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Design and Development of Symmetrical E-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for Multiband Wireless Applications
... Lastly, a study was also discussed on the design and development of a symmetrical E-shaped to address the issue of interference [14]. The antenna was designed to have multiple slots-loading effects all around the patch peripheral which resulted in exhibiting five frequency bands ranging from 6.166 GHz to 10.500 GHz. ...
... The design has efficient ECC values. Kaur et al. (2016) presented a miniaturized compact antenna design of dimensions 25 × 25 × 1.58 mm 3 . The antenna resonates at five frequency bands between 6.6 and 10.5 GHz [7]. ...
... Multiple antennas are used in transmitter and receiver end to provide substantial transfer of data. Figure 3 below shows a basic MIMO design [9]. Multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver can establish multiple parallel channels that operate simultaneously, on the same frequency band and at the same total radiated power in order to exploit multipath propagation. ...
In this paper, the Rectangular Patch Antennas are designed and their performance parameters such as return loss, voltage standing wave ratio, gain, and radiation pattern have been calculated and compared. Design frequency is 2.4 GHz, the copper-coated substrate material is FR-4 Epoxy having dielectric constant ε = 4.4 and thickness is 1.5 mm. The feeding technique, used in MSA is Microstrip 50 Ω feed line. Using a parametric study found that the proposed antenna design will be useful for ISM band applications like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth.
The modern microwave communication system demands good antenna performance with variety of application. One antenna should serve the purpose of many antennas to reduce the resource cost and installation cost. For this reason the concept of multiband antenna arises. In this paper the attention has been given towards the design of a dual band antenna. In this paper a modified E-shaped compact size probe-feed microstrip antenna is proposed for dual band operation in C-band and X-band with increased bandwidth. The return loss, VSWR and gain is also improved in this antenna design compare to previous work on dual band design. HFSS 13.0 is used for simulation and analysis purpose. Though the proposed design is about dual band operation but the simulated result shows two resonant frequencies of 4.8 GHz and 6 GHz in C-band and 9.2 GHz in X-band which is an another advantage compare to previous work. The performance of this multilayer E-shape antenna is depends on the E-shape of the conducting patch, location and dimension of the layers and location and dimension of the probe feed. The operating frequency of the antenna is 4 GHz. An increased gain of 7 dB is achieved in this antenna.
Curvature has a great effect on fringing field of a microstrip antenna and consequently fringing field affects effective dielectric constant and then all antenna parameters. A new mathematical model for input impedance, return loss and voltage standing wave ratio is introduced in this paper. These parameters are given for TM 10 mode and using two dif-ferent substrate materials K-6098 Teflon/Glass and Epsilam-10 Ceramic-Filled Teflon materials. Keywords Fringing field, Curvature, effective dielectric constant and Return loss (S11), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Transverse Magnetic TM 10 mode.
A reduced-size wideband single-feed circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is presented for telemetry applications in S-band around 2.4 GHz. In this paper we compare the performance of microstrip patch antenna designed over two layer conventional substrate with different relative permittivity and different height and over a Reactive Impedance Substrate with slot, both of them being constituted with the same substrate layers. In particular we optimize the feeding position and number of reactive elements upon the antenna bandwidth and axial ratio. The proposed structure consists of a slot-loaded patch antenna printed over an optimized metamaterial-inspired reactive impedance substrate (RIS). We demonstrate, step by step, the main role of each antenna element by comparing numerically the performance of various antenna configurations, antenna over a single layer substrate or dual-layer substrate, patch without slot or slot-loaded patch, antenna with or without RIS. The final optimized structure exhibits an axial-ratio bandwidth of about 15% and an impedance bandwidth better than 10%, which is much wider than the conventional printed antenna on the same materials. The return loss pattern of different microstrip patch antenna with and without RIS arrangement is also compared using HFSS simulation software.
A hybrid fractal multiband antenna is designed by integrating Koch curve and meander antenna. Scripting method (∗.vbs) is adopted to obtain the hybrid fractal structure using IFS and MATLAB. Final structure is obtained by perturbing the reference fractal shape. Proposed antenna exhibits multiband characteristics capable of operating in four different wireless frequency bands including very popular Bluetooth (2.4 GHz), WiMAX (3.4-3.7 GHz), WLAN 802.11 a/b/g (5.3-6.1 GHz) and Aeronautical radionavigation (8.68-9.05GHz). The antenna has a planar structure, compact size of 39 mm x 32 mm x 1.58 mm and is suitable for wireless applications. Prototype of the proposed structure is developed on easily available and low cost FR4 substrate. The antenna has acceptable values of return loss, VSWR and gain. Measured characteristics are in good agreement with the simulated one.
This paper is concerned on constructing and optimizing the design of H-shaped microstrip patch antenna with L-probe feeding technique for wideband applications. The structure generally consist of air-filled substrate with dielectric permittivity, h 0 and thickness, h 0 which is sandwiched between superstrate and a ground plane. The design is constructed with respect to 2.6 GHz of centre frequency. Parametric study was included to verify the effects of the design towards antenna's performance. An accomplishment of the design has been carried out using CST Microwave Studio software. Actual measurement has been performed and results clearly showed the capability and potential of the antenna design itself. The utilization of L-probe fed as well as parasitic elements provide bandwidth enhancement, while the use of parallel slots offers patch size reduction and gain enhancement. To conclude, antenna's performance was analyzed in terms of bandwidth, gain, VSWR and radiation pattern. The measured impedance bandwidth of 22.63% ranging from 2.25 GHZ to 2.82 GHz is achieved at 10 dB return loss with VSWR<2.
A comparative performance study of rectangular and circular shape microstrip patch antennas at an X band frequency is presented in this paper. The resonant frequency is chosen at 10 GHz which is suitable for a variety of wireless applications. CST Microwave Studio is used as the software environment to design and compare the performance of the antennas. It is found that the rectangular patch antenna shows about 3.0 dB higher return loss than the return loss of circular patch antenna. In addition, the rectangular patch antenna has an improved VSWR value of 1.18 than that of the circular patch with VSWR 1.27. However, circular patch antenna offers about 8% higher bandwidth and nearly 2.0dB less side lobe power than that of rectangular patch antenna.
Hybrid fractal multiband antenna is designed using Koch and meander geometry and its characteristics are investigated. The proposed antenna helps to achieve multiband behavior due to its multiple resonance characteristics. It has planar structure, compact size and suitable for wireless applications. IFS approach has been used to obtain the hybrid structure using MATLAB and scripting method of HFSS. Perturbation of basic structure is done to achieve quad-band behavior. Proposed antenna resonates at four different frequencies including Bluetooth (2.12–2.95 GHz), WLAN (4.82–5.95 GHz), 4.07 GHz and 7.3 GHz. It is a low cost antenna designed on easily available FR4 substrate. It exhibits nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern and VSWR ≤ 2 for all resonating frequencies.
This paper presents a compact Multiband hybrid fractal antenna designed for mobile wireless applications it has planar structure and suitable for mobile applications at low cost. The proposed antenna structure is obtained by integrating a Koch curve and Minkowski curve. It exhibits multiband behavior, acceptable values of return loss, VSWR and gain in-spite of its compact size and less complexity. The proposed antenna design has been examined up to 2nd iteration of the new fractal geometry. The simulated results exhibited seven bands of operation covering some important frequency bands like GPS (L1 = 1227.60 MHz), bluetooth (2.41-2.49 GHz) of ISM band, WLAN 802.11 a/b (5.15-5.35 GHz) and other bands covers applications like mobile/fixed satellite and aeronautical navigation (3.876-4.375, 6.6188-7.0045, 7.9698-8.3373 and 9.1648-9.6214 GHz). Proposed antenna is designed by using scripting method of HFSS using MATLAB.
Terahertz technology opened its wings towards the partially explored electromagnetic spectrum (30 – 10000 GHz). This paper presents a novel trapezoidal shape microstrip patch antenna for terahertz regime applications. A thin microstrip line is used to provide the coupling between source and antenna. The proposed antenna is developed to be utilized in the frequency band of 0.88 THz – 1.62 THz for high speed applications. The performance of patch antenna is limited due to surface leaky waves beneath; therefore workability of the patch antenna is enhanced by employing photonic crystals in the thick dielectric substrate. It is observed that the return loss, VSWR and gain achieved show enormous improvement. The proposed antenna exhibits a wider bandwidth ranging between 1.2 THz to 1.62 THz.
This review article presents an overview of the design techniques for broadband microstrip patch antennas. Basically, a microstrip patch antenna is composed of a trace of copper or any other metal of any geometry on one side of a standard printed circuit board (PCB) substrate with other side grounded. This antenna can be fed using coaxial, stripline, aperture-coupling or proximity-coupling methods. The idea of patch antenna slowly attracted the antenna community in 20 years after its birth in early 50's. The patch antennas are very useful because of their; low weight, ability to conform to any geometrical shape, easy integration with HMICs and MMICs, and low cost fabrication. Their major drawback is their narrow bandwidth which makes them unsuitable for modern-day wireless communication technologies. Through extensive studies in the last few decades on antenna performance improvement, various techniques have been developed to enhance the bandwidth. The current research focus is on the reconfigurable antennas. These can provide wide bandwidth performance; multi-band functionality; the frequencies and bandwidths can be reconfigured as well. The microstrip antennas are widely used in military, industrial and commercial sectors. This article opens with short introduction of basic characteristics, feeding methods and analysis techniques of patch antenna. After that review of bandwidth enhancement techniques, multi-band and wideband reconfigurable antenna designs are presented. The article closes with conclusions and future perspective.
In this paper, a tri-band H-shaped microstrip patch antenna is presented for DCS and WLAN (IEEE 802.11a/b/g) applications. The proposed antenna has symmetrical properties and has been designed by etching H-shape structure on FR-4 substrate with coaxially fed input. It radiates for DCS (1.79-1.81 GHz) and WLAN (2.43-2.47 GHz, 5.11-5.27 GHz) frequency bands. It is demonstrated that the fabricated antenna offers improved values of S11 and VSWR. The noted gain at 1.8 GHz, 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz are 1.6 dBi, 1.9 dBi and 2.1 dBi, respectively. The return loss S11 of the fabricated antenna was simulated using Ansoft HFSS which was in good agreement with experimental data.
This paper presents a novel printed monopole antenna with defective ground structure for worldwide interoperability for wireless communication. The basic design comprises of a monopole patch with co-planar ground plane which exhibits the impedance bandwidth (S11 ≤ −10 dB) of 3.18 GHz (from 3.32–6.50 GHz) and the peak gain throughout the frequency band is 4.5 dB. The initial design is further modified to enhance the impedance bandwidth and gain by employing a defective ground structure in the co-planar ground plane of the monopole patch. The measured bandwidth for return loss S11 ≤ −10 dB is 2.44–2.58 GHz and 3.5–8.85 GHz which cover all the WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz) bands, WiMAX (2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz) bands and point to point (5.925–8.5 GHz) high speed wireless applications as per ECC and FCC frequency standards. The experimental and simulated results of a novel CPW-fed (co-planar waveguide) printed monopole antenna with DGS (defective ground structure) are reported here.
Microstrip patch antennas have been widely used in a various useful applications, due to their low weight and low profile, conformability, easy and cheap realization. A low profile patch antenna for WLAN application is proposed in this paper. This proposed antenna is made by using the probe feeding and aperture coupled feeding methods. This antenna is designed in order to improve the impedance bandwidth and obtain the circular polarization without using truncated corners in patch. The impedance bandwidth will be increased by making slots onto the patch. This unequal parallel slots patch antenna is the modified structure of E patch antenna and U slot Patch antenna. This patch antenna provides a bandwidth of around 16.4% with 1.5 VSWR. The simulation process has been done through high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The properties of antenna such as bandwidth, S parameter, VSWR have been investigated. This paper also aims at comparing between different feeding methods.
A printed wide-slot antenna for wideband applications is proposed and experimentally investigated in this communication. A modified L-shaped microstrip line is used to excite the square slot. It consists of a horizontal line, a square patch, and a vertical line. For comparison, a simple L-shaped feed structure with the same line width is used as a reference geometry. The reference antenna exhibits dual resonance (lower resonant frequency f 1, upper resonant frequency f 2). When the square patch is embedded in the middle of the L-shaped line, f 1 decreases, f 2 remains unchanged, and a new resonance mode is formed between f 1 and f 2 . Moreover, if the size of the square patch is increased, an additional (fourth) resonance mode is formed above f 2. Thus, the bandwidth of a slot antenna is easily enhanced. The measured results indicate that this structure possesses a wide impedance bandwidth of 118.4%, which is nearly three times that of the reference antenna. Also, a stable radiation pattern is observed inside the operating bandwidth. The gain variation is found to be less than 1.7 dB.
Microstrip Patch Antenna its Types, Merits Demerits and its Applications
- A Kaushal
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Microstrip Antenna Based on Durer Pentagon Fractal Patch for Multiband Wireless Applications
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- Z N Chen Nazimuddin
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Design of Meandered H-Shaped Square Microstrip Patch Antenna
- H Patel
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