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Title: A country with a government and a flag: the Rif War in Morocco
... Viewed from the southern shore of the Mediterranean, rather than a military 'disaster' Annual opened a brief parenthesis during which one of the most seriousif short-livedstate-building attempts was carried out in the Rif region. 50 Spain's military defeat left a power vacuum that local notables seized upon to establish a proto-state that drew the sympathies of anti-colonial activists in British India, Europe and South America, the support of minorities in the United States, and a more ambivalent response from Catalan nationalists. ...
Morocco and Catalonia are often mentioned as key elements in the crisis of Spanish liberalism, but little attention has been paid to the relation of these conflicts with the global developments of the 1920s. In their effort to break from Spain, Rifi rebels and Catalan separatists resorted to the League of Nations and were supported by sympathisers in British India, the United States, Latin America and Europe. Both separatist attempts utterly failed, but their campaigns provide new insights into the global connections (and dis-connections) of anti-imperialist and sub-national movements during the ‘Wilsonian moment’, and the strategies they developed to project their domestic agendas to the international sphere.
The biography of Ahmed Hassan Mattar expressed the multiple identity lines assumed by those revolutionary cadres of the first decades of the 20th century, who emerged in a colonial and neocolonial world and developed their political activity in different settings and distant spheres of their own culture. The story of A. H. Mattar is, therefore, that of a militant and journalist of Sudanese origin who developed his political work in Africa, especially in Morocco, together with Abd el-Krim, the warlord of the Rif, as well as in European countries such as France and Germany, once incorporated into the Communist International. However, it would be in South America, in countries like Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, where he would stand out not only in anti-imperialist struggles but also as a chronicler and community leader of communities of Arab origin, even producing original empirical and statistical research. In sum, Mattar’s course can be seen as that of an activist who understood the social reality of a certain time and who assumed politics as a commitment to fight against colonialism and imperialism.
The thesis is attempt to study the historical development of the bilateral relations between Algeria and Morocco on the frame of there compittion over regional hegemony in north-west Africa.
Este es un breve estudio sobre uno de los pocos libros portugueses con un tema marroquí: Terras de mistério: Marrocos, publicado en 1925 por el periodista y polígrafo Oldemiro César. Teniendo por fondo la Guerra del Rif en un periodo particularmente delicado para el lado español, el volumen resulta ser más interesante debido a la visión de Marruecos, de las ciudades y de las personas con las que se cruza el autor, que al relato de la guerra, una vez que César asume una visión parcial del conflicto y se declara condicionado por las autoridades españolas.
Palabras clave: Marruecos; Guerra del Rif; Reportaje; Portugal
In October 1924, Paul Scott Mowrer, a foreign correspondent for the Chicago Daily News based in Paris, convinced his employers that an interview with Abd-el-Krim, the leader of the Rifian uprising against the Spanish in northern Morocco, would provide original and interesting copy for American readers. This article deals with Mowrer’s difficult trek from French Morocco into the Rifian heartland, his observations concerning the Rifian environment and Abd-el-Krim’s movement and his two-hour interview with the Rifian leader. Further, it discusses his journey out of the Rif back into French Morocco, his observations concerning French policies in their Protectorate and his general reflections on the Rif War. This essay employs materials from Mowrer’s personal papers, his autobiography, and the twenty-one articles he published in the Chicago Daily News from November 1924 to early January 1925.
The Palgrave Encyclopedia Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism (ISBN-103030299007) objectively presents the prominent themes, epochal events, theoretical explanations, and historical accounts of imperialism from 1776 to the present. It is the most historically and academically comprehensive examination of the subject to date. The Chapter by Mevliyar ER is a biography of the Moroccan Rebel fighter Abd-el-Krim al-Khattabi (1882-1963).
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91206-6
A corresponding video is available under:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLfg0Vy0UK4
A Nord del Marocco, lungo la costa mediterranea modellata dalle colline del Rif, c'è una città chiamata Al Hoceima. In questo luogo isolato, capitale storica della resistenza anticoloniale delle genti rifane, da anni si lamentano l'assenza dello stato, la corruzione politica, l'abbandono e la hogra, la vergogna causata dall'oppressione militare e dall'indifferenza amministrativa. Sin dai tempi del protettorato spagnolo il Rif è infatti al centro di una storia di relazioni difficili e violente con i diversi poteri amministrativi; una storia che potrebbe cominciare con l'utilizzo di gas iprite sui civili rifani da parte dell'esercito spagnolo negli anni tra il 1921 ed il 1926 e che oggi viene ripresa nelle narrazioni e nei discorsi di un neonato movimento sociale, l'Hirak. Il movimento riporta inoltre che proprio in conseguenza di questo gas si siano diffuse per tutta la regione diverse tipologie tumorali, tra cui il cancro alla laringe e quello al seno sembrerebbero essere le più diffuse. Questa ipotesi, formulata agli inizi degli anni '80, è luogo di dibattito tra diversi attori della società e traduce una serie di accordi, relazioni e politiche che intercorrono tra le élites rifane e le componenti delle amministrazioni pubbliche. Questo lavoro, risultato di un'indagine etnografica di tre mesi nella provincia di Al Hoceima, riguarda proprio le politiche, le pratiche ed i discorsi sorti attorno all'evento del cancro. Riguarda inoltre il ruolo e il significato sociali di un tale evento negativo, e quindi, le rappresentazioni le difficoltà e l'etica che disegnano il mondo della malattia e le retoriche della cura. É infine questo, un lavoro che vuole occuparsi dell'esperienza dei malati e degli operatori sanitari, troppo spesso lasciati in disparte dai discorsi di natura politica, dell'esperienza profondamente sociale che i corpi fanno nella malattia. Lo scopo di questa indagine etnografica è allora quello di raccontare il posto e la natura sociale di una malattia, in un mondo di miseria economica ed assenze infrastrutturali, fatto di silenzio.
Kurdudi's treatise on military tactics is reproduced in part in al-Manuni
- Ibid
Ibid., 274. Kurdudi's treatise on military tactics is
reproduced in part in al-Manuni, 13-15.
135, 137; Laroui, Origines, 285-288. 22. al-Nasiri, IX
- Lahbabi
Lahbabi, 135, 137; Laroui, Origines, 285-288.
22. al-Nasiri, IX, 106.
A detailed geographical description is in Mikesell
- In Maurer
- Colloque
Maurer, in Colloque, 22. A detailed geographical description is in Mikesell, passim.
Politica enero, Informacion de dia
SHM Ceuta 25, Politica enero, Informacion de dia, 6 January 1925 and 7 January.
Cabecillas Rebeldes Gomara
- Capaz Montes
Capaz Montes, Cabecillas Rebeldes Gomara, no page.
REFERENCES
1.
- Campos Martinez De
Martinez de
Campos 242; Woolman 88; FO 371 / 7067 / W6905 / 184 /
28, Atkinson to White, Tetuan, 16 June 1921.
Memorias Alhucemas, Memoria la qunicena de julio de
SHM Melilla 19, Memorias Alhucemas, Memoria la qunicena de
julio de 1921.
Leg, Cartas Arabes, 2 Marnisa y REFERENCES Shacban 1344
- Shm Melilla
SHM Melilla, Leg, Cartas Arabes, 2 Marnisa y
REFERENCES
Shacban 1344 / 10 March 1926.
Informacion Alhucemas , evidence of a Rif deserter, Abd al-Salam bin cAmar bin cAbd al-Karim
- Shm Melilla
SHM Melilla, l7, Informacion Alhucemas, evidence of a
Rif deserter, Abd al-Salam bin cAmar bin cAbd al-Karim,
29 November 1925.
Informacion Abril, rept. 4a Mia 6
SHM Melilla 23, Informacion Abril, rept. 4a Mia 6 April
1923.