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1
Studio Research ‘Shrunk to this Little Measure?’
Professor Ross Woodrow
Queensland College of Art, Griffith University
Introduction
The Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) process has proved a very useful
exercise for academics working in the creative fields. Individuals producing non-
traditional research outputs such as exhibitions, film and performance have been
asked, often for the first time, to describe the background, context and significance of
their research. This also offers the opportunity to examine how curators and artists
working in various mediums describe their research. What follows is a comparative
analysis of sixty-five ERA research statements from one institution with sixty-five
randomly selected science abstracts from peer-reviewed journals in the fields of
biological, environmental and health sciences along with applied physics and
chemistry.
Since the beginning of debate around the creative arts as research in Australian in
the mid-1990s, I have often heard the claim made that the studio as a site for
research in academe most resembles the science laboratory. I generally agreed with
this proposition, based on the historical precedent of the seventeenth-century Dutch
artist, exemplified by Vermeer and Pieter Janssen, who used their studios as sites for
experimentation with light and lenses and the model of the Italian Renaissance artist
who Gombrich would claim ‘works like a scientist [whose] works exist not only for
their own sake but also to demonstrate certain problem-solutions’ (Alpers in Jones
and Galison, 1998, p.416). And because of these claims, I was prompted to take the
opportunity offered by the ERA to explore what correspondence exits between the
terms that artists and scientists use to describe their research. Given the size of my
available sample I realised from the beginning that it is too small to make definitive
judgments. However, because the samples are certainly large enough to indicate any
significant differences between the two broad disciplines represented, I have also
chosen a basic concordance methodology to highlight any potential correspondences
and differences in the use of key words associated with description of modes of
operation and outcomes of research in each of the board fields of art and science.
2
In linguistics and the social sciences generally, concordance theory has been used
as a quantitative instrument to give the validity of replicability to the analysis of texts
and discourse. I am not following either of these disciplines in claiming any rigid
structuralist analysis of the sample texts. Instead I am offering a preliminary
qualitative assessment of the significant divergence, the quantitative concordance
sampling has revealed in how artists and scientists describe their research. Most
importantly the outcome of this pilot investigation indicates the need for a larger study
using the data now collected from across all universities by the Australian Research
Council (ARC) in the ERA process.
Scope and Method
For ERA 2010, Research Statements were required for all non-traditional outputs
submitted for peer review and the ARC stipulated the format of the statements. The
full specifications were given with an example as ‘Appendix D’ of the ERA 2010
Submission Guidelines published by the Commonwealth Government (available
online: www.arc.gov.au/era/). The following summary will suffice to indicate the
matrix that was dictated for the statement.
The statement must be around 250 words (no more than 2000 characters) and
address the following categories:
1. Research Background
Field
Context
Research Question
2. Research Contribution
Innovation
New Knowledge
3. Research Significance
Evidence of Excellence (77)
For the purposes of the ERA, non-traditional outputs were divided into three
groupings, with various subcategories. These were:
1. Original Creative Works: Visual art work, Design/Architectural work, textural work
(including catalogue essays) and Other.
2. Curated or Produced Substantial Public Exhibitions and Events (this is where the
curator is not the producer of the work)
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3. Recorded/Rendered Creative Works: Film/Video, Performance, Inter-arts,
Website/Web exhibition and Other.
The sixty-five ERA research statements chosen for this sample were all from the
ERA Field of Research (FoR) 1902 and 1905, Film, Television and New Media and
Visual Arts and Crafts respectively. The three broad groups 1, 2 are 3 above are
included, however there are no statements representing Design, Architectural work
or Performance. Original Creative Visual Art Work dominates the sample. The
statements have been de-identified with the removal of individual’s names when they
appear in the concordance text strings along with removal of titles of exhibitions or
works that would identify the artist. Proper names have also been expunged from the
full concordance listing for the combined research statements. It should also be
noted that in cases where artists introduced the subsections of their statements with
headings such as “Research Question” or “New Knowledge” these were not included
in the concordance document.
The full-text concordance for the collected ERA visual art research statements and
the science abstracts are presented as Appendix 3 and Appendix 4 respectively. No
words have been suppressed in each search but all the data has been treated as
lower case to help compress the ranking. The concordance program used is AntCon
developed in 2007 by Laurence Anthony at the School of Science and Engineering,
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
As noted above, research statements for the ERA were limited to 2000 characters
and each of the sixty-five statements in this sample are around 240 words making a
total count of 16,051 words for the analysis document. There is considerable
variation in the word length of the sixty-five randomly selected science abstracts with
a limited number over 250 words but the majority are in the order of 100 words in
length. As a result, the total word count for the analysis document is only 8,296
words, or slightly over half the word count of the visual art statement document. This
difference should not make a significant impact on the comparative concordance
analysis since my aim is to find descriptive terms related to the operational modes
and outcomes or significance of the research in each case and a condensation of
any abstract, or research statement, would by necessity contain the key terms
relevant to such analysis.
4
As is revealed by the Key Word In Context (KWIC) charts, Appendix 1 & 2, most key
words were searched in all their forms of regular expression or using the “REGEX”
program option.
Findings
The personal pronoun ‘I’ and ‘my’ are missing from both the science and visual art
statements whereas Darwin’s Origin of Species contains almost 1000 uses of ‘I’, 149
uses of ‘my’ and 151 uses of ‘me’. Darwin also used ‘we’ 1155 times in the Origin
and although ‘we’ is one of the words suppressed in the concordance it is clear that
he used this in a general collective sense.
In the science abstracts ‘we’ occurs fifteen times in eight abstracts, or 12% of the
total, and in every case it signifies the specific group of authors of the article or
report. The fact that only five of the sixty-five science abstracts are by single authors
explains the lack of the personal pronoun ‘I’ as it explains the way collaborative
research in science has developed since the nineteenth century when Darwin was
working. The majority of the articles in the science sample are by multiple rather than
dual authors. While research teams are the norm in science, the opposite is usually
the case in the visual arts where outputs are generally created by individuals. Almost
all the visual arts outputs in this sample of sixty five were by individual artists, writers
or curators. However, it is important to note that for the sake of stylistic conformity the
research statements in the sample were all edited to read in the third person, even
though many of the original statements were written in the first person. With the
hindsight offered by this comparison it may have been more appropriate to retain the
first person register in the visual arts research statements.
Descriptions of research in science and visual art do correspond on a number of
terms but in every case the correlation is weak. Where science and visual art differ in
descriptions of research the divergence is strong. The following table makes this
evident (Table 1).
Table 1
Science usage
Visual Art usage
Analysis
37
1
Aesthetics
0
16
Comparison
16
1
5
Contest
0
1
Create
0
31
Critique
0
11
Demonstrate
5
15
Describe
3
0
Determine
14
1
Explore
0
23
Expression
2
8
Inquiry
0
1
Insight
0
3
Interpret
1
4
Investigate
12
8
Knowledge
1
4
Metaphor
0
8
Method
24
16
Model
17
2
Observed
13
1
Poetic
0
2
Provoke
0
2
Show
20
11
Study
26
7
Suggest
7
0
Understanding
3
26
Value
8
14
Many of the differences are amplified when this table is read in conjunction with the
KWIC charts (Appendix 1 & 2). For example, ‘show’ is mostly used as a noun in the
visual art extracts but exclusively as a verb in the science abstracts. Similarly, ‘value’
in the science abstracts refers exclusively to specific scales or degrees of measure
while in the visual art extracts it takes a more relaxed or general sense of quality.
The tentative indications from this small study suggest that visual art research and
experimental science are not closely related, despite the abiding claim that studio
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research most approaches the model of research in the science laboratory. The
results do however mostly confirm the existing images of the distinctive operations of
art and science. Scientists analyse, investigate, observe, determine, compare, and
study by using or constructing methods and models. Artists create, critique, explore,
interpret, express insights and increase our understanding.
Most interesting are the distinctions that are anomalous or in contrast to the usual
stereotype of scientist or artist. For example, ‘observation’ has traditionally been the
province of the artist and scientist but this result suggests such activity is the primary
preserve of the scientist and obviously needs further scrutiny. This is particularly so
considering the work by Peter Galison and Lorraine Daston, among others, in
demonstrating the very subjective nature of ‘observation’ in science when it relates to
image making and analysis, with scientists often working ‘in a space that is at once
scientific and artistic’ (Daston & Galison, 2007, p.412; see also Elkins, 1999, esp.
p.8-51). In relation to the use of digital images in science for modelling and analysis,
Daston and Galison have suggested that:
At this point, the relationship of science to aesthetics has departed from all our
earlier models. Art and science are not self-evidently a single enterprise (few
today assume that the True and the Beautiful must necessarily converge), nor
do they stand in stalwart opposition to each other. Instead, they uneasily but
productively reinforce each other in a few borderline areas (2007, p.412).
Also unexpectedly, the artist rather than the scientist seems to take the role of
‘demonstrating’ a result or outcome and even more perplexing, ‘knowledge’ in this
sample rests decidedly in the visual arts research, although the numbers are
impossibly small. It is also interesting that ‘invention’ and ‘discovery’ in any form do
not appear in the science or visual art texts.
What is most clearly indicated in this pilot study is that the characteristic feature of
visual arts research is its contribution to advancing understanding. Indeed the
distinction between the degree of the use ‘understanding’ in science and art is large
and the twenty-one instances in the visual art statements also measure substantially
above general or specialist usage. For example in the Leeds University English
Internet Corpus of 110 million words the frequency of ‘understanding’ is 29.23 times
per million words (http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/list.html). In Darwin’s Origin of Species,
‘understanding’ only occurs nine times and the cluster ‘understanding of’ does not
occur at all in the 153,773 words of the text (Barrett et. al., 1981, p.774).
7
Table 2
Clusters of collocates for “understanding”.
1 22 understanding of
2 5 an understanding
3 3 and understanding
4 3 the understanding
5 2 increased understanding
6 1 and understand
7 1 based understandings
8 1 deeper understanding
9 1 greater understanding
10 1 his understanding
11 1 immutable understanding
12 1 indigenous understanding
13 1 new understandings
14 1 original understanding
15 1 our understanding
16 1 particular understanding
17 1 promote understanding
18 1 tight understanding
19 1 understand the
20 1 understanding and
21 1 understandings and
Speculative Conclusions
The absence of ‘signify’, ‘denotes’ or ‘connotation’ and the regular expressions
associated with each in the art statements might be seen as evidence for the demise
of the semiotic paradigm but I would not attempt such a claim since from my
experience artists have rarely ever used mechanistic semiotic descriptors for their
work.
In recent years there has been an increasing interest by art historians in bringing the
new knowledge developed in neuroscience into understanding the operation of art.
John Onians has both outlined the scope of these recent studies and identified a
historical lineage of theorists from across a broad spectrum who identified the link
8
between art and the min (Onians, 2007, esp. p.7-17). In describing the recent
emergence of ‘neuroarthistory’ Onians quotes Norman Bryson in acknowledging the
demise of Poststructuralist thought or the semiotic paradigm with its ‘clerical outlook’
that reduces artefacts to discourse texts (Onians, 2007, p.1). Two important points
need to be made here. First, the way art historians and other writers describe the
operation of art may not necessarily parallel the way artists describe their work as
research (after all, we have very little precedent for such descriptions by artists).
Secondly, the recent neuroscience motivated focus on the cognitive nature of art
making and reception, most notably by Barbara Stafford (2007), does not necessarily
mark a distinctive severing with semiotic analysis which is often oversimplified to an
absolute reduction of meaning and subjectivity to a system of symbolic codes.
For example, three decades ago, Nelson Goodman’s the Languages of Art was
considered a founding text, exemplifying the epistemic turn towards a semiotic
analysis of image and text. However Goodman’s attitude to understanding art as a
‘cognitive’ activity can be framed in ways that are not at all incompatible with Onians
or Stafford’s views. Indeed, they may offer a bridge between the use of neuroscience
and aesthetics. Reflecting on Languages of Art and writing ten years after their jointly
published Reconceptions (1988), Goodman’s co-author, Catherine Elgin would claim:
The job of aesthetics is to explain how. Such a contention would be capricious
if epistemology were construed as the theory of knowledge. Rarely are the
arts repositories of justified true beliefs. But knowledge, Goodman and I
contend, is unworthy to be our ultimate cognitive objective. Far better to set
our sights on understanding. And far better for epistemology to treat
understanding as the focus of its concern (Elgin, 1997, p.63).
Goodman and Elgin would not be surprised that the concordance analysis privileges
descriptions of visual art with the terms ‘metaphor’ and ‘demonstrate/ion’ since they
contend that art operates as a form of metaphoric exemplification. Exemplification
also plays a key role in empirical science but metaphorical reference is excluded
from almost all forms of scientific inquiry. As Carlo Ginzberg pointed out, all
knowledge that requires for its operation a judgment based on carefully observed
cumulative events or sequenced objects will follow ‘the narrative axis of metonymy,
with the rigorous exclusion of metaphor’ (Ginzburg, 1986, p.103).
Given the preliminary findings, it would be most useful, and certainly feasible, to
repeat this process with a significant sample of five hundred similarly de-identified
research statements submitted for the ERA 2010 process. A concordance of such a
9
sample compared to that of an equal number of science abstracts would lend itself to
much more comprehensive and definitive conclusions. In other words, such a study
of studio research would belie the quote from Shakespeare that forms my title.
10
References
Alpers, S. (1998) ‘The Studio, the Laboratory, and the Vexations of Art’ (401-417) in
Jones, C.A. & Galison, P. (eds) Picturing Science Producing Art, New York:
Routledge.
Barrett, P. H. et al. (1981) A Concordance of Darwin’s Origin of Species, Ithaca and
London: Cornell University Press.
Commonwealth Government of Australia, ERA (2010) Submission Guidelines,
published Dec 2009. Available online: www.arc.gov.au/era/
Daston, L and Galison, P. (2009) Objectivity, New York: Zone Books.
Elgin, C. Z. (1997) Between the Absolute and the Arbitrary, Ithaca and London:
Cornell University Press.
Elkins, J. (1999) The Domain of Images, Ithaca and London: Cornell University
Press.
Carlo G. (1989) Clues, Myths, and the Historical Method, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
Univ. Press.
Goodman, N. (1981, first ed. 1976). Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of
Symbols, Brighton, Sussex: Harvester Press.
Onians, J. (2007). Neuroarthistory: from Aristotle and Pliny to Baxandall and Zeki,
New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
Stafford, B. M. (2007). Echo Objects: The Cognitive Work of Images, Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
The sample of science abstracts was drawn from a random selection of peer-
reviewed journals in biological, environmental and health sciences along with applied
physics and chemistry. The selected journal issues are listed below:
Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, Vol. 32, No 2 x3
Adirondack Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 13, No. 1,
Advances in Medical and Dental Sciences Jan 2008 x 2, May 2008
The American Journal of Public Health Vol 100 No 6 x 3
Bioresource Technology Vol. 100, No. 2 x 6
Environmental Health Perspectives Vol 108, No 11 x 7.
Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine Vol 4 No 3.
Expert Review of Hematology Vol 3 Nos 1, 3.
Fishery Bulletin Vol. 107, No 2 x 3.
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International Journal of Biological and Life Sciences Vol 6 No 4
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society Vol 86, Nos 1 x 2, 5 x 2, 8 x 2, 11, Vol
87, Nos 3, 4.
Journal of Analytical Chemistry Vol 61 No 9 x 4; Vol 65 Nos 1 x3, 4x2, 5 x4, 8, 10, 11
Journal of Applied Physics Vol 107 No 6
Journal of Drug Issues Vol 40 No1 x 3,
Marine Fisheries Review Vol. 70, no. 1 x 3
Water International Vol. 29, No. 2 x 3
12
APPENDIX 1
KWIC results for Visual Art Research Statements
1 terpret the text, examples in this exhibition are analysed in relation to the inclusions in the book, which
1 ontribute to the ongoing discourse related to the aesthetics of photography and the specific nature of photo-
2 l strategy to bridge the intense politicised punk aesthetic of the 1970s and the later developments of postmo
3 and meaning in everyday objects and explores the aesthetics of rubbish. Twelve Apostles was curated into a n
4 Current international developments in relational aesthetics [N. Bourriaud 1998] have identified a stream wit
5 cial science, investigative journalism and visual aesthetic in ways that have defied the traditional ontology
6 ve journalism and ethnography with the politic of aesthetics to affect an intellectual and sensorial response
7 with the international developments in relational aesthetics the last two decades have been dominated by enga
8 occurring within the considerations of relational aesthetics. The exhibition also brought together works that
9 e extent to which the residue of these relational aesthetics of the original projects could be contained with
10 ntributed to establishing an exemplary relational aesthetic project. The project increased the attendance at
11 eproduction, prompts recognition, awe, amusement, aesthetic response, and critical thought. The aim with this
12 cinema, screen and popular culture, high and low aesthetics and Bourriaud's theories of social contexts in a
13 a body of work that investigates the overlapping aesthetic of the organic and the mechanical. Aerate become
14 reusing everyday objects and materials in highly aesthetic and meaningful ways that do not compromise the fi
15 in this exhibition are the outcome of a study in aesthetics, or neo-aesthetics, with specific emphasis on th
16 are the outcome of a study in aesthetics, or neo-aesthetics, with specific emphasis on the challenge of the
1 ence in an online setting. Its value on this is attested to by the following indicators: its inclusion
2 certain objects, events and sites. Its value is attested by a number of indicators, including its select
3 of the gallery exhibition context. Its value is attested to by the following indicators: favourable revi
1 to the inclusions in the book, which are in turn compared to the exhibits in Ripley's only Australian muse
1 twork. Documentary photography as been a very contested area of practice for a number of decades. This
1 tion context, The -------------------- series are created from smoke and mirrors and critique notions of p
2 dney Morning Herald Weekend Magazine. ----------- created a media controversy over the hidden metaphors in
3 tionally large sheets of film, before exposure to create the image. The results reveal exceptional detail
4 g sculpture and public art. Blur Between has been created from contemporary materials such as neoprene. --
5 em. An innovative material (neoprene) was used to create a public artwork to signify softness and calmness
6 raditional materials for public art this work has created an important precedent in permanent public art c
7 ecades. This collection of images was selected to create an understanding of the nature of documentary pra
8 relatively contemporary material has been used to create the sculpture and echoes its use in the fabricati
9 om other lands. This grafting of cultural hybrids creates a connectedness evidenced by adherence to custom
10 ince colonisation non-indigenous Australians have created their vision of a new homeland mirrored from the
11 ating sculpture and public art. -------- has been created from contemporary materials such as synthetic gr
13
12 interdisciplinary and collaborative process that created new hybrid methodologies between art and archite
13 ropic support for research, which is ongoing, and created a nationally significant profile for the artist,
14 ion of the body as a discrete entity. These works create visual alternatives to the body as vessel or clos
15 ion of unlikely materials and the distorted image created by hand manipulated materials. This work also in
16 tween the moulded clay and moving projected image creates an interaction where each alternatively informs
17 This project was an experiment in having artists create works out of the safety of the gallery and most i
18 roject increased the attendance at the Museum and created renewed interest in the possibilities for artist
19 in sparse linear method, as a deliberate ploy to create a more poetic visual language similar to the poet
20 nership. Collector, artist and public institution created a case study on the motivations, processes and b
21 tion was most significant in achieving its aim to create international awareness and developing new audien
22 ulture but the dominant culture is still a hybrid created by European and other groups who often claim a c
23 ight be. Since colonisation non- Australians have created their vision of a new homeland mirrored from the
24 of his other artworks, addresses these issues to create awareness of the ridiculous maintenance of these
25 temple ------- common to many British gardens was created from artificial grass. It was site responsive an
26 uction. Early colonizers had a strong desire to recreate the known into the unknown. There was a strong de
27 rationale for the residencies was for artists to create works demonstrating original insights into specif
28 s represented in the exhibition ( many works were created specifically for this show) position themselves
29 ent workshops, seminars on painting in the studio created for the artist and in the Gallery. It presented
30 ies to extend sculpture into the public realm and create an informed dialogue between curators, artists an
31 ent. New installation work , from here to nowhere,created for this exhibition extends and addresses curren
1 age series are created from smoke and mirrors and critique notions of photographic reality. While the smoke
2 ernism to deal with issues of contemporary social critique.The significance of this research lies in its cr
3 of international sites and in so doing focused a critique on implications of cross-cultural collaboration
4 . In the context of diverse art forms these works critique figurative representational language.Research Co
5 hotographic works extend photographic language to critique philosophical ideas concerning the limitation of
6 imes hard to distinguish -------’s straight-faced critique of western mysticism and --------’s politically-
7 tern mysticism and ---------’s politically-loaded critique of indigenous pseudo-spirituality. Both rely on i
8 n for, although she can work within the --------- critique of sham mysticism as privileged domain of Western
9 nal reportage. A journal-keeping perspective was critiqued in HYPERLINK "--------------------------------
10 from artificial grass. It was site responsive and critiqued the British colonial house and garden where the
11 identity, culture and history. In -------------- critiques colonization and its continued influence on Aust
1 ividual pieces, and in its totality, continues to demonstrate the possibilities for the medium of painting.
2 garden. The works in this exhibition continue to demonstrate the artist's ability to find original ways to br
3 ibition was a significant opportunity for ---- to demonstrate the primary focus of her creativity. ----'s work
4 on take this proposition further by attempting to demonstrate that the image itself, rather than the hi-fideli
5 mean the spirit of a place). This solo exhibition demonstrated an ongoing engagement with aspects of this deba
6 its cultural and geographical specificities, and demonstrated the value of TSI art practices amid the field o
7 ----'s work for a two year period and had already demonstrated that he could articulate an original understand
8 oncerns within the works. The collection of work demonstrated the potential for high level philosophical spec
9 al parameters of the group's practice and this is demonstrated in his contribution to the 2009 publication of
14
10 sual art and art education and as this exhibition demonstrated her practice is informed by hybrid blends of bl
11 es of exhibitions over three years the artist has demonstrated a progressive development of the nature/culture
12 ional context. Most significantly this exhibition demonstrates the possibilities for documentary photography a
13 such an informed use of archival material it also demonstrates the particular praxis possible with the integra
14 contemporary art in the Aisia-Pacific region and demonstrates her leadership role as Director of the research
15 endumu Men’s Museum, which opened in 1971. ------ demonstrates in this exhibition that ---------- was one of t
1 ion is formed over several decades where the only determinate appears to be the taste of the collector. Accou
1 to ignore the idiosyncratic aspects of the newly discovered country in which they had begun their new life.
1 al reference. ------------ is perfectly placed to explore such potentialities because her practice has alwa
2 makers to propose documentary projects that would explore the online environment in innovative, challenging
3 d an Australia Council New Works grant to further explore the research of custom made and found objects in
4 se three works exhibited in this group exhibition explore the idea of the human body as a dynamic energetic
5 er related series used steam as starting point to explore the possibilities of transcending illusionism and
6 nces who visited each public gallery were able to explore the personal taste and vision of a private collec
7 t practice.The project offered an opportunity to explore curatorial practice and at the same time initiate
8 bringing together a body of work that extensively explored important social, political and environmental th
9 s work --------, 2009 further developed the ideas explored in The ------------ontemporary Australia is
10 se, MOMA, N.Y. 1999. In this project the research explored the possibility of using art mediums to translat
11 unction of collecting only for financial gain and explored personal and social values as motivation for col
12 ommunity based workshops. The curatorial question explored in the exhibition titled “--------------” was: wh
13 red objects.-- Their suggestive possibilities are explored particularly the links between objects, memory a
14 ies about Australian visual art and culture to be explored and presented to a diverse audience. Finally the
15 ibition (component of the project) considered and explored, through -------’s colmanufacture, discarding an
16 recollection. It also explores the link between modernism, memory and meaning i
17 rnism, memory and meaning in everyday objects and explores the aesthetics of rubbish.--------------- was c
18 vironments and ecological systems. In doing so it explores areas of environmental degradation not previousl
19 tic realms. In the resulting work, ----, -------, explores the relationship between the handmade and manufa
20 vironments and ecological systems. In doing so it explores areas of environmental degradation not previousl
21 ynthetic material. --------’s collective practice explores an interest in the transformation of ordinary ob
22 for the Heysen Prize for Interpretation of Place)explores contemporary definitions of success. Other paint
23 orial rationale for the exhibition: "------------ explores the creative approaches of contemporary artists
1 amed by memory and ideology and therefore both an expression and a representation of culture. The ABC is cu
2 in ways that raised questions about the range of expressions and approaches artists use to engage critical
3 e possibilities for documentary photography as an expressive practice. This is because the individual image
4 blic art is often regarded as antithetical to the expressive demands of individual practice and -------- ha
5 ’ regardless of the idea and reality of energetic expression. In the context of diverse art forms these wor
6 led post-modern sublime that was often seen as an expression of deep loss or impossibility of representatio
7 l connections to the specific sites through their expressive work by engaging cultural or environmental dis
15
8 m noir, in terms of nocturnal light - what German expressionists called stimmung. ------ worked with ------
1 s documentary practice as an innovative method of inquiry and gives voice to those people who are too easil
1 . ---------------------- attempts to import these insights into its documentary production. The research em
2 or artists to create works demonstrating original insights into specific natural environments throughout re
3 nd the gallery became a studio/lab. Expansive new insight into the artist's interests was researched for pu
1 bsent images/ideas. This contributes to a broader interpretation and perception of memory and culture through
2 or Not as an art theory text. To establish how to interpret the text, examples in this exhibition are analyse
3 bsent images/ideas. This contributes to a broader interpretation and perception of memory and culture through
4 actice that incorporates contemporary visual work interpreted through textile. The impact of this biennale is
1 e typical Australian past time, of lawn-mowing to investigate Australian cultural icons and their impact on id
2 sts such as Henri Matisse (1869-1954) in order to investigate a range of specific autobiographical topics. The
3 object. The artist’s studio practice continues to investigate these concerns in a variety of disciplines inclu
4 stralia. One of the aims of the exhibition was to investigate the changing synergies and continuities in the t
5 at is Australian culture. This curatorial project investigated the dynamics of how a collection is formed over
6 ng relationship to minimalism and abstraction and investigates the shift between the subject and object of pai
7 ived over 1200 visitors. The artist’s recent work investigates the potential for engaging phenomenology based
8 d modernism. Aerate continues a body of work that investigates the overlapping aesthetic of the organic and th
1 nt to the new Library) and someone with an expert knowledge of the history of physiognomy.The work receive
2 hosen to co-curate this exhibition because of her knowledge and experience and her successful involvement in
3 blends of black and white cultural and historical knowledge synthesized into an original and legitimate compo
4 source materials and studio processes facilitated knowledge paths into the artist's output, with increased un
1 y chosen. Furthermore, it provided an appropriate metaphor for the legal process for JAG whilst embracing no
2 ----- created a media controversy over the hidden metaphors in her work and in the ensuing national press de
3 ally represented within an architectural space to metaphorically refer to navigation and site, as well as pr
4 ult problem of translating established scientific metaphors into tangible, engaging visual works of art. In
5 ion of ordinary objects into something poetic and metaphoric. In particular these works reflect the traditio
6 itional abstract sculptural form and contemporary metaphoric reference through emphasis on materiality and t
7 iar forms in his work, the bird has remained as a metaphoric reference to the transient nature of all things
8 d a progressive development of the nature/culture metaphor taking it through a number of transformations lea
1 nd. It uses documentary practice as an innovative method of inquiry and gives voice to those people who ar
2 yment of dry point etching, used in sparse linear method, as a deliberate ploy to create a more poetic vis
3 he artist’s specific application of the reduction method as described by Edmond Husserl at the beginning o
4 exts as a direct reference to Husserl’s reduction method. The artists’ diverse use of materials, along wit
5 and collaborative process that created new hybrid methodologies between art and architecture. The signific
6 ntary practice has long involved plural modes and methodologies that combine social science, investigative
16
7 g...anyone listening" employed cross-disciplinary methodologies of investigative journalism and ethnograph
8 itative and, to a much lesser degree, qualitative methodologies. In doing so, the research has been limite
9 arch, has been overlooked. The use of alternative methodologies that address the affective domain have bee
10 found in most traditional psychological research methodologies. Muller describes this innovative methodol
11 to broaden and triangulate existing psychological methodologies. The research project, which was also publ
12 ial for engaging phenomenology based theories and methodologies through studio practice. This research bri
13 h methodologies. ------ describes this innovative methodology as visual psychology or 'VisPsych'. -------
14 terrogated the nexus between qualitative research methods and documentary practice. The Leica/CCP Document
15 he relationship between printmaking processes and methods of collage and assemblage. The works featured in
16 o conduct a one day workshop in collage and print methods that was offered to practicing artists within th
1 n question, and that it was therefore useful as a model exhibition of its kind The Asia Pacific Trienni
2 the first-year of opening. This work serves as a model for using historical imagery in works of art with
1 -1970), who focussed on depicting the worlds they observed, and devices from mainstream artists such as Hen
1 ear method, as a deliberate ploy to create a more poetic visual language similar to the poets considered c
2 transformation of ordinary objects into something poetic and metaphoric. In particular these works reflect
1 between contemporary matter and ideas. His works provoke speculation on scientific and social developments
2 of nature. --------s work, utilise wry humour to provoke dialogue and discussion around these issues. This
1 e is also reflected in the artworks. Aluminium, a relatively contemporary material has been used to create the
2 Locii issues by exploring the potential of small, relatively informal drawings to engage with the same issues
1 llection will be the major basis for a travelling show of contemporary Qld photography (2010, 2011), whi
2 spiced by Aisalink and curated by-----------. The show toured to three international destinations and a
3 n ( many works were created specifically for this show) position themselves against what they call ‘whit
4 h on the group---------. -------- conceived this show to follow his comprehensive ----------exhibition
5 ibition ---------, which included ----'s work, to show a perhaps more serious or different form of engag
6 ompleted assembled form. Although this is a group show it is a major national sculpture exhibition and t
7 he preparation of a solo exhibition (images below show the individual elements constructed from retrieve
8 ion amplifies or extends Manovich's theorising by showing the importance of the image over technical asp
9 have been complicated by the fact that after its showing in the Dell Gallery, the majority of the work
10 oject was across 2 sites – Redcliffe City Gallery showing a curated selection of--------’s Indigenous col
11 ational and international audiences. The work was shown at Scope Hamptons (NY), Scope Miami, Scope Basel
1 cal mise en scene views. This exhibition marked a significant achievement in so far as it reflected a sustaine
2 nial has ensured that Brisbane is internationally significant in its relationship with Asian contemporary art.
3 forms. This exhibition brought together selected significant artists from a number of countries in order to s
4 w process and awarded to --------------------------------. This significant public artwork is located in the heart of the Br
17
5 d a strong belief that any artist's work contains significant autobiographical reference. ----------------- --is perf
6 from her life experience and her career spans the significant theoretical shifts that have occurred through th
7 ch uses contemporary visual art forms to identify significant relationships between place, history, fact and f
8 e value is evident in the following indicators of significant curated exhibitions that include---------------:
9 exhibitions. An escalation in the destruction of significant staging areas in South Korea for migratory birds
10 arena. The aim of this project was to document a significant historical event in the unique environment of An
11 e Antarctic photographs have been recognized as a significant contribution to the political social and environ
12 earch, which is ongoing, and created a nationally significant profile for the artist, exemplified by the artis
13 exhibition. The implications of this argument are significant, in contradicting a persistent myth of modernism
14 his project. ----------is one of Australia's most significant and consistently challenging artists. Much of th
15 worker and critical commentator. This research is significant in defining a particular understanding of -----
16 nd the Asia Pacific Triennial has made Brisbane a significant centre of research into Australia's role in rece
17 he web presence of the artist's work also reveals significant interest and reference by academics and artists
18 in 2005 when the escalation in the destruction of significant staging areas in South Korea for migratory birds
19 hotographs across Korea and Australia. It is very significant to have such a longitudinal study crystallized i
20 act as agents to activate historical or socially significant sites. This project was an experiment in having
21 possibilities for artists working in historically significant sites. Specifically, the Museum has since develo
22 s ABC television program, as well as inclusion in significant solo and group exhibitions in Brisbane, Sydney a
23 ch uses contemporary visual art forms to identify significant relationships between place, history, fact and f
24 ------------and others. This exhibition was most significant in achieving its aim to create international awa
25 istorically, culturally and environmentally. This significant work of art by --------was purchased by Bendigo
26 ual response. This relationship continues to be a significant element in the artist’s studio practice. Habitus
27 ad of her practice and this solo exhibition was a significant opportunity for Herd to demonstrate the primary
28 between illusion and its suspension. This work is significant as a contribution to theorizing the domain of di
29 us artist who was a founding member of one of the significant Indigenous art centres, ------------- Artists. W
30 ed gallerist, at the Melbourne Art Fair, building significant new audiences and curatorial following. Works we
31 ry tale and Australian pastoral. This research is significant in that through a series of exhibitions over thr
32 ch uses contemporary visual art forms to identify significant relationships between place, history, fact and f
33 at can communicate without words. The research is significant as it positively initiates cross-cultural dialog
34 to curate two public exhibitions. The was also a significant project in that it allowed for a number of stori
35 within a national and international context. Most significantly this exhibition demonstrates the possibilities
36 new writing, audience and market development (it significantly boosted sales of the artist's work). The proje
1 (neoprene) was used to create a public artwork to signify softness and calmness. '--------------refers to t
1 saw the exhibition as a very focussed, sustained study of the issues in question, and that it was theref
2 ce and ---------------" (2000). This longitudinal study employed both observation and participation and c
3 culmination of this three-year interdisciplinary study Through this new multi-disciplinary approach Mull
4 t is very significant to have such a longitudinal study crystallized into such compelling visual images.
5 tor, artist and public institution created a case study on the motivations, processes and benefits of col
6 neral precepts of phenomenology to a more focused study by the artist’s specific application of the reduc
7 The works in this exhibition are the outcome of a study in aesthetics, or neo-aesthetics, with specific e
18
1 uch as -------------- (------- 24/1/04) (2004) to test notions of personal reportage. A journal-keeping
2 ngagement with this debate. This set of paintings tested the medium’s current capacity to deal with both
1 as its roots in the arrival of modernism, and new understandings of human existence in freshly industrialized
2 bition and bi lingual catalogue promote a greater understanding of Australian and Korean culture in the contex
3 tion of ‘The Spindoctor’s Mirage’ will promote an understanding of Australian culture and experimental photogr
4 is collection of images was selected to create an understanding of the nature of documentary practice by bring
5 content of the photographs also contribute to an understanding of the variety of social, political and enviro
6 war zones to the Antarctic and is informed by an understanding of the issues being addressed and an awareness
7 sitively initiates cross-cultural dialogue in the understanding of memory’s connection to the ‘everyday’; it a
8 the ‘everyday’; it also widens the perception and understanding of memory and place through the visual languag
9 rian Drew posed the research question: How is our understanding of life and death contained within inherited c
10 familiar domestic environment promotes increased understanding of the wild animal’s relationship to contempor
11 demonstrated that he could articulate an original understanding of the artist's work to a wide audience. In pr
12 research is significant in defining a particular understanding of Parr's work and the way his collective ende
13 anipulated materials. This work also increases an understanding of materiality, as it relates to process and p
14 cy . This exhibition /publication aims to promote understanding and confidence in the creative processes inher
15 sitively initiates cross-cultural dialogue in the understanding of memory’s connection to the ‘everyday’; it a
16 the ‘everyday’; it also widens the perception and understanding of memory and place through the visual languag
17 ociations in order to arrive at a point of deeper understanding of the essential nature of the object. The art
18 o countries, especially in relation to indigenous understanding of the land. An indication of the reception in
19 ge paths into the artist's output, with increased understanding of the relationship between practice and a res
20 d by a previous career in engineering and a tight understanding of the theoretical and practical sides of scie
21 ge of the screen image to our innate or immutable understanding of materiality and three-dimensional form." Th
22 sitively initiates cross-cultural dialogue in the understanding of memory and the ‘everyday’, widening the per
23 y and the ‘everyday’, widening the perception and understanding of memory and place through the visual languag
24 or institution must be in relation to broad based understandings and assertions about contemporary visual arts
25 tive material evidence that assist us to know and understand the ever-changing dynamic that is Australian cult
26 n of a private collector’s and by association his understanding of Australian contemporary art practice. The p
1 contemporary art in the Asia-Pacific region. The value of the exhibition lies in the fact that a high pr
2 n of memory and culture through installation. The value is evident in the following indicators of signifi
3 erience for an audience in an online setting. Its value on this is attested to by the following indicator
4 stream within contemporary art practice where the value of artists’ work is assessed not in terms of the
5 in its critical response to how the processes of value become constructed within contemporary culture, a
6 of valuing certain objects, events and sites. Its value is attested by a number of indicators, including
7 geographical specificities, and demonstrated the value of TSI art practices amid the field of indigenous
8 translated into an image of beauty, reconfiguring value and challenging our discomfort with death. The de
9 de the parameters of modernism, the ascription of value in contemporary art production, and the developme
10 onstraints of the gallery exhibition context. Its value is attested to by the following indicators: favou
11 Collecting is dominated by perception of economic value and social power through ownership. Collector, ar
19
12 n the field, to be representative of governmental values and not critically engaged—due largely to the ar
13 AG) addressed these issues in their commissioning values. To avoid perversion of the artists’ concepts bo
14 r financial gain and explored personal and social values as motivation for collection.The resulting coll
APPENDIX 2
KWIC results for Science abstracts.
1 e the uncertainty and caveats associated with the analyses, night sharks are still a relatively common speci
2 Israel, Core d'Ivoire, Argentina, and the UK are analyzed to highlight changing contributions of the priva
3 noted. Groundwater levels and water quality were analyzed to assess the impacts of urbanization on the Zah
4 between- and within-home variance components were analyzed. Endotoxin levels in kitchen floor and bedroom f
5 edish samples did not differ. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant effect of age on levels of
6 s bronchioles. Results of histologic and particle analysis of respiratory bronchioles indicated a highly sig
7 ing chalcopyrite. The results of leached residues analysis indicated that composition of leaching minerals c
8 r light scattering instrument. Cream samples were analyzed immediately after funnel separation and treated
9 after funnel separation and treated samples were analyzed right after incubating prior to centrifugation.
10 incubating prior to centrifugation. Phospholipid analysis was performed on the soybeans, freeze-dried fract
11 ed of oxygen and calcium, while the energy counts analysis indicated a significant increase in the presence
12 ere investigated. Carbohydrates and proteins were analyzed by the phenol-sulfate method and Lowry method, r
13 ty of Basrah and the University of Washington, we analyzed Ibn Ghazwan Hospital's leukemia registry data to
14 for the study. The total glutathione levels were analyzed in the saliva of smoking and non-smoking patient
15 latent trajectory model (ALT), which permits the analysis of both persistent individual differences in beha
16 of oral lichenplanus. We apply latent transition analysis (LTA) to characterize transitions over time in su
17 Carlo facilitates the implementation of Bayesian analyses. Despite the complexity of the model, our approac
18 zed and identified by the purity grade, elemental analysis, the positions and numbers of substituents, absor
19 This extends the potential of neutron activation analysis in solving scientific and practical problems. Th
20 3C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) regiospecific analyses of triacylglycerols to distinguish fish oils from
21 red to the two other species. Principal component analysis of data points in the carbonyl-region showed that
22 the carbonyl region of 13C-NMR spectra. 31P NMR analysis of samples prepared in a sodium cholate detergent
23 P NMR. However, 31P NMR is more suited to routine analysis, with sample analysis taking 36 min. The method w
24 R is more suited to routine analysis, with sample analysis taking 36 min. The method was also more versatile
25 in. The method was also more versatile and sample analysis was possible on high phospholipid containing mate
26 light scattering detection was developed for the analysis of oils and fats, which enabled excellent separat
27 he mobile phase and temperature on separation and analysis time were evaluated with a cocoa butter standard.
28 five consecutive days, and oils were sampled for analysis. The results obtained from the chemical tests dem
29 den chemical markers based on the results of fuel analysis by gas-liquid chromatography with sample preevapo
30 use of a special computer software built into the analyzer. The results of determining palladium(II) in raw
31 depending on the conditions of their synthesis is analyzed. A simple, rapid and reliable method was develo
32 als from lubricating oil samples followed by FAAS analysis. Aqueous standard solutions can be easily employe
33 e plate. Such a combination decreases the time of analysis and increases the separation efficiency with resp
20
34 of planar chromatography. The method was used to analyze liquid kerosene pyrolysis products obtained using
35 mplex under the conditions of step-wise injection analysis. The analytical range for mercaptane sulfur was f
36 coveries in the range of 97–102% were obtained by analysis of spiked real samples. The method was successful
37 rb, respectively. The procedure was tested in the analysis of a urine sample from a healthy human with addit
1 can be an important source of nutrients to them. Compared with anadromous salmonids on the West Coast, East
2 andheld cellular telephone users in Singapore and compared with those who did not use these handheld telepho
3 t symptom among handheld cellular telephone users compared with nonusers. No association was found between t
4 in the first-generation respiratory bronchioles, compared to second-generation respiratory bronchioles, as
5 nchioles, as well as changes in second-generation compared to third-generation respiratory bronchioles. Pigm
6 carbon, calcium and oxygen on the fouled membrane compared to the new anion-exchange membrane (AMX), as well
7 ificant (P=.03). Basrah's childhood leukemia rate compared unfavorably with neighboring Kuwait and nearby Om
8 nsa show similarities as well as differences when compared with other species of Testudines. To gain an und
9 y higher in subject of periodontitis in smoker as compared to non-smoker and salivary total glutathione conc
10 y increased in patients with oral lichenplanus as compared to controls (P<0.01). Among the LDH isoenzymes, L
11 n the treatment of hematologic diseases. However, compared with marrow or mobilized peripheral blood stem ce
12 side triphosphates available for DNA replication. Compared with its precursors, clofarabine has an increased
13 ic properties of carbons and other adsorbents are compared. The purposeful regulation of the chemical nature
14 er proportion of its 22:6n-3 in the sn-2 position compared to the two other species. Principal component ana
15 y and two proposed methods of peak separation are compared. A procedure was developed for sample preparatio
16 ation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are compared. It has been found that the ultrasonic treatment
1 use behavior as a categorical latent variable are demonstrated. Alcohol use (any drinking and binge drinking)
2 ly straightforward to implement using WinBUGS. We demonstrate our joint modeling approach to the combined dat
3 d solid malignancies. Since then, clofarabine has demonstrated single-agent antitumor activity in pediatric an
4 . Proof-of-principle experiments in animal models demonstrate the efficacy of exogenous stem cells in mediatin
5 sis. The results obtained from the chemical tests demonstrated that used frying oil had lower polar compounds,
1 aboration with Stanford faculty and students were described. The objective was to provide an idea of the mix
2 of Mazama gouazoubira (brocket deer), this paper describes the relationships between its spinal cord and th
3 he publication of meeting materials. This article describes the development, pharmacology and clinical active
1 hase, occurred. Procedures for the potentiometric determination of drotaverine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical f
2 developed for sample preparation for the further determination of arsenic in potable and natural water and proc
3 sulfite for 5 min. Further stripping voltammetric determination was performed in the same solution using a gold-
4 applicability of inorganic reagents for the rapid determination of the surface properties of copper nanopowders
5 , rapid and reliable method was developed for the determination of copper, nickel, iron and lead in fresh and us
6 veloped method was effectively applied to routine determination of Cu, Ni, Fe, and Pb in lubricating oil samples
7 (PAHs) from coal tar pitch for their quantitative determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are
compa
8 m coal tar pitch. The results of the quantitative determination of PAHs in samples of coal tar pitch obtained by
21
9 omated procedure is developed for the photometric determination of mercaptanes in air. To achieve the required s
10 r. To achieve the required selectivity of analyte determination, a scheme of sample preparation was elaborated,
11 e formation of ternary complex was applied to the determination of trace Cr(VI) in water samples. The method is
12 pled with spectrophotometric detection allows the determination of chromium at ?g levels. The chemical variables
13 ed and optimised. The proposed method allowed the determination of chromium(VI) in the range 5–100 ?g/L with goo
14 mples. The method was successfully applied to the determination of chromium in various water samples. An HPLC p
1 s, intrabone delivery of HSCs, modulation of CD26 expression, and infusion of two UCB grafts. This article
2 mal lens signal generation are considered, and an expression is derived to relate the detected signal (a re
1 among rockfish species should be considered when interpreting any measures of condition. Multiple stable re
1 cher, an excellent biologist, and a fine man. We investigated developmental changes in the body compositions an
2 aqueous extraction of extruded soybean flakes was investigated. The oil droplet size distribution in the cream e
3 tant produced by Gordonia sp. strain JE-1058, was investigated. Scale-up fermentations were performed in the 300
4 the culture supernatant. Biosurfactants were also investigated for their efficacy in removing hydrocarbons from
5 gestion of kitchen garbage and excess sludge were investigated. Carbohydrates and proteins were analyzed by the
6 access for prisoners increased. Objectives. We investigated whether, over time, baseline obesity is associate
7 ds 22:6n-3, 20:5n-3 and 18:4n-3 among the species investigated. The most pronounced difference was that herring
8 ed from two industries processing soybean oil was investigated for its physicochemical characteristics, its comp
9 ative light scattering detector output signal was investigated by means of a response surface experimental desig
10 L/min. Finally, the linearity of the detector was investigated. It was found that at very low concentrations, th
11 nges in the quality indices of used oil have been investigated. To achieve this, potato slices were fried in bot
12 ence of concomitant ions on the CPE of Cr(VI) was investigated. Recoveries in the range of 97–102% were obtained
1 on of modern wheat varieties and dissemination of knowledge on planting dates and timings of inputs. Urine s
1 We conclude that some metabolically important FAs may prove useful in assessing the condition of embryo
2 essively into large-scale official systems, which may later be privatized. In other vases, foreign capi
3 te. The findings suggested that methylation of As may not be strictly a detoxification process for huma
4 l studies have suggested that periodontal disease may be an independent risk factor for preeclampsia an
5 E , and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) which may have systemic effects i.e. adverse effect in preg
6 5 dominated in whole saliva samples. Salivary LDH may be a feasible and useful parameter for screening
7 t the studies are homogeneous, thus the estimates may be biased due to unobserved heterogeneity among s
8 terol (3.1%) and campesterol (50.1%). The product may find use in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and
1 and proteins were analyzed by the phenol-sulfate method and Lowry method, respectively. The degree of sol
2 e analyzed by the phenol-sulfate method and Lowry method, respectively. The degree of solubilization of ch
3 hine in a jail to examine the feasibility of this method of providing condoms to jail prisoners. After the
4 or the majority of lines produced by the standard method of spectrum processing. This extends the potentia
5 sodium cholate detergent system was assessed as a method for the quantitative measurement of dairy phospho
22
6 (SM) and dihydrosphingomyelin (DHSM). The 31P NMR method was validated by comparison with a quantitative t
7 analysis, with sample analysis taking 36 min. The method was also more versatile and sample analysis was p
8 ed FFSF. A high performance liquid chromatography method with evaporative light scattering detection was d
9 nols, and steryl ferulates. Deep fat frying is a method of food preparation which has been popular for qu
10 y microwave as an alternative to the conventional method of frying has become popular in recent years. In
11 thesis is analyzed. A simple, rapid and reliable method was developed for the determination of copper, ni
12 elative standard deviation of 2–6%. The developed method was effectively applied to routine determination
13 onventional methods of planar chromatography. The method was used to analyze liquid kerosene pyrolysis pro
14 termination of trace Cr(VI) in water samples. The method is based on the formation of a purplish red compl
15 hodology were studied and optimised. The proposed method allowed the determination of chromium(VI) in the
16 obtained by analysis of spiked real samples. The method was successfully applied to the determination of
17 are then considered from the standpoint of future methodological development and substantive theoretical c
18 ecting the analytical performance of the combined methodology were studied and optimised. The proposed met
19 nvestigations where he conducted studies into the methods of preserving fish and other aquatic products. T
20 ens of M. gouazoubira were prepared following the methods normally used in anatomy. The epaxial muscles an
21 e exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and extraction methods using buffers containing SDS and 2-mercaptoethan
22 ically oxidized at almost the same potential. Two methods were proposed for the separation of overlapping
23 ore using stripping voltammetry and two proposed methods of peak separation are compared. A procedure wa
24 ation efficiency with respect to the conventional methods of planar chromatography. The method was used to
1 bonaceous and mineral dust in the lungs and the remodeling of the small airways along the same airway pat
2 rcumference, Methods. We used latent growth curve modeling to examine data from years 5, 10, 15, and 20 o
3 ic approach, the autoregressive latent trajectory model (ALT), which permits the analysis of both persist
4 ct relationships. The present study utilizes this modeling approach with a sample of 524 offenders releas
5 ults of the analytic process suggest that the ALT model fit the data well. Comparatively, that model fit
6 ALT model fit the data well. Comparatively, that model fit better than the autoregressive or LGC specifi
7 ifications and provides more information. The ALT model provides estimates that are relevant in understan
8 among first-year college students. Advantages of modeling substance use behavior as a categorical latent
9 r, we introduce a Bayesian framework that jointly models survival data using a Weibull proportional hazar
10 survival data using a Weibull proportional hazard model with frailty, and substance and alcohol data usin
11 nd substance and alcohol data using mixed-effects models, to examine differences in mortality among heroi
12 Bayesian analyses. Despite the complexity of the model, our approach is relatively straightforward to im
13 implement using WinBUGS. We demonstrate our joint modeling approach to the combined data and discuss the
14 liative. Proof-of-principle experiments in animal models demonstrate the efficacy of exogenous stem cells
15 ndicators. Approaches to adjustment of numerical models for gamma-ray spectra of matrix elements are con
16 spectra, (3) the improvement of agreement between model and actually observed spectra using the compariso
17 ation of the test electrolyte is determined for a model electrolyte (NaCl), and sensitivity characteristic
1 rea over the same period, a rise of about 3 m was observed. Even with rationing of groundwater, water is not
2 st pronounced relative impact of fish consumption observed for 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether. The plasm
3 rical conductivity and ion-exchange capacity were observed for both membranes. The results showed that depos
23
4 acidogenic fermenters, were also measured. It was observed that differences in temperature, hydraulic retent
5 il prisoners. After the machine was installed, we observed increases in prisoners' awareness of programmatic
6 sequent estimates to calculate rates. Results. We observed 698 cases of childhood leukemia between 1993 and
7 eneous, thus the estimates may be biased due to unobserved heterogeneity among studies. Our approach allows
8 provement of agreement between model and actually observed spectra using the comparison test for peak amplit
9 ensitive, able to detect some minor compounds not observed by 31P NMR. However, 31P NMR is more suited to ro
10 llular disruption of the cotyledon cells was only observed for extruded FFSF. Extrusion and HPP at 500 MPa f
11 ile of the extracted proteins were, however, only observed for the enzyme-treated 500-MPa FFSF. Optimal oil
12 n JS. No difference in fatty acid composition was observed between DJS and JS. The protein content was not s
13 y acids than sunflower oil. The interesting point observed was that peroxides formed as the result of oxidat
1 iated with the analyses, night sharks are still a relatively common species. Information from the pelagic lo
2 from those of hatched larvae. Differences in the relative abundances of FAs between early embryos and hatch
3 elaware Bay oyster population is characterized by relatively low abundance, an unremarkable rate of recruitm
4 w abundance, an unremarkable rate of recruitment, relatively low natural mortality, and a spatial distributi
5 tion of the stock on the medium-mortality beds is relatively low in comparison with the 54-yr median of 0.41
6 eased probability of high mortality occurs over a relatively small range of total abundances. It is also con
7 nal fish meal per month, with the most pronounced relative impact of fish consumption observed for 2,2',4,4'
8 oor concentrations and size distribution appeared relatively similar across microenvironments. Within indoor
9 isease, through its association with increases in relative weight and abdominal obesity over time. Objecti
10 pite the complexity of the model, our approach is relatively straightforward to implement using WinBUGS. We
11 5% for Fe, 96–106% for Ni and 84–100% for Pb with relative standard deviation of 2–6%. The developed method
12 ssion is derived to relate the detected signal (a relative change in probing radiation intensity at the dete
1 suffered large magnitudes in decline. The results show that the U.S population of night sharks is highly
2 liarity to their population dynamics. The results show that an increased probability of high mortality o
3 ltic Sea fish, mainly salmon and herring. Results showed that, except for pentachlorophenol, the plasma
4 of each individual was examined. Almost no lungs showed visible evidence of disease, but approximately
5 f disease, but approximately half of the subjects showed histologic evidence of smoking-related lung inj
6 ges (AMDs) of several chalcopyrite mines in China showed strong capacity of bioleaching chalcopyrite. Th
7 e (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). The results showed that the industrial adoption of soybean oil ext
8 ity were observed for both membranes. The results showed that deposit was composed of oxygen and calcium
9 oving hydrocarbons from sand or soil. The results showed that JE1058BS could be used for the dispersion
10 d their compositions in the acidogenic fermenters showed considerable change, depending on the temperatu
11 . Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency showed large variations during the experimentation and
12 lity of the leachate characteristics. The results showed that the COD removal efficiency was approximate
13 paratus, the dentary, coronoid and supra-angular, show ossification centers in stage 16 and the branchia
14 and synchronization of ossification in P. expansa show similarities as well as differences when compared
15 rvical, thoracic, lumbar and sacrocaudal segments showed an average length of 175.07, 226.03, 123.47 and
16 d. The kinetic studies of ion-exchange adsorption showed that two limiting stages of transfer, namely, d
17 calculated from the carbonyl region. The results show that there were significant differences in the sn
24
18 nt analysis of data points in the carbonyl-region showed that there were also differences in the level a
19 f oil samples matrix. Percentage recovery studies showed 88–98% for Cu, 92–95% for Fe, 96–106% for Ni an
20 to 7.5 ?g/m3 for a sample volume of 1 m3. It was shown that changes in the absorption band intensities
1 tic status. FA profiles of early embryos differed significantly from those of hatched larvae. Differences in th
2 ed subjects, respectively. The incidence differed significantly, however, when four ETS exposure categories wer
3 vels in kitchen floor and bedroom floor dust were significantly higher than in dust from beds. Mean bed endotox
4 dotoxin computed for each home was not correlated significantly with mean bedroom or kitchen floor endotoxin, b
5 nd kitchen floor endotoxin levels were correlated significantly. None of the mean dust endotoxin measurements w
6 e mean dust endotoxin measurements was correlated significantly with mean airborne endotoxin. Airborne endotoxi
7 ative correlations with temperature, but none was significant, whereas a total-home mean dust endotoxin level w
8 tal-home mean dust endotoxin level was associated significantly and negatively with wet-bulb temperature. Airbo
9 the winter. Indoor airborne endotoxin levels were significantly higher than outdoor levels during the winter, b
10 s of all organohalogen substances were correlated significantly to estimated fish consumption. In addition, age
11 t differ. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant effect of age on levels of total PCBs, 4,4'-DDE,
12 ons and the size distributions appeared to differ significantly. Higher indoor levels, particularly for smaller
13 with the prevalence of headache, but there was a significant positive trend for increasing time spent on the h
14 phone and prevalence of headache, and there was a significant negative trend for prevalence of headache with in
15 sis of respiratory bronchioles indicated a highly significant difference in the degree of histologic changes fo
16 ium, while the energy counts analysis indicated a significant increase in the presence of carbon, calcium and o
17 led over a 15-year period. The test for trend was significant (P=.03). Basrah's childhood leukemia rate compare
18 he treatment without aquatic plants (control) was significantly lower than in the treatment with E. najas. Howe
19 s: Total glutathione of saliva were statistically significantly higher in subject of periodontitis in smoker as
20 nd salivary total glutathione concentrations were significant reduced following scaling and root planning in sm
21 very of low birth weight infants (PLBW) remains a significant public health issue and a leading cause of neonat
22 ght babies. Inflamed periodontal diseases produce significant amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly int
23 d (salivary LDH3, LDH4, LDH5) and in subunit were significantly increased in patients with oral lichenplanus as
24 the honors program, and friendship goals were all significant predictors of substance use behavior profile. St
25 ipheral blood stem cell grafts from adult donors, significant delays in the rates and kinetics of neutrophil an
26 re of carbon adsorbent surfaces is considered; it significantly extended the gas-chromatographic capabilities o
27 carbonyl region. The results show that there were significant differences in the sn-2 position specificity of t
28 d between DJS and JS. The protein content was not significantly different between JS and DJS. However, DJS had
29 ased. The deterioration process in jojoba kernels significantly affects the chemical quality of their proteins
30 h-oleic sunflower oil, but at levels of 0.1–1% it significantly increased the OSI for stripped soybean, sunflow
1 management areas and U.S. domestic subareas are studied. The currently available information on the genet
2 ic disorder in women of reproductive age. In this study, the association between environmental tobacco sm
3 eported in 77% of the menstrual cycles of the 165 study subjects, and the average daily exposures ranged
4 fish consumption, age, and country of origin. The study group provided a large interindividual contrast i
5 pital, museum, restaurant, store, and subway. The study was conducted in Boston, MA. Collectively, the ou
6 se these handheld telephones. The cross-sectional study was conducted in a housing estate containing a su
25
7 h reactor treating sanitary landfill leachate was studied. Two nitrification tests were carried out during
8 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (n =4643). We assessed depressive symptomatology
9 nsity functional theory calculations are used for studying radially deformed and defective single wall (8
10 ergy and applied force. The experiment aimed to study the influence of the aquatic plants E. najas, P.
11 itis in non-smokers (n=13) were recruited for the study. The total glutathione levels were analyzed in th
12 stage-specific direct relationships. The present study utilizes this modeling approach with a sample of
13 of substance use and crime. The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of salivary lacta
14 s for screening of oral lichenplanus. The present study included a total 35 subjects (10 oral cancer: 25
15 unting for correlation among subjects within each study. Markov chain Monte Carlo facilitates the impleme
16 oside phosphorylation. In 1993, the first Phase I study was initiated in patients with hematologic and so
17 etraphenylborate to drotaverine hydrochloride was studied. The composition of a polymeric membrane was opti
18 and the flow of ions through the interface, were studied. Linear correlations between the solubility of io
19 subtracted from the spectra of the samples under study. Thus, additional analytical lines are obtained f
20 ientific and practical problems. The aim of this study was to use 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) r
21 l products. It was found that the two DOD samples studied were dark in color and had higher amounts of free
22 a nutraceutical. The objectives of the present study were to determine how extrusion (barrel temperatu
23 uality of damaged and undamaged jojoba seeds. The study was performed on jojoba seeds grown in La Rioja,
24 ipped sunflower oil during an accelerated storage study conducted at 60 C was also determined. DDGD (0.5–
25 sorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). In the present study, a mixture of organic solvents containing propion
26 e. The capabilities of critical chromatography to study the amino acid sequences in biopolymer, peptide,
27 ical performance of the combined methodology were studied and optimised. The proposed method allowed the de
1 Atlantic blue marlin, white marlin, and sailfish suggests an absence of within-Atlantic divergence, suppor
2 etic population structure is indiscernible. It is suggested that while minimal mixing is apparent, it does
3 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate. The findings suggested that methylation of As may not be strictly a de
4 al and microbiological immunological studies have suggested that periodontal disease may be an independent
5 ly adulthood. The results of the analytic process suggest that the ALT model fit the data well. Comparative
6 ttenuating fibrotic responses to injury, but also suggest that their ability to contribute to lung epitheli
7 sing buffers containing SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol suggested that noncovalent interactions were the main for
1 ion agent for use in the remediation and toxicity tests. The biosynthesis of the biosurfactant was monit
2 landfill leachate was studied. Two nitrification tests were carried out during the experimental period
3 srah more than doubled over a 15-year period. The test for trend was significant (P=.03). Basrah's child
4 nd actually observed spectra using the comparison test for peak amplitudes of matrix elements, and (4) s
5 d after the subtraction of matrix elements in the test samples. The adjustment allows the contribution o
6 opherols, tocotrienols, and carotenoids. DDGD was tested for its impact on the oxidative stability index
7 analysis. The results obtained from the chemical tests demonstrated that used frying oil had lower pola
8 e applied voltage and on the concentration of the test electrolyte is determined for a model electrolyte
9 I, PTU, and Carb, respectively. The procedure was tested in the analysis of a urine sample from a health
1 ford University that provided the solid basis for understanding of regional fish faunas in parts of the Pacifi
2 red with other species of Testudines. To gain an understanding of the detailed anatomical aspects of Mazama g
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3 ALT model provides estimates that are relevant in understanding key parameters of the substance use and crimin
1 and outstrips supply. High nitrate and phosphorus values, as well as extensive fecal coliform contaminati
2 erimentation and on one occasion reached negative values. The negative COD removal efficiency was caused
3 roximal composition, fatty acid composition, acid value, peroxide value, conjugated dienes and trienes an
4 ion, fatty acid composition, acid value, peroxide value, conjugated dienes and trienes and protein electr
5 as lower in DJS (39.11%) than in JS (50.82%). The values of acid, peroxide, conjugated dienes and trienes
6 S and DJS. However, DJS had lower soluble protein values. In the electrophoresis profiles, the band locat
7 dose-dependent manner. DDGD also delayed peroxide value, conjugated diene, and hexanal formation during a
8 sholding are proposed, the corresponding template values are given and simulations on real retina images
The following words that appear in the Visual Art Research Statements have “0” hits:
Create/s/d
Critique/s/d
Discover/ed
Explor/ed/s
Metaphor/ic/s
Provoke/s
Signify
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