy. Lit. earth smell; the scent of rain on dry earth;
cf. petrichor.
Telegu
Mohamaatam. n. / ma.hæ.m-har-maar-tum. Complaisance; hestitation, tentativeness;
shyness; willingness to please.
Thai
Aon (). v. / o plead or try to emotively appeal to anothers affections in order to gain
something one wants (e.g., by crying); generally used in a positive sense (e.g., as per adorable).
Kreng-jai (). n. / krn.a / krren-jiy. Deferential heart; respect and consideration for others
Nam jai (). n. / næm.a / nam-jiy. Lit. water from the heart; selfless generosity and kindness.
Sabsung. n. / s / saab-soong. A feeling of revitalisation through something that livens up or
Sanuk (). Thai / n. / sæ.nk / sah-nook. To have a good time; to have fun, not in a frivolous way,
but rather in a way imbued with satisfaction, pleasure, and value.
Tîeow (). v. / / tee-ow. To wander or roam around in a carefree way.
Tibetan
Dewachen (). n. / .n / dee-wuh-chuhn / aka it. Land of pure bliss
Druptap (). n. / dræp / drup-tap / aka sgrub thabs, (Sanskrit). Lit. means of
Lhai rnal byor (). n. / læl bj-hah-ee ruh-nall buh-yor. Deity
(i.e., being), a deity.
Ö-pa-me (). p. / .p-par-may / aka AmiCelestial Buddha of
in Sanskrit).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Thukdham (). n. / t-dhum / aka tukdam. A Tibetan Buddhist Tantric practice, in
which advanced meditators are purportedly able, post-death, to meditatively prevent or stall
dissolution and decay of their body.
Tonglen (). n. / t-len. Lit. giving and taking, or sending and receiving; a meditation
Tupi-Guarini family
Motirõ. n. / mt.r / moh-teer-oh. Community work; doing or building something good together;
a productive gathering of people.
Tshiluba
Ilunga. n. / -loong-ah. The capacity of being ready to forgive a first time, tolerate a
second time, but not a third time.
Turkish
-ah-froo-lah. Lit. 'may God grant me mercy'; used to express
'don't mention it' (e.g., in response to receiving praise).
G servi. n. / .vi / guh-moosh ser-vee / aka serv-i sîmîn (original phrasing). Lit. silver
cypress tree; the shining white glimmering of moonlight on water.
Ukranian
v. / -han-khya. To love passionately, intimately, romantically.
Urdu
Chai pani. n. / ta pah-nee. Lit. 'tea and water'; favours or money given to someone to
get something done (similar to a 'bribe', but without a negative connotation).
Goya (). conj. / g.jæ / go-yah. As if; suppose it were; can be used to denote a suspension of
disbelief (e.g., in storytelling).
nz / nuz. Assurance, pride, confidence (arising from feeling unconditionally loved).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Vietnamese
Báo ba.æn / bau-an. To return, to repay; to render; to reward; to give respect or thanks for
a favour.
. phrase / ht se / het say. Beyond excitement, beyond words; terrific, splendid; a superlative
experience.
hi / hee-ew. Filial piety; respect, reverence for elders.
n / lee-em chin. Honest; incorruptible; innocent; moral.
Visayan (Phillipines)
Panuku. v. / .nu. / fah-noo-khoo. To be hesitant to do something, mainly on account of
propriety; to
Welsh
(transitive); to get cosy (intransitive). As noun: a
hug/cuddle; a sanctuary; a safe, welcoming place.
kun-uh-vin. Haunt, habitat; a place where one feels one ought to live; the
relationship one has to the place where one was born and/or feels at home.
Glas. adj. / glæs / glass, Blue and/or green; also white, sparkling, dazzling, pristine, youthful.
Hiraeth. n. / hira.heerr-ithe. Longing for ones homeland, with nostalgia and wistfulness.
l / hoo-iil. A stirring feeling of emotional motivation and energy; a melodic,
fervour; ecstatic inspiration; a chanting style of preaching; mood; fun.
Yagán
Mamihlapinatapai. n. / mæ.mi.læ.pmah-me-lah-pee-nah-tah-pie. A look between
people that expresses unspoken but mutual desire.
Yiddish
Bashert. n. / bet / beh-sharyt / aka
b-
or basherter (male).
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Chutzpah. n. / xts.p / khutz-puh. From the Hebrew ḥutspâ ( ), meaning insolence, cheek,
audacity. Nerve, effrontery, guts; sometimes used pejoratively.
Fargin. n. / fgn / fah-gin. Ungrudging and overt (expressed) pride and happiness at other's
successes.
Hachnasat orchim. -nash-at orh-
offering hospitality and respect to strangers.
Kvell. v. / kvl / kvell. To feel strong and overt (expressed) pride and joy in someone's successes.
Mechaye. n. / a.-khy-eh. Joy, pleasure; something that gives great joy/pleasure.
Mensch. n. / mnt / mentsh. Derived from the German term for person; used to describe a good
human being in its fullest sense.
Naches. n. / n.xs / nuh-khuz. Joyful pride in someone's successes (e.g., your progeny or student).
Schmooze. v. / / shmooz. To chat in a friendly and persuasive manner, especially so as to gain
favor, business, or connections
Tzedaka-tha-khaa. Gnerosity/charity (mandated by justice), required righteous
giving.
Yup’ik
Ella (aka cella, cilla). n. / -lah. Awareness; environment, world, universe; weather; mood;
can imply the notion that life as a whole (and all elements within it) possesses awareness.
Nutaan atam. int. / n t.m / noo-taan ut-
good, ready, and/or complete.
Tulukaruq. p. / -loo--rook / aka Qanglaagix (Aleut). The Raven, mythological
figure of the Inuit, Aleut and Yupik peoples; not a creator deity per se, but a figure who guides the
people and shapes their world (although can also feature
Yoruba
Iduni. n. / ih-doo-nee. Intense, absolute, indescribable joy.
Omoluabi. n. / -moh-loo-ah-bee.
acter, combining all virtues; the living embodiment of
societal values.
Lomas lexicography Provisional list by language April 2019
Zulu
-boon-