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In memory of Dr. Kimberly S. Young: The story of a pioneer

DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.14
Authors:
Brand Matthias
Brand Matthias
Brand Matthias
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Marc Potenza at Yale University
Marc Potenza
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In memory of Dr. Kimberly S. Young: The story of a pioneer
MATTHIAS BRAND
1,2
* and MARC N. POTENZA
3,4,5
1
General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen,
Duisburg, Germany
2
Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
3
Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Child Study, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
4
Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
5
Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
(Received: March 15, 2019; accepted: March 15, 2019)
Dr. Kimberly S. Young passed away on February 28, 2019.
She was 53 years of age when she died after a three-and-a-
half-year battle with cancer. She will be missed by many.
Dr. Young graduated in 1988 with a bachelor’s degree in
Business Administration from the University at Buffalo.
Subsequently, she received a master’s degree in Clinical
Psychology from the University of Pennsylvania and com-
pleted her doctorate in Clinical Psychology in 1994. After
having several post-doctoral positions at the Universities of
Rochester and Pittsburgh/Bradford, she became a professor
at St. Bonaventure University in Olean in 2002. She joined
the Jandoli School of Communication at St. Bonaventure
University in 2006 and became the Director of the Master’s
Program of Strategic Leadership.
As early as 1995, shortly after completing her PhD, she
started publishing articles in international peer-reviewed
journals on the topic of Internet addiction. In the same year,
she also established the Center for Internet Addiction. She
was one of the first researchers interested in understanding
the psychological mechanisms underlying problematic or
addictive use of the Internet. Dr. Young developed the
Internet Addiction Test (IAT), a 20-item scale for assessing
features of Internet addiction. The IAT has been translated
into various languages and used in several studies world-
wide. With her comprehensive publications in books and
articles, she became a pioneer of the rapidly growing and
changing field of Internet addiction research. She was also
dedicated to transferring emerging knowledge on Internet
addiction into clinical practice. She was committed not only
to diagnosing individuals with Internet addiction, but also to
providing and optimizing treatment. Inspired by cognitive-
behavioral therapy (CBT) used in the treatment of other
behaviors and disorders, she developed a CBT model for
treating people with Internet addiction, which she named
CBT-IA. It has been, and is still, a foundation and inspira-
tion for many new developments to follow. She also
founded the first US-based inpatient hospital clinic for
Internet addiction at the Bradford Regional Medical Center.
* Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Matthias Brand; General Psy-
chology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research
(CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Forsthausweg 2, 47057
Duisburg, Germany; Phone: +49 203 3792541; Fax: +49 203
3791846; E-mail: matthias.brand@uni‑due.de
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and
source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes –if any –are indicated.
© 2019 The Author(s)
MEMORIAL Journal of Behavioral Addictions
DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.14
Later in her career, she also developed prevention programs
to help parents to support their children in using the Internet
in healthy and functional ways.
Dr. Young was a member of editorial boards of several
journals, including the Journal of Behavioral Addictions,
and she was a member of the American Psychological
Association. She was invited as a keynote speaker to
several international conferences, for example, the Inter-
national Conference on Behavioral Addictions in Budapest
(Hungary), the Conference on Digital Culture in Seoul
(Korea), and the International Congress on Internet Addic-
tion Disorders in Milan (Italy).
Dr. Young published many articles that have influenced
the field of Internet addiction research and treatment. She
also published several books and book chapters on media
use and Internet addiction that have targeted broad
audiences. In 1998, her book “Caught in the Net”was a
bestseller that has been translated into many languages. She
also published creative fiction including her novel in 2013
entitled “The Eighth Wonder,”which is a love story. In her
last year, Kimberly published her memoirs entitled, “Build-
ing Mountains from Dust.”In this book, she describes her
battle with cancer and the difficult times she encountered
when her beloved husband for almost 20 years, James (Jim)
O’Mara, passed away in February of 2017.
In her publications, presentations, and media interviews,
she provided a voice for individuals who struggled with
problematic use of the Internet, long before the first steps
were made to officially recognize types and patterns of
Internet use as psychiatric disorders. She clearly has her
own place in history. Collaborating with her was a gift. Her
death at an early age is tragic. She will be missed immensely
and will not be forgotten as a pioneer and as an amiable,
creative, and passionate person. Her impact on research and
society will persist.
Funding sources: There is no funding associated with this
manuscript.
Authors’contribution: Drs. MB and MNP worked collabo-
ratively on this manuscript. MB completed the first draft and
MNP provided feedback and added additional content.
Conflict of interest: Drs. MB and MNP declare no conflict of
interest to disclose related to this manuscript.
SEMINAL AND/OR IMPORTANT
PUBLICATIONS BY DR. KIMBERLY S. YOUNG
Young, K. S. (1996). Addictive use of the Internet: A case that
breaks the stereotype. Psychological Reports, 79(3), 899–902.
doi:10.2466/pr0.1996.79.3.899
Young, K. S. (1998a). Caught in the net: How to recognize the
signs of Internet addiction –And a winning strategy for
recovery. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Young, K. S. (1998b). Internet addiction: The emergence of a
new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3),
237–244. doi:10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237
Young, K. S. (2004). Internet addiction: A new clinical phenome-
non and its consequences. American Behavioral Scientist,
48(4), 402–415.doi:10.1177/0002764204270278
Young, K. S. (2007). Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet
addicts: Treatment outcomes and implications. CyberPsycho-
logy & Behavior, 10(5), 671–679. doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.
9971
Young, K. S. (2008). Internet sex addiction: Risk factors, stages of
development, and treatment. American Behavioral Scientist,
52(1), 21–37. doi:10.1177/0002764208321339
Young, K. S. (2009). Internet addiction: Diagnosis and treatment
considerations. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy,
39(4), 241–246. doi:10.1007/s10879-009-9120-x
Young, K. S. (2011). CBT-IA: The first treatment model to address
Internet addiction. Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 25, 304–312.
doi:10.1891/0889-8391.25.4.304
Young, K. S. (2013). Treatment outcomes using CBT-IA with
Internet-addicted patients. Journal of Behavioral Addictions,
2(4), 209–215. doi:10.1556/JBA.2.2013.4.3
Young, K. S., & Brand, M. (2017). Merging theoretical models
and therapy approaches in the context of Internet gaming
disorder: A personal perspective. Frontiers in Psychology:
Psychopathology, 8, 1853. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01853
Young, K. S., Pistner, M., O’Mara, J., & Buchanan, J. (1999).
Cyber disorders: The mental health concern for the new
millennium. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 2(5), 475–479.
doi:10.1089/cpb.1999.2.475
Journal of Behavioral Addictions
Brand and Potenza
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