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Quercetin-A Mini Review

  • January 2018
Authors:
Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
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Abstract and Figures

Quercetin a flavonoid to be a member of a group of flavonols is universally consumed in the human diet and responsibly to give the color to various fruits and vegetables [1]. Mainly occur in the form of glycosides, but their other derivative have been identified [2-5]. This paper presents some recent advances regarding quercetin structure, derivatives, sources and their medicinal benefits with their effective dosage [6-8].
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1/5
Muhammad FM1, Ahsan M2 and Abdul W3
1South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
2Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
3Government College University Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: Muhammad Faisal Manzoor, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou,
China, Email:
Submission: August 21, 2017; Published: January 29, 2018
Quercetin- A Mini Review
Mini Review
Mod Concep Dev Agrono
Copyright © All rights are reserved by Muhammad Faisal Manzoor.
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Abstract



Keywords:
Abbreviations:

Introduction


        
       
       
    
    

          

Table 1: Some important derivatives of quercetin and their food sources.
Derivatives Food Sources Contents (Mg/Kg) References
d.m. f.m.

Mango  
Plums  
  
 
 
 

Mango  
  
Plums  
  


Mango  
Plums  
Cherries  
Tomatoes  
 
  
  
How to cite this article: Muhammad F, Ahsan M, Abdul W. Quercetin- A Mini Review. Mod Concep Dev Agrono. 1(2). MCDA.000507. 2018.
Modern Concepts & Developments in Agronomy
2/5
Mod Concep Dev Agrono
   
 Honey  
 Lettuce  
Chicory  

acetylglucoside   

acetylglucoside   
 Honey  

  
  
  
 
   
   
Figure 1: Chemical structure of quercetin.
        

        
        
        
        
       
    
      
 

Table 2: Various food sources and quercetin contents (mg/100g).
Food Sources Quercetin contents Food Sources Quercetin contents
Vegetables
 
Fruits
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
How to cite this article: Muhammad F, Ahsan M, Abdul W. Quercetin- A Mini Review. Mod Concep Dev Agrono. 1(2). MCDA.000507. 2018. 
Mod Concep Dev Agrono
Modern Concepts & Developments in Agronomy
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Herbs &
shurbs
 
   
  
currant 
 
Beverages
 
   
   
   
   
 
Others
 
  Marinara sauce 
   
Table 3: Medicinal benets of quercetin with effective dose concentrations.
Medicinal benefits
of quercetin
Disease Effective Dosage References

  

  



 
 
  
Cardiovascular



200 mg

 500mg
   
Cancer 
  

 










 

How to cite this article: Muhammad F, Ahsan M, Abdul W. Quercetin- A Mini Review. Mod Concep Dev Agrono. 1(2). MCDA.000507. 2018.
Modern Concepts & Developments in Agronomy

Mod Concep Dev Agrono
 
  


  

  

  
Arthritis 
 

 
 1000mg
Asthma 
asthma treatments  
Conclusion
  
        
         
     


References
1. 



2.             


3. 
       

4.          
      
       

5. 

6. 
       

7.        


8.          
        

9.         

10.             
         

11.             
  
      

12.             
          

13.           
      


14. 
        

15.         


16.             
   

17.          
      

18.            
   
     

19. 
      
     

20.            
        

21.           
        
       

22.      

23.   


24.              
 

25.      
       
How to cite this article: Muhammad F, Ahsan M, Abdul W. Quercetin- A Mini Review. Mod Concep Dev Agrono. 1(2). MCDA.000507. 2018. 5/5
Mod Concep Dev Agrono
Modern Concepts & Developments in Agronomy



26. 


27.          
       

28.         
       


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Flavonoids and Antioxidative Activities in Buckwheat
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 1996
Samples of buckwheat from four cultivars grown at three locations in western Canada for 4 years were used to study the effect of cultivar, location, and growing season on the flavonoid content and antioxidative activities of the seed. Buckwheat contained an average of 387 and 1314 mg/100 g of flavonoid and 47 and 77 mg/100 g of rutin in the seed and hull, respectively. Location was the main source of variation for flavonoid and rutin contents of the seed, while growing season had significant influence on the flavonoid content of the hulls. Variation in antioxidative activities was mainly due to a cultivar × environment effect. Antioxidative activities expressed as AOX (Δ log A470/min), AA (% inhibition relative to control), and ORR (oxidation rate ratio) ranged from 0.42, 114, and 0.16 to 1.63, 48, and 0.59, respectively. Flavonoid content in buckwheat was strongly correlated with rutin content and weakly associated with antioxidative activities, while rutin content was not related to antioxidative activities. Keywords: Buckwheat; flavonoid; rutin; antioxidant; cultivar effects; seasonal variations; Fagopyrum esculentum
Quercetin attenuates fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes mellitus
Article
Full-text available
The objective of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of quercetin (QE) in animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM). A starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without QE (100 mg/kg) or acarbose (40 mg/kg) was orally administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats after an overnight fast. Postprandial plasma glucose levels were measured and incremental areas under the response curve were calculated. To study the effects of chronic feeding of QE, five-week-old db/db mice were fed an AIN-93G diet, a diet containing QE at 0.08%, or a diet containing acarbose at 0.03% for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Plasma glucose and insulin, blood glycated hemoglobin, and maltase activity of the small intestine were measured. Oral administration of QE (100 mg/kg) or acarbose (40 mg/kg) to STZ-treated rats significantly decreased incremental plasma glucose levels 30-180 min after a single oral dose of starch and the area under the postprandial glucose response, compared with the control group. QE (0.08% of diet) or acarbose (0.03% of diet) offered to db/db mice significantly reduced both plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin compared to controls without significant influence on plasma insulin. Small intestine maltase activities were significantly reduced by consumption of QE or acarbose. Thus, QE could be effective in controlling fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels in animal models of DM.
Does Quercetin Improve Cardiovascular Risk factors and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Article
Quercetin has been distributed in a wide range of foods, but some of its known effects in vitro, are not proven in human studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was evaluation of the effects of quercetin intake on cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers in women with type 2 diabetes. This double-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out on 72 women for 10 weeks. Subjects were assigned to quercetin and placebo groups using a permutated block randomization of size two. Quercetin was given to participants as a 500 mg capsule daily. Biochemical variables were measured at baseline and at the end of the study, and changes were compared using appropriate statistical methods. Compared with placebo, quercetin intake decreased systolic blood pressure significantly (-8.8 ± 9.3 vs. -3.5 ± 11.7, P = 0.04). Although changes in diastolic blood pressure between the groups was not significant (P = 0.19), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased in both groups while changes in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and ratio of TG/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C were not significant between and within groups. Quercetin supplementation significantly reduced the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P = 0.01 and P < 0.0001, respectively); however, the mean changes in serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were not significant between the groups. Quercetin supplementation reduced systolic blood pressure significantly but had no effect on other cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers. Considering the biological effects of quercetin in vitro, we need more studies with a stronger design and sample size with different doses of quercetin.
Quercetin acutely relaxes airway smooth muscle and potentiates -agonist-induced relaxation via dual phosphodiesterase inhibition of PLC and PDE4
Article
Asthma is a disease of the airways with symptoms including exaggerated airway narrowing and airway inflammation. Early asthma therapies utilized methylxanthines to relieve symptoms, in part, by inhibiting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the enzyme responsible for degrading cAMP. The classification of tissue specific PDE subtypes and the clinical introduction of PDE-selective inhibitors for COPD (i.e roflumilast) have reopened the possibility of using PDE inhibition in the treatment of asthma. Quercetin is a naturally-derived PDE4-selective inhibitor found in fruits, vegetables, and tea. We hypothesized that quercetin relaxes airway smooth muscle via cAMP-mediated pathways and augments β-agonist relaxation. Tracheal rings from male A/J mice were mounted in myographs and contracted with acetylcholine (ACh). Addition of quercetin (100 nM-1 mM) acutely and concentration-dependently relaxed airway rings pre-contracted with ACh. In separate studies, pretreatment with quercetin (100 μM) prevented force generation upon exposure to ACh. In additional studies, quercetin (50 μM) significantly potentiated isoproterenol-induced relaxations. In in vitro assays, quercetin directly attenuated phospholipase C activity, decreased inositol phosphate synthesis, and decreased intracellular calcium responses to Gq-coupled agonists (histamine or bradykinin). Finally, nebulization of quercetin (100 μM) in an in vivo model of airway responsiveness significantly attenuated methacholine-induced increases in airway resistance. These novel data show that the natural PDE4-selective inhibitor, quercetin, may provide therapeutic relief of asthma symptoms and decrease reliance on short-acting β-agonists.
Quercetin: health benefi ts with relevance to TNF-α-linked infl ammatory diseases
Article
With increasing interest among the general public for using natural and herbal remedies, there is a great need to document and list ancient medical texts and practices, as well as to investigate the effi cacy of a number of 'ancient' compounds that are currently reputed to have medicinal benefi ts for such diseases as arthritis, wound healing, cancer, chronic infl ammation and cardiovascular disease. With these goals in mind, we have collected evidence for the use of the natural polyphenolic fl avonoid quercetin in antiquity, as well as identifi ed modern clinical research showing the effi cacy of this compound for human health. Our report not only provides clear evidence for the fl avonoid quercetin as an anti-infl ammatory, which may well have been used in antiquity to treat arthritic swelling and pain, it also serves to re-educate the general public and scientifi c community to the fact that natural and herbal remedies can be very effi cacious forms of medication, deserving respect.
Quantitative and qualitative determination of flavonoids and phenolic acid derivatives from pericarp of hot pepper fruit cv. Bronowicka Ostra
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Characterisation and variation of antioxidant micronutrients in lettuce (Lactuca sativa folium)
Article
The main phenolic compound in six studied lettuce cultivars (five green and one red) was identified as dicaffeoyl tartaric acid. Quantitative but not qualitative differences were found in the phenolic profiles among green cultivars. The red oak leaf cultivar contained twofold more dicaffeoyl tartaric acid and 10-fold more chlorogenic acid than the green cultivars. Total phenolics ranged from 8.4 to 12.9 mg g−1 dry weight in green varieties and reached 27.8 mg g−1 dry weight in red oak leaf. Carotenoids and vitamins E and C were also quantified. Lutein was the main carotenoid found in all cultivars, together with another xanthophyll. The period of harvesting had only a marginal influence on total phenolic levels, whereas carotenoid and vitamin E levels were higher at the second period of harvesting. Vitamin C levels ranged between 6.1 and 9.9 mg per 100 g fresh weight. We investigated the total antioxidant power in lettuce. Total phenolics accounted for more than 60% of the total antioxidant capacity. Dicaffeoyl tartaric acid accounted for 55%. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Flavonoids, phenolic acids and abscisic acid in Australian and New Zealand Leptospermum honeys
Article
Flavonoids, phenolic acids and abscisic acid of Australian and New Zealand Leptospermum honeys were analyzed by HPLC. Fifteen flavonoids were isolated in Australian jelly bush honey (Leptospermum polygalifolium), with an average content of 2.22 mg/100 g honey. Myricetin (3,5,7,3′,4′,5′-hexahydroxyflavone), luteolin (5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone) and tricetin (5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentahydroxyflavone) were the main flavonoids identified. The mean content of total phenolic acids in jelly bush honey was 5.14 mg/100 g honey, with gallic and coumaric acids as the potential phenolic acids. Abscisic acid was quantified as twice the amount (11.6 mg/100 g honey) of the phenolic acids in this honey. The flavonoid profile mainly consisted of quercetin (3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxyflavone), isorhamnetin (3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone 3′-methyl ethyl), chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), luteolin and an unknown flavanone in New Zealand manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey with an average content of total flavonoids of 3.06 mg/100 g honey. The content of total phenolic acids was up to 14.0 mg/100 g honey, with gallic acid as the main component. A substantial quantity (32.8 mg/100 g honey) of abscisic acid was present in manuka honey. These results showed that flavonoids and phenolic acids could be used for authenticating honey floral origins, and abscisic acid may aid in this authentication.
Flavonoids from black chokeberries, Aronia melanocarpa
Article
  • Feb 2005
Black chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott (Rosaceae), was investigated for its flavonoid content. The flavanone eriodictyol 7-O-β-glucuronide (1) together with the quercetin derivatives 3-O-(6″-O-β-arabinosyl-β-glucoside) (2), 3-O-(6″-α-rhamnosyl-β-galactoside) (3), 3-O-(6″-α-rhamnosyl-β-glucoside) (4), 3-O-β-galactoside (5) and 3-O-β-glucoside (6), were detected in the fruits and flower umbels. The rare compounds 1–3 were isolated and structurally elucidated by use of 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance experiments together with electrospray mass spectrometry. Compounds 4–6 were characterized by co-chromatography and by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The black chokeberries contained >71 mg flavonols per 100 g fresh weight.
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: Quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition
Article
  • Mar 2010
The aim of the current study was to investigate the oral antidiabetic activity of six structurally related flavonoids: flavone (1), 3-hydroxyflavone (2), 6-hydroxyflavone (3), 7-hydroxyflavone (4), chrysin (5) and quercetin (6). Normoglycemic and STZ-nicotinamide diabetic rats were treated with these flavonoids (50 mg/kg) and the hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects in acute and sub acute (five days of treatment) experiments were determined. Compounds 1, 5 and 6 were found most active in both experiments in comparison with control group (p<0.05). After five days of administration to STZ-nicotinamide diabetic rats, flavonoids induced a significantly diminishing of total cholesterol, TG and LDL and an augment of HDL compared with the control group (p<0.05). The in vitro inhibitory activity of the compounds against 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) was also evaluated. Quercetin, the most active compound, was docked into the crystal structure of 11beta-HSD1. Docking results indicate potential hydrogen bond interactions with hydroxyl groups of catalytic amino acid residues.