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The Effect of Flaxseed Extract on Skin Elasticity of The Healing Wound In Rabbits
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Introduction: Management of disturbed wounds, large skin defects and the areas where skin tension precludes wound closure is of high clinical importance. Healing in wounds occurs through epithelization and contraction processes (second-intentions healing) that may result in certain undesirable complications including keloid and formation of a fragile epithelial layer. Materials and methods: 27 white New Zealand rabbit included in this study divided into 3 groups; one group of 9 rabbits received Flaxseed gel topically for three time intervals (1, 7, and 14 days); a second group received Fucidin cream as positive control, while a third group has not received any treatment as negative control, Skin elasticity measurements were performed using the DermaLab system. Results: Throughout the study, skin elasticity was significantly greater in Flaxseed group than in others. Flaxseed decrease elasticity value from (3.46 ± 2.05). Hence, Young's modulus of skin elasticity in flaxseed group was (2.46 ± 1.02) after 14 days (p = 0.003), while no significant differences were evident in both Fucidin group (1.16 ± 0.77) and non-treated group (1.86 ± 1.40) (p = 0.019), accordingly flaxseed extract more reproducible than other groups demonstrating comparable efficacy in skin elasticity and distensibility. Conclusions: This study showed the therapeutic effect of flaxseed on biologic tissue. Elasticity evaluation demonstrated increased density and firmness in the network of collagen fibers in the dermis and subcutis during wound healing process promise in generating therapeutic gel to be used in wound healing process.
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Objective: This study investigates the effect of Baccaurea angulata fruit extract towards wound healing activity at tooth extractions sites. Significance: High antioxidant content in underutilised Baccaurea angulata were expected to open up new possibilities for tooth extraction procedure among diabetic patients. Methods: Sprague dawley rats were divided into 6 groups, and l their left mandibular first molar tooth were extracted. The alveolar socket were treated accordingly where group 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were diabetic rats (induced using Streptozotocin) applied with plain gel, alveolex, 3%, 5%, and 10% Baccaurea angulata extract respectively. Group 6 were non diabetic rats applied with plain gel. On day 4, 7 and 18, rats were euthanized, and the tissue samples were processed for histomorphological analysis. Results: It was found that Baccaurea angulata does significantly promotes tooth extraction wound healing in diabetic rats comparable to diabetic group treated with alveolex and non-diabetic rats at early phase of the wound. However the positive effect were not obvious at day 7, while at day 18, groups treated with Baccaurea angulata treated group had higher mean scores in most categories although may not statistically significant different. BADG concentration of 4% was found to give the best effects on wound healing. Conclusion: To a certain extent, Baccaurea angulata extract does promotes tooth extraction wound healing in diabetic rats.
Hannah Trøstrup,1 Kim Thomsen,1 Henrik Calum,2 Niels Høiby,1,3 Claus Moser1 1Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, 3Institute for Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract: Chronic wounds are a substantial clinical problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Pathophysiologically, chronic wounds are stuck in the inflammatory state of healing. The role of bacterial biofilms in suppression and perturbation of host response could be an explanation for this observation. An inhibiting effect of bacterial biofilms on wound healing is gaining significant clinical attention over the last few years. There is still a paucity of suitable animal models to recapitulate human chronic wounds. The etiology of the wound (venous insufficiency, ischemia, diabetes, pressure) has to be taken into consideration as underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and comorbidities display tremendous variation in humans. Confounders such as infection, smoking, chronological age, sex, medication, metabolic disturbances, and renal impairment add to the difficulty in gaining systematic and comparable studies on nonhealing wounds. Relevant hypotheses based on clinical or in vitro observations can be tested in representative animal models, which provide crucial tools to uncover the pathophysiology of cutaneous skin repair in infectious environments. Disposing factors, species of the infectious agent(s), and time of establishment of the infection are well defined in suitable animal models. In addition, several endpoints can be involved for evaluation. Animals do not display chronic wounds in the way that humans do. However, in many cases, animal models can mirror the pathological conditions observed in humans, although discrepancies between human and animal wound repair are obvious. The use of animal models should be refined and replaced whenever possible, and reproducibility and clinical relevance should be strived. This review aimed at giving an overview of the model systems and major findings for inspiration for clinicians and researchers involved in handling chronic nonhealing wounds. Relevant animal models on wound repair are discussed, and our novel wound model on the host/pathogen interplay is presented. In this model, murine wounds are stuck in a polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocyte-dominated inflammation due to the presence of visually confirmed Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm located in the dermis and subcutaneous fatty tissue. Keywords: pathogen interplay, chronic wound science, Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm
Skin substitutes are heterogeneous biomaterials designed to accelerate wound healing through provision of replacement extracellular matrix. Despite growing evidence for their use in chronic wounds, the role of skin substitutes in acute wound management and their influence upon fibrogenesis remains unclear. Skin substitute characteristics including biocompatibility, porosity and elasticity strongly influence cellular behaviour during wound healing. Thus, we hypothesise that structural and biomechanical variation between biomaterials may induce differential scar formation after cutaneous injury. The following human prospective cohort study was designed to investigate this premise. Four 5mm full-thickness punch biopsies were harvested from fifty volunteers. In all cases, site 1 healed by secondary intention, site 2 was treated with collagen-GAG scaffold (CG), Decellularised Dermis (DCD) was applied to site 3, whilst tissue extracted from site 4 was replaced (autograft). Healing tissue was assessed weekly with optical coherence tomography (OCT), before being excised on days 7, 14, 21 or 28 depending on study group allocation for later histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Extracted RNA was utilised in microarray analysis and PCR of highlighted genes. Autograft treatment resulted in minimal fibrosis confirmed immunohistochemically and with OCT through significantly lower collagen I levels (p=0.047 and 0.03) and reduced mean greyscale values (p=0.038 and 0.015) respectively. DCD developed intermediate scar formation with partial rete ridge reformation and reduced fasiculo-nodular fibrosis. It was uniquely associated with late up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3, oncostatin M and interleukin-10 (p=0.007, 0.04, 0.019, 0.019). Regenerated dermis was significantly thicker in DCD and autografts 28 days post-injury compared to control and CG samples (p=0.003 and <0.0001) which resulted in greatest fibrosis and poorest cosmesis. In conclusion, variable fibrotic outcomes were observed in skin substitute-treated wounds with reduced scarring in autograft and DCD samples compared to controls. OCT enabled concurrent assessment of wound morphology and quantification of dermal fibrosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
© 2015 by the Wound Healing Society.
Introduction and aim of the article. Healthy skin is an excellent barrier maintaining balance between the internal and external environment of the body. Because it is constantly changing as a result of, on the one hand, environmental factors and, on the other hand, the process associated with skin aging, it requires many nutrients and minerals that help maintain its homeostasis. The aim of this dissertation is to discuss the most commonly used ingredients in dietary supplements that improve the appearance and quality of the skin. Brief description of the state of the art. Quick pace of life, unbalanced diet and stress make it impossible to provide all the necessary components, which affects the proper functioning of the skin. That is why, the interest in dietary supplements as products that help to reduce the deficiencies of individual components is increasing. Supplements that affect the skin, hair and nails mainly consist of: vitamins C, E, A, B-vitamins, micro- and macronutrients and fatty acids. In this paper, some of the ingredients of skin affecting dietary supplements are discussed. A varied and proper diet should provide all the nutrients necessary for the correct functioning of the body. Dietary supplements are intended to supplement the normal daily food intake of nutrients which are not supplied with food in a sufficient quantity. Therefore, their use becomes relevant.
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an oilseed used in industrial and natural health products. Flaxseed accumulates many biologically active compounds and elements including linolenic acid, linoleic acid, lignans, cyclic peptides, polysaccharides, alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, and cadmium. Most biological and clinical studies of flaxseed have focused on extracts containing α-linolenic acid or lignan. Other flaxseed compounds have received less attention and their activity is not well described. The benefits of consumption of whole flaxseed fractions such as oil, mucilage and protein indicate that consideration of the entire portfolio of bioactives present is required to associate biological activity with specific compounds.
Antidiabetic potential of Tinospora cordifolia stem is well proven. In the course of screening of useful α-glucosidase inhibitors, we prepared alkaloid fraction (AFTC) and isolated three isoquinoline alkaloids, namely, jatrorrhizine, palmatine and magnoflorine as active candidates for α-glucosidase inhibition. The enzyme kinetics was studied using sucrose and maltose as substrates. Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) and maximal velocity (Vmax) values were estimated. A significant decrease in Vmax and unaltered Km was observed in case of jatrorrhizine and palmatine (non-competitive inhibition). Magnoflorine was found to increase apparent Km and shown to be reversible, competitive inhibition. The IC50 value as sucrase inhibitor was 36.25, 23.46 and 9.8μg/mL for jatrorrhizine, palmatine and magnoflorine, respectively, and as maltase inhibitor was 22.05, 38.42 and 7.6μg/mL for jatrorrhizine, palmatine and magnoflorine, respectively. In vivo studies were conducted on rats to determine oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), using different substrates: glucose, sucrose and maltose. The increase in plasma glucose level was significantly suppressed (P
This cross-sectional study investigated the reproducibility of repeated elasticity and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements with the DermaLab (R) on 32 active burn scars and healthy skin. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility was examined by means of intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of measurements (SEM). Results showed good ICC values and rather high SEM values for inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of elasticity measurements. For TEWL measurements, ICC values were good and SEM values were high for inter- and intra-observer reproducibility. There was a significant difference between the estimated mean elasticity values of normal skin and grafted scars and between normal skin and spontaneously healed scars (p <= 0.003). For the estimated mean TEWL values, there was a significant difference between normal skin and spontaneously healed scars (p = 0.036). A significant negative relation was reported between mean TEWL and time after burn (p = 0.008). In clinical trials it is necessary to interpret patient-specific changes in elasticity and TEWL with caution, since the SEMs of both modes are rather high. We therefore recommend the use of a mean of repeated measurements of elasticity and TEWL to decrease the SEM. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.
The lipids in feed commonly fed to pigs consist mainly of neutral fats (specifically triglycerides), esters of fatty acids and glycerol. The degree of unsaturation, the length of the carbon chains and the isomeric form of the fatty acids greatly influence both the physical and the chemical characteristics of fat. In swine nutrition, fats are traditionally introduced in diets as a high-energy constituent; moreover, they also supply liposoluble vitamins and essential fatty acids. In addition, the efficiency of using metabolisable energy from lipids is very high, with a minimum heat increment compared to the other nutrients. Recently, nutritionists have become interested in specific fatty acids for their potentially beneficial physiological effects on metabolism in the intestinal mucosa, and anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity and functional food design. The following are examples of fatty acids that show these favourable effects: short- and medium-chain fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids conjugated linoleic acid, and they will form the basis of this review.
The mechanical properties of the breast skin play an important role in explaining the changes associated with radiotherapy, tissue expansion, and breast reconstruction surgery. Quantitative measurement of mechanical properties of breast skin is essential for surgical preplanning and outcome prediction. We have measured the skin elasticity properties and skin thickness of the breast using noninvasive methods.
The DermaLab suction cup and the DermaScanC ultrasound were used to measure the modulus of elasticity and the skin thickness, respectively. Measurements were taken in 16 different locations on the breast in 23 female patients, also with patients in supine and upright position. Different analytical models (plate, membrane, large deformation) that can represent the experiment were studied to extract the elasticity modulus.
The average modulus of breast skin elasticity found was 344 ± 88 kPa (Mean ± SD) with 95% confidence interval being 306–382 kPa. The range of the modulus was 195–480 kPa. The average thickness of breast skin was 1.55 ± 0.25 mm with a range of 0.83–2.4 mm.
Regional variations of breast skin elasticity properties and breast skin thickness were observed. No direct correlations of biomechanical properties with age or breast thickness were observed. No significant difference was observed in the elasticity modulus between the supine and upright patient positions.