Adolescents are faced with the task to redefine the relations with families and societies in the process of exploring identities in the societies.The following hypotheses were derived from literature concerning gratitude during the process: Confusions and rebelliousness may decrease gratitude toward parents and societies; independence may bring gratitude to societies and parents. A pilot study was conducted with female university students as participants. As the result, independence was positively correlated with gratitude to parents and societies, and negatively correlated with sumanai. The word, sumanai, was tentatively defined as a feeling of gratitude for someone's help along with sorrow and, sometimes guilt for having put them to so much trouble.
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