Design of Ergonomic Work Desk for Workbench Practicum

Abstract

Polytechnics as vocational education that applies more mastery of ability in the field of technology by prioritizing 70% practicum and 30% theory. As for workbench practicum, it is one of the basic practicum in the Automotive Engineering Department. This practicum contains basic mechanical work that is within the scope of conventional machining. The problem is the ineffectiveness in conducting the practicum process, where facilities and infrastructure are minimal and far away from the reach of work equipment, thus inhibiting the bench work practicum process. So it needs to be conducted on ergonomic workbench by determined good body position or movement based on the RULA value. The results of the application of ergonomic bench design workbench related that with setting equipment in one table, worker position, and the use of equipment had a value of RULA was 4.

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Jurnal Rancang bangun dan Teknologi (Journal of Engineering Design and Technology) 14
LOGIC
Journal of Engineering Design and Technology
Vol. 19 No.1 March 2019 ; p. 14 - 19
DESIGN OF ERGONOMIC WORK DESK FOR
WORKBENCH PRACTICUM
1,2 3) Mechanical Engineering
Department, State
Polythecnic of Tanah Laut,
South Kalimantan
Corresponding email :
1)kur.artika@gmail.com
Kurnia Dwi Artika 1), Rusuminto Syahyuniar 2), Adhiela Noer
Syaief 3)
Abstract. Polytechnics as vocational education that applies more mastery of
ability in the field of technology by prioritizing 70% practicum and 30%
theory. As for workbench practicum, it is one of the basic practicum in the
Automotive Engineering Department. This practicum contains basic
mechanical work that is within the scope of conventional machining. The
problem is the ineffectiveness in conducting the practicum process, where
facilities and infrastructure are minimal and far away from the reach of work
equipment, thus inhibiting the bench work practicum process. So it needs to
be conducted on ergonomic workbench by determined good body position or
movement based on the RULA value. The results of the application of
ergonomic bench design workbench related that with setting equipment in
one table, worker position, and the use of equipment had a value of RULA
was 4.
Keywords : Ergonomic, Workbench, Vise, Effectivity, RULA
1. INTRODUCTION
Automotive engine is one of the study programs at State Polytechnic of Tanah Laut. Automotive engine
study programs continue to strive to organize and develop vocational education that is in accordance with the
competencies in the field of mechanical engineering and automotive to be able to meet the needs of industry in
Tanah Laut District. as a vocational education, automotive engine study programs have a curriculum of 70%
practicum and 30% theory. This aims to make students more skilled in working skills [1]
One of the practicum in the automotive engine study program curriculum is workbench practicum.
Workbench practicum is a basic practicum in the field of mechanical engineering. This practicum is usually
conducted in the first semester of lecture.
In various studies, there has been an influence of the application of ergonomics in the world of work, such
as improving work performance due to the implementation of ergonomics in workbench practicum at 5.74%
compared to not applying ergonomics, namely in the assessment of aspects of working time, flatness,
sophistication, conformity fineness of workpiece [2].
Sutarna (2013), the research has used the foundation for workbench practicum by measuring the workload
through the pulse of a minute to the height of the vise, the results has revealed that the use of the foundation was
very effective in increasing comfort, health and safety of students in workbench practicum [3].
There are problems such as the wrong position in practice, the lack of equipment so there is a waiting time
(turns) in the use of tools, and remote equipment coverage, so an ergonomic work desk design is needed to
accommodate students in practicing workbench in groups without having to move places, because the workpiece
and equipment will be in one table in the middle to facilitate the process of working the bench.
2. METHODS
The stages to be conducted in this study were as follows Figure 1:
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e-ISSN : 2580-5649
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LOGIC
Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi Vol. 19 No. 1 March 2019
Journal of Engineering Design and Technology 15
Figure 1. Flow Diagram
After conducting the work desk design then the next work desk design is conducted in accordance with the
results of observations of students who did practicum and workbench practicum activities to be conducted. It
concerned about the dimensions, shape, work corner of the bench, workbench material, effectiveness, and RULA
(Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) [4].
The method of evaluating to person's body and muscle parts during activities measured by the level of
injury risk. Such as workplace accidents, injuries, the best position and ergonomics. This is influenced by [5]:
a. The work position is not natural
b. Repeat work on one type of muscle
c. Excessive use of energy
d. Static work position
e. Contact occurs with body parts with the environment or work equipment
f. Method / method of work
g. Working hours are too long
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Data retrieval was conducted in the Workshop, by measuring student body posture, along with height
measurement data Table 1.
Table 1. Student Body Height Data Practicum Workbench
Initials Name of Students
Height
body
Armpit
height
Upper arm
length
Forearm
length
Wrist height
a
b
c
d
e
IS
MR
AM
HD
AF
DN
DS
FZ
SP
AN
AR
FT
FR
Fikri
AG
EW
BA
FM
IK
RA
Mean
175
171
157
160
175
170
168
160
163
166
167
170
174
178
166
175
170
172
166
161
168.20
133
134
123
123
133
134
132
126
127
129
120
130
134
135
127
138
134
128
130
120
129.50
33
31
28
28
31
31
30
26
27
28
33
26
30
30
28
30
28
26
28
26
28.90
30
28
28
25
29
28
27
26
25
29
27
30
30
29
30
30
26
26
28
24
27.75
81
81
77
78
86
85
84
80
78
80
78
85
84
84
80
83
84
80
84
80
81.60
(source: research data, cm)
Preliminary studies
Identification of problems
Collecting Data
Design of Ergonomic Workbench
Simulation RULA and confirmation

LOGIC
Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi Vol. 19 No. 1 March 2019
Journal of Engineering Design and Technology 16
The following is a method of measurement conducted on students body posture, as in Figure 2, for example
a is for height, b for armpit height and so on.
Figure 2. Methods of Student Body Posture Measurement
Figure 3. Design of Ergonomic Workbench
With the average height of the student doing the workbench practicum was 168.2 cm, with the upper arm
length of 28.9 cm, it could be determined the height of the hollow metal as the workmanship was 95 cm, with a
height of 20 cm. So the total height of the vagus was 115 cm, according to the lower arm angle of 65 degrees, from
arm straightness with RULA 2 score, and max workbench capacity for 4 students.
Figure 4. Neck and Head Position
a
b
c
d
e

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Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi Vol. 19 No. 1 March 2019
Journal of Engineering Design and Technology 17
In Figure 4, could be seen the angle for the head position slightly looking down at the vise and the work
process in hand, getting the RULA 2 score.
Figure 5. Leg Position (a) Right; (b) Left
For the position of the foot as shown in Figure 5, in conducting the practicum, the left foot was forward
for 23 degrees, and the right foot was backward by 0.9 degrees. The pedestal was charged to the left leg, because
the movement of the hand muscles was on the right. It conducted in order to be strong in the process of thinking
or cutting metal, the results will be maximum and accurate.
Figure 6. Wrist Position
Seen in Figure 6, the back position was slightly bent, around 6 degrees, so that the RULA score was 2.
(a) Right
(b) Left

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Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi Vol. 19 No. 1 March 2019
Journal of Engineering Design and Technology 18
Figure 7. Position of the Right Hand (a) Upper arm ; (b) Forearm
In Figure 7, the position of the upper right arm got a RULA 2 score, and the RULA score forearm 1. This
attitude was in accordance with the bent back movement, so the work wasn’t too heavy and is highly recommended
in the process of implementing workbench practicum.
Figure 8. Position of the Left Hand (a) Upper arm ; (b) Forearm
In Figure 8, the position of the upper left arm got a RULA score of 3, and the forearm score of RULA 2.
This attitude were still permitted to perform the workbench practicum process, because the position was rather
straight from the upper arm to reach the corner of the equipment while holding and as a guide. so the workload is
large and the angles formed were also large, with repetitive work. Seen in Table 2.
Table 2. RULA score before and after applying workbench ergonomic
RULA score
Ergonomic
workbench
Position
Before
After
Neck
Trunk
Wrist
Left Upper arm
Left Forearm
Right Upper arm
Right Forearm
Leg
4
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
Total Score
6
4
(a) upper arm
(b) forearm
(a) Upper arm
(b) Forearm

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Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi Vol. 19 No. 1 March 2019
Journal of Engineering Design and Technology 19
4. CONCLUSION
The ergonomic design of the workbench had dimensions of 115 cm, table diameter of 120 cm, and diameter
of the equipment 50 cm that could be rotated, with the calculation of RULA was 4 and workbench maksimum
capacity of 4 students.
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author would like to thank the director of the State Polytechnic of Tanah Laut who has provided
funding for DIPA (PDP research) and P3M as research organizers who provide direction and motivation for the
smooth running of our research.
6. REFERENCES
[1] K. D. Artika, Panduan Praktikum Kerja Bangku. Pelaihari: Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut, 2017.
[2] T. A. Wibowo, Solichin, dan A. Martiningsih, “Meningkatkan Prestasi Kerja Bangku Dengan Penerapan
Ergonomi,” Tek. Mesin, vol. 22, no. 1, hal. 1–7, 2014.
[3] I. N. Sutarna, “Analisis Ketinggian Ragum Terhadap Beban Kerja Mahasiswa Praktek Kerja Bangku Di
Bengkel Teknologi Mekanik Politeknik Negeri Bali,” LOGIC, vol. 13, no. 3, hal. 82–87, 2013.
[4] A. R. Sutalaksana dan J. H. Tjakraatmadja, Teknik Tata Cara Kerja. 1979.
[5] I. M. L. Batan, Desain Produk, Pertama. Surabaya: Guna Widya, 2012.