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J Insect Biodivers Syst 04(3): 197–202
ISSN: 2423-8112
JOURNAL OF
INSECT BIODIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATICS
Research Article
http://jibs.modares.ac.ir
http://zoobank.org/References/0B2B3542-F616-4D58-8072-E643EDC3FD92
Corresponding author: Seber sadeghi, E-mail: ssadeghi@shirazu.ac.ir
Copyright © 2018, Hakimara et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original author and source are credited.
The first report of the genus Sinuothrips (Thysanoptera:
Phlaeothripidae) from Iran
Mahsa Hakimara¹, Saber Sadeghi¹, Kambiz Minaei²* and Inci Sahin³
1 Department of Biology, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
Received:
28 October, 2018
Accepted:
24 December, 2018
Published:
29 December, 2018
Subject Editor:
Laurence Mound
ABSTR A C T . The genus and species, Sinuothrips hasta Collins, was identified
based on specimens of both sexes collected from Phragmites and an unkown
species of Asteraceae in Fars province. This genus is known previously only
from England, Turkey and China. A brief diagnostic characters for the genus
and species is provided and illustrated.
Key words: Iran, new record, thrips
Citation: Hakimara, M., Sadeghi, S., Minaei, K. & Sahin, I. (2018) The first report of the genus Sinuothrips
(Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 4 (3), 197–202.
Introduction
In the largest and most complex subfamily
in the insect order Thysanoptera,
Phlaeothripinae with 2935 species
(ThripsWiki, 2018), various attempts have
been made to recognise subgroups
(Priesner, 1960; Bhatti, 1992a, b). However
there is little phylogenetic evidence to
support most of these subgroups (Buckman
et al., 2013). Despite this, the tribe
Haplothripini is now well defined within
the subfamily Phlaeothripinae (Mound &
Minaei, 2007; Minaei & Mound, 2008).
In Iran information was provided by
Minaei & Mound, 2008 about four genera of
the tribe Haplothripini (Dolicholepta Priesner,
Haplothrips Amyot & Serville, Neoheegeria
Schmutz, Plicothrips Bhatti), and a fifth
genus of the tribe, Bagnalliella Karny was
reported by Mirab-balou et al. (2012) based
on specimens collected from Yucca flowers.
Subsequently, two other genera Karnyothrips
Watson and Podothrips Hood were recorded
for the country (Minaei, 2015; Miramirkhani
et al., 2016). In this paper, another genus of
this group is recorded and illustrated for
the first time from Iran.
Material and methods
The specimens discussed in this paper
were collected by beating flowers of plants
onto a plastic tray. The specimens then
were macerated in 2% NaOH solution for
12–14 hours and mounted onto slides in
Canada balsam after dehydration through
a series of ethanols using a form of protocol
described by Mound & Kibby (1998). An
Olympus BX51 phase-contrast microscope
was used for observations on structure.
Photomicrographs and measurements were
made using this microscope with DP27
digital camera and CellSens software.
198 Sinuothrips hasta new to Iran
Terminology used in this paper follows
Mound & Minaei (2007). The materials are
deposited in the Department of Plant
Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz
University, Shiraz, Iran.
Results
Sinuothrips Collins
Sinuothrips Collins, 2000: 286. Type species
Sinuothrips hasta Collins, 2000, by monotypy.
This genus is distinguished from other
genera in Haplothripini by prominent
dorsal projection in head which is extended
beyond antennal segment III (Fig. 2) also
the presence of three pairs of sigmoid wing
retaining setae on tergites IV-VII. Despite
these, in one of females that were studied
here abdominal tergite III has 2 wing
retaining setae on the left while 3 are
present on the right side of the tergite (Fig.
7). Morover, in another female, tergite IV
has the same arrangement in the left side
but has 4 wing rataing setae on the right.
Sinuothrips hasta Collins
Sinuothrips hasta Collins, 2000: 286.
The species was originally described from
specimens collected in England on
Phragmites imported from Turkey (Collins,
2000). It was subsequently recorded from
Inner Mongolia, China (Dang et al., 2013)
and also listed from Turkey (Tunc &
Hastenpflug-Vesmanis, 2016) .
Diagnosis: Female macroptera. Body
brown (Fig. 1), antennal segment II light
brown in basal third but paler in distal, III-V
yellow brownish (Fig. 3), base of forewings
dark, major body setae light brown.
Head with prominent dorsal projection
which is extended beyond antennal
segment III (Fig. 2) with maxillary stylets
almost 0.15 of head width apart, retracted
to post ocular setae; postocular setae small,
not extending to posterior margin of eyes.
Maxillary bridge well developed (Fig. 2).
Mouth cone rounded. Antennae 8-
segmented (Fig. 3), III and IV with 1 and 4
sense cones respectively.
Pronotum transverse (Fig. 4), with weak
sculpture lines except close to posterior
margin; epimeral sutures complete;
anteromarginal, anteroangular and
midlateral setae not developed while
epimeral as well as posteroangular setae
conspicuous. Prosternum with paired
basantra and ferna, basantra wider than
long. Fore tarsal tooth present but not large
(Fig. 2). Mesonotum transverse, weakly
reticulate, with no microtrichia. Metanotum
with polygonally reticulate sculpture (Fig.
5). Fore wing constricted medially with 7-8
duplicated cilia. Sub-basal setae S1, S2 and
S3 almost pointed, arranged in straight
line. Pelta broadly triangular, weakly
reticulate (Fig. 6). Abdominal tergites II–
VIII with weak reticulation antero-laterally,
II with 2 pairs of wing- retaining setaea, III-
VII with 2 pairs of wing- retaining setae but
in one side (the right) the posterior pair has
an extra sigmoid wing-retaining setae (Figs
6, 7), VII and VIII each with two
campaniform sensilla not close to each
other. Tube short, less than twice as long as
basal width (Fig. 8); anal setae longer than
tube.
Male macroptera. Similar to female in
colour and structure but smaller and the
dorsal projection of the head short, not
extending beyond antennal segment I (Fig.
10). Antennal segment III with 2 sense
cones. Fore tarsal tooth developed (10).
Aedagus rounded at the tip (Fig. 9).
Material examined: Fars province,
Khorambid, Bayan village, 1♀, 1♂, an
unknown Asteraceae, 3.ix.2015, leg.: M.
Hakimara. 1♀, the same data, Phragmites sp.
Distribution in Iran: Fars province (this
study).
Distribution in the world: Iran (this
study), Turkey (Collins, 2000; Tunc &
Hastenpflug-Vesmanis, 2016), England
(Collins, 2000).
Hakimara et al. 199
Figures 1–7. Sinuothrips hasta: 1. Female; 2. Head and fore legs; 3. Antenna; 4. Pronotum;
5. Meso and metanotum; 6. Pelta and tergite II; 7. Tergites III-IV.
200 Sinuothrips hasta new to Iran
Figures 8–10. Sinuothrips hasta: 8. Tergite IX and tube; 9. Aedagus and tube (male);
10. Antenna, head, forelegs and pronotum (male).
Discussion
The genus and species discussed in this
paper is readly seperated from other
Haplothripini by the dorsal projection on
the head (especially in females), as well as
the presence of three pairs of sigmoid wing
retaining setae on tergites IV-VII. Mound
(personal communication) spectaculated that
this thrips is probably common in the reeds
along the lower reaches of the Euphrates
and Tigris, so Fars province is a surprise, as
it is a bit more arid. However, all three
specimens were found in the north of Fars
province near spring.
The previous report of the species is
based on 12 females and 1 male that all
were collected on Phragmites australis
(Collins, 2000). In this study one female
was also collected on Phragmites sp. while
two other specimens were beaten from an
unknown Asteraceae. As all specimens
were collected in the same place in one day
it seems likely that the two on Asteraceae
were found accidentally. According to
Mound (2013) the small size and restless
behavior in thrips cause adults land on a
wide range of substrates, including plants,
on which they can not breed. As a result,
the unkown Asteraceae plant in this study
may not function as a host for Sinuothrips
hasta.
Acknowledgments
The first author is grateful to Hossein
Taghvaee, her husband, for helping in
collecting the specimens discussed in this
paper and supporting her during the
research process with patience and resilience.
The manuscript was improved through the
advice and criticisms kindly provided by
Laurence Mound (CSIRO Entomology,
Australia) and two anonymous reviewers.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict
of interest regarding the publication of this
paper.
Hakimara et al. 201
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202 Sinuothrips hasta new to Iran
SinuothripsThysanoptera: Phaeothripidae
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ssadeghi@shirazu.ac.ir
Sinuothrips hasta Collins
Phragmites
Asteraceae
