THE ROLE OF WOMEN COOPERATIVES IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RIVERS STATE

Abstract

This paper examined the roles of women cooperatives in economic development in Rivers State. The objective of the study were to: determined the activities and achievements of women as cooperative members in the process of economic development in Rivers state, determine the role of women cooperatives in empowerment and poverty reduction in the process of economic development in in the study area and ascertain the perception of people toward the role of women cooperatives in the process of economic development in Rivers State. The research design used for this study was survey research design. The population of this study consisted of all women in co-operative societies in the 5 chosen Local Government Areas in Rivers State which include Port Harcourt, Ahoada/ Onelga, Bonny, Khana and Eleme respectively. There were a total number of one hundred and two (102) registered women cooperative societies. The sample of this study was made up of three hundred (300) respondents randomly selected from five (5) Local Government Areas of Rivers State. From each of the Local Government Area two (2) cooperatives were chosen, making a total of ten (10) cooperatives. The Chi-square result shows that the X2Cal, 12.7 > X2 Tab., 5.50. The results indicate that women role in cooperatives has a significant relationship with economic development in Rivers state. Based on the results, the study recommends that Co-operative education programmes should be introduced in cooperatives to encouraged full participation of women in social and economic activities for awareness

Full text

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THE'ROLE'OF'WOMEN'COOPERATIVES'IN'THE'ECONOMIC'DEVELOPMENT'OF'
RIVERS'STATE'
HARRY'A.'T'1,'EWUBARE'D.'B2*,'
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ABSTRACT!
Corresponding'Author'
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INTRODUCTION'
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#-&%$( #0( =%".,-2+( ?%00%,( D,-"%=( *),( #2'( D,)$."0( 0C%'(
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"C#2"%(0)(?%(D,)*-0#?/%A(QC%(#+%2"'( ,%-0%,#0%=(0C#0(@C%2(
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-2=0-0.0-)2=9M(%2").,#+%=(")&&.2-"#0-)2=(#2$(0,#>%/(#2$(
,%$."%=(-=)/#0-)2A((((
3.1'Methodology'
QC%( ,%=%#,"C( $%=-+2( .=%$( *),( 0C-=( =0.$'( @#=( =.,>%'(
,%=%#,"C( $%=-+2A( QC%( =.,>%'( ,%=%#,"C( $%=-+2( -=(
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0C%( J( "C)=%2( G)"#/( U)>%,2&%20( !,%#=( -2( N->%,=( O0#0%(
@C-"C( -2"/.$%( I),0( R#,").,0M( !C)#$#E( V2%/+#M( W)22'M(
XC#2#(#2$(L/%&%(,%D%"0->%/'A(QC%,%(@%,%(#(0)0#/(2.&?%,(
)*( )2%( C.2$,%$( #2$( 0@)( 65739( ,%+-=0%,%$( @)&%2(
"))D%,#0->%( =)"-%0-%=( #2$( #( D)D./#0-)2( )*( =-F( C.2$,%$(
#2$( 0C-,0'( )2%( 6bY59( @)&%2( #=( ,%"),$%$( ?'( =0#0-=0-"=(
,%+-=0%,M("))D%,#0->%($->-=-)2M(&-2-=0,'()*(")&&%,"%(#2$(
-2$.=0,'( N->%,=( O0#0%( 6377j9AQC%( =#&D/%()*( 0C-=( =0.$'(
@#=( &#$%( .D( )*( 05,%%( C.2$,%$( 6Y779( ,%=D)2$%20=(
,#2$)&/'(=%/%"0%$(*,)&(*->%(6J9(G)"#/(U)>%,2&%20(!,%#=(
)*(N->%,=(O0#0%A(Z,)&(%#"C()*(0C%(G)"#/(U)>%,2&%20(!,%#(
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6579("))D%,#0->%=A(!(?,%#[$)@2( )*(0C%(*-+.,%(=C)@=(0C#0(
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`.2-"-D#/-0'(6J(/)"#/(U)>%,2&%209A((I,-&#,'($#0#(*),(0C%(

EWUBARE'D.'B/'The'Role'of'Women'Cooperatives'in'the'Economic'Development'of'Rivers'State'
!.0C),6=9(#+,%%(0C#0(0C-=(#,0-"/%(,%&#-2(D%,&#2%20/'()D%2(#""%==(.2$%,(0C%(0%,&=()*(0C%(
<,%#0->%(<)&&)2=(!00,-?.0-)2(G-"%2=%(;A7(H20%,2#0-)2#/(G-"%2=%(((( ( I#+%(j!
!
=0.$'( @%,%( ")//%"0%$( -2( 375JM( .=-2+( @%//:=0,."0.,%$(
\.%=0-)22#-,%A( QC%( $#0#( ")//%"0%$( @%,%( #2#/'a%$( .=-2+(
$%=",-D0->%( =0#0-=0-"=A( !/=)M( \.%=0-)22#-,%( .=-2+( *).,(
G-[%,0( ="#/%( ='=0%&( @#=( .=%$( 0)( +%2%,#0%( $#0#( #2$( #(
&%#2( ?%2"C&#,[( @#=( %=0#?/-=C%$( *),( #""%D0#2"%( #2$(
,%B%"0-)2(6&%#2(="),%()*(3A;7(#2$(?%/)@(-=(,%B%"0%$(@C-/%(
3AJ(#2$(#?)>%(-=(#""%D0%$(K%=",-D0->%(=0#0-=0-"=p2#&%/'M(
*,%\.%2"-%=M( &%#2=( #2$( D%,"%20#+%=( @%,%( .=%$( #/)2+(
@-0C(0C%(2)2:D#,#&%0,-"E-2*%,%20-#/(=0#0-=0-"#/(0))/=(=."C(
#=("C-:=\.#,%(6#0(0C%(7A7J(/%>%/()*(=-+2-*-"#2"%9A((
L#"C(,%=D)2=%(@#=(+->%2(#($%+,%%()*(="),%=M(@C-"C(,#2+%(
*,)&( )2%( 0)( *).,AX2-Statistic-' QC%( <C-:=\.#,%:0%=06]39(
@#=( .=%$( 0)( 0%=0( 0C%( )>%,#//( =-+2-*-"#2"%( /%>%/A( QC%(
$%"-=-)2( ,./%( -=( 0C#0( -*( 0C%( ]3:"#/"./#0%$( 6Z:"#/9( ^( Z:
",-0-"#/6Z:0#?9M( -0( 0C%2( =-+2-*-%=( #2(#""%D0#2"%( )*( 0C%(
$-,%"0-)2#/(C'D)0C%=-=()0C%,@-=%(-0(@-//(?%(,%B%"0%$A(
4.1'Results'
4.1.1' Socio-Economic' Characteristics/Profiles' of' the'
Respondents'in'the'Study'Area'
QC%( =)"-):%")2)&-"( "C#,#"0%,-=0-"=ED,)*-/%=( )*( 0C%(
,%=D)2$%20=( #,%( #=( ")20#-2%$( -2( Q#?/%5A( QC%( ,%=./0(#/=)(
=C)@=( 0C#0( Y7( q57A77kr( )*( 0C%( 0)0#/( ,%=D)2$%20=( @%,%(
?%0@%%2(5g:3Y( '%#,=M(J;(q5gA77kr(@%,%( ?%0@%%2(3Y:3j(
'%#,=M( b8( q33AYYkr( @%,%?%0@%%2( 3j:YJ( '%#,M( g;(
q3gA77kr( @%,%( ?%0@%%2( YJ:;/'%#,=e( @C-/%( bJ(
,%D,%=%20-2+( 35Ab8k( )*( 0C%( 0)0#/( ,%=D)2$%20=( #,%( ;5(
'%#,=(#2$( #?)>%A(QC-=(,%=./0( -&D/-%$(0C#0(0C)=%(?%0@%%2(
0C%(#+%=()*(YJ:;5(C#$(0C%(C-+C%=0(2.&?%,()*(D#,0-"-D#20=(
qg;r( *)//)@%$( ?'( 3j:YJ( ',=( @-0C( b8( ,%=D)2$%20=A( QC%(
,%=D)2=%=(=C)@%$(0C#0(&#B),-0'()*(0C%(@)&%2(*#//(@-0C-2(
0C%(#+%=()*( YJ(#2$(;5A( QC%(&%#2(#+%()*(0C%(,%=D)2$%20=(
-=( b7A( QC%( &#,-0#/( =0#0.=( =C)@=( 0C#0( 533( q;7Ab8r( )*( 0C%(
0)0#/( ,%=D)2$%20=( @%,%( &#,,-%$M( ;7( q5YAYYr( @%,%(
.2&#,,-%$( q=-2+/%rM( 85( q3YAb8kr( @%,%( =%D#,#0%$M( 5J(
qJA77kr(@%,%($->),"%$M(@C-/%(J3(,%D,%=%20-2+(58AYYk()*(
0C%( 0)0#/( ,%=D)2$%20=( @%,%( @-$)@%$AQC-=( -&D/-%=( 0C#0(
&#,,-%$( @)&%2( C#$( 0C%( C-+C%=0( D#,0-"-D#20=( )*( 533M(
*)//)@%$( ?'( 0C)=%( =%D#,#0%$( @-0C( 85( D#,0-"-D#20=A( QC-=(
0#?/%(=C)@=(0C#0(&#,,-%$( @)&%2( #2$( =%D#,#0%$( @)&%2(
")2=0-0.0%$(0C%(?./[( )*( 0C%( D)D./#0-)2A( QC%( &%#2( )*( 0C%(
&#,-0#/(=0#0.=(-=(b7A(
QC%( &%#2( /%>%/( )*( %$."#0-)2#/( \.#/-*-"#0-)2=( )*(
,%=D)2$%20=( -=( ;YA( !=( D,%=%20%$( -2( 0#?/%( 5M( -0( "#2( ?%(
)?=%,>%$( 0C#0( 33( q8AYYkr( )*( 0C%( 0)0#/( ,%=D)2$%20=( $-$(
2)0( +)( 0)( ="C))/( #0( #//M( 5J( qJA77kr( C#$( 0C%-,( D,-&#,'(
-2")&D/%0%M( Y;( q55AYYkr( ")&D/%0%$( 0C%-,( D,-&#,'(
="C))/M( Y7( q57A77kr( $-$( 2)0( ")&D/%0%( 0C%-,( =%")2$#,'(
="C))/M(Jg(qj5jAYYkr( ")&D/%0%$( 0C%-,(=%")2$#,'(="C))/M(
b5( q37AYYkr( C#$( 0C%-,( 0%#"C%,( 0,#-2-2+( ")//%+%qQ<QHr(
"%,0-*-"#0%M( @C-/%( g7( ,%D,%=%20-2+( 3bAb8k( )*( 0C%( 0)0#/(
,%=D)2$%20=(C#$(0C%-,(D)=0(=%")2$#,'(\.#/-*-"#0-)2A(QC-=(
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0C)=%( @C)( ")&D/%0%$( 0C%-,( =%")2$#,'( ="C))/A( QC%(
2.&?%,( 0C#0( #00%2$%$( D)=0:( =%")2$#,'( %$."#0-)2( @#=(
>%,'(%2").,#+-2+A(
QC%( ,%=./0( -2( -2$-"#0%=( 0C#0( @-0C( ,%=D%"0( 0)(
)"".D#0-)2ED,)*%==-)2M( J;( q5gA77kr( )*( 0C%( ,%=D)2$%20=(
@%,%( *#,&%,=M( b7( q37A77kr( @%,%( 0,#$%,=M( g7( q3bAb8k9(
@%,%( 0%#"C%,=M( ;7( q5YAYYkr( @%,%( C#-,( $,%==%,=M( Y;(
q55AYYkr(@%,%(0#-/),=( 37(qbAb8kr(@%,%(0'D-2+M( @C-/%(53(
,%D,%=%20-2+( ;A77k( )*( 0C%( 0)0#/( ,%=D)2$%20=(@%,%( *,)&(
)0C%,( D,)*%==-)2=A( H2( 0%,&=( )*( D,)*%==-)2( 0%#"C%,=( C#$(
0C%( C-+C%=0( 2.&?%,( )*( g7( D#,0-"-D#20=M( *)//)@%$( ?'(
0,#$%,=(@-0C(b7(#2$(*#,&%,=(@-0C(J;(D#,0-"-D#20=A(
W#=%$( )2( /%2+0C( )*( 0-&%M( 0C%( ,%=./0=( =C)@%$( 0C#0( b8(
q33AYYkr( )*( 0C%( ,%=D)2$%20=( @%,%( -2( 0C%( "))D%,#0->%(
?%0@%%2( 5:J( '%#,=( 87( q3YAYYkr( C#>%( ?%%2( -2( 0C%(
"))D%,#0->%(?%0@%%2(J:57('%#,=M(8Y(q3;AYYkr(C#>%(?%%2(
-2( 0C%( "))D%,#0->%( ?%%2( 57:/J '%#,=M( @C-/%( j7( jY7A77kr(
C#>%(?%%2( -2(0C%("))D%,#0->%( ?%0@%%2(5J:37('%#,=A( QC-=(
=C)@=( 0C#0( 0C)=%( @C)( C#$( =D%20( 5J:37( '%#,=( -2(
"))D%,#0->%=( C#$( 0C%( C-+C%=0( 2.&?%,( )*( D#,0-"-D#20=( )*(
j7M(*)//)@%$(?'(57:5J('%#,=(@-0C(8Y(#2$(J:57('%#,=(@-0C(
87( &%&?%,=AQC%( &%#2( -2( &%&?%,=C-D( =0#0.=( )*(
,%=D)2$%20=( -=( 5J7A( QC%( $#0#( -2( 0#?/%( b( =C)@( 0C#0( 377(
qbbAb8kr( )*( 0C%( ,%=D)2$%20=( @%,%( ),$-2#,'( &%&?%,=e(
@C-/%( 577( ,%D,%=%20-2+( YYAYYk( @%,%( &#2#+%&%20(
")&&-00%%( &%&?%,=A( QC%( *-+.,%=( =-+2-*'( 0C#0( ),$-2#,'(
&%&?%,=()*(0C%("))D%,#0->%(C#>%(0C%(C-+C%=0(2.&?%,()*(
D#,0-"-D#20()*(377M(*)//)@%$(?'(0C)=%()*(0C%(&#2#+%&%20(
")&&-00%%A(
4.1.2.' Activities' and' Achievements' of' Women'
Cooperatives'
(QC%( ,%=./0=( ,%>%#/( 0C#0( D,)".,%&%20( )*( !+,-"./0.,#/(
-2D.0=( C#$( 0C%( C-+C%=0( ,%=D)2=%E( *,%\.%2"'( )*(
3J76gYAYYk9( *)//)@%$( ?'( #"\.-=-0-)2( )*( "#D-0#/(
%\.-D&%20( 6g7A77k9M( >)"#0-)2#/( =[-//=( 68bAb8k9M(
?.-/$-2+( *-=C( C#0"C%,'( ")&D/%FM( ")&?#0-2+( =)"-#/(
%F"/.=-)2(6bbAb8k9M( ?.-/$-2+()*(D)./0,'(*#,&=( 6bYAYYk9A(
QC%( ,%=./0( =C)@%$( 0C#0( ?.-/$-2+( )*( ?),%C)/%( C#$( 0C%(
/)@%=0(,%=D)2=%E(*,%\.%2"'(?'(0C%(,%=D)2$%20=A(
4.1.3Roles'of'Cooperatives'in'Women'Empowerment'
and'Poverty'Reduction'in'Rivers'StateA(
Q#?/%( ;AY( =C)@=( 0C%( ,)/%=( )*( "))D%,#0->%=( -2( @)&%2(
%&D)@%,&%20( #2$( D)>%,0'( ,%$."0-)2( -2( N->%,=( =0#0%A(
QC%(=0.$'((=C)@=(0C#00C%(,%=D)2$%20=(#+,%%$( 0C#0( 0C%( >#,-).=(
,)/%=( )*( @)&%2( "))D%,#0->%=( -2( %&D)@%,&%20( #2$( D)>%,0'(
,%$."0-)2( @%,%M( %&D/)'&%20( +%2%,#0-)2( @C-"C( C#$( 0C%( C-+C%=0(
&%#2( 6YA389( *)//)@%$( ?'( D,)&)0-)2( )*( =#>-2+=( #&)2+( &%&?%,=(
6YA3Y9M( -2",%#=%$( D,)$."0->-0'( 6YA789( M( ( A-&D,)>%&%20( -2( &%&?%,=(
-2")&%( 63Aj89M( #+%20( )*( "C#2+%( 63Aj89M( #""%==( 0)( *.2$( 63AgY9M( *))$(
=%".,-0'(63Ag79( (#2$(%#=%()*( ")&&)$-0'(D,)".,%&%20(63Ab89(AO).,"%(
)*(=0,%==65Ag79((@#=($-=#+,%%$(0)(?%(#(&#B),((,)/%(A((
Roles'of'
women'
cooperatives''
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EWUBARE'D.'B/'The'Role'of'Women'Cooperatives'in'the'Economic'Development'of'Rivers'State'
!.0C),6=9(#+,%%(0C#0(0C-=(#,0-"/%(,%&#-2(D%,&#2%20/'()D%2(#""%==(.2$%,(0C%(0%,&=()*(0C%(
<,%#0->%(<)&&)2=(!00,-?.0-)2(G-"%2=%(;A7(H20%,2#0-)2#/(G-"%2=%(((( ( I#+%(57!
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Source:'Field'survey,'2015.'''Q#?/%(;A5((
4.4.3Challenges/constraints' to' participation' of' women'
cooperatives'activities'in'the'study'area.(
Q#?/%( ;A5(=C)@=( 0C%( "C#//%2+%=E( ")2=0,#-20=( 0)(
D#,0-"-D#0-)2( )*( @)&%2( -2( "))D%,#0->%( #"0->-0-%=( -2(
N->%,=( =0#0%A( QC%(,%=./0( =C)@%$( 0C#0( D)/-0-"#/( -2=0#?-/-0'(
@C-"C( C#$( 0C%( C-+C%=0( &%#2( )*( YAY7( *)//)@%$( ?'(
-2#$%\.#0%( *.2$-2+( #2$( /-&-0%$( #""%==( 0)( -2>%=0&%20(
6YA3Y9M( -2#$%\.#0%( %$."#0-)2( -2( "))D%,#0->%( )D%,#0-)2=(
6YA589M( -2%**%"0->%( -&D/%&%20#0-)2( )*( +)>%,2&%20(
D)/-"-%=( 6YA5Y9M( D)),( +)>%,2#2"%( #2$( /#"[( )*(
&#2#+%&%20( =[-//=( 63AgY9M( ,%=-=0#2"%( 0)( "C#2+%( 63A859(
#2$( *%#,( )*( *#-/.,%( 63AJ89( @%,%( #//( #+,%%$(0)( ?%(
0C%"C#//%2+%=E")2=0,#-20=( 0)( D#,0-"-D#0-)2( )*( @)&%2( "))D%,#0->%=(
#"0->-0-%=(-2(0C%(=0.$'(#,%#A(
4.1.5.' Perception' of' People' toward'Participation' in' Women'
Cooperatives'in'Rivers'State'
Q#?/%( ;A5( =C)@=( 0C%( D%,"%D0-)2( )*( D%)D/%( 0)@#,$( D#,0-"-D#0-)2( -2(
@)&%2( "))D%,#0->%=( -2( N->%,=( =0#0%A( QC%( ,%=./0( =C)@=( 0C#0( 0C%(
,%=D)2$%20=( #+,%%$( 0C#0( "))D%,#0->%=( D/#'( #( &#B),( =%/*( ,)/%( -2(
#+,-"./0.,#/( $%>%/)D&%20( 6YA339M( "))D%,#0->%=(C#=( /)0=( )*( %")2)&-"(
?%2%*-0=6YA5Y9M( -0(C%/D=( -2( ,%$."-2+( ,#0%( )*( ( D)>%,0'( 6YA779M( -0( ?,-2+=(
#?).0( ,.,#/( #2$( %")2)&-"( $%>%/)D&%20( 63Aj79M( -0( -2",%#=%=( )2%=(
",%#0->%(=[-//=(63AgY9(#2$(0C#0("))D%,#0->%(-=(#(=).,"%()*(-2")&%(63Ag79(
A( QC%'( $-=#+,%%$( 0C#0( 0C%'( @%,%( $-=D/%#=%$( @-0C( "))D%,#0->%=( -2(
N->%,=( =0#0%( 63A;79A( QC%( ,%=./0=( )*( 0C%( *-,=0( C'D)0C%=%=(
=C)@%$( 0C#0( @)&%2( D#,0-"-D#0-)2( -2( "))D%,#0->%(
=)"-%0-%=( C#=( #( =-+2-*-"#20( ,%/#0-)2=C-D( @-0C( %")2)&-"(
$%>%/)D&%20A( QC%( ,%=./0( =C)@%$( 0C#0( 0C%( ]3(>#/.%(
"#/"./#0%$( @#=( /%==( 0C#2( 0C%( ]3(>#/.%( 0#?./#0%$( 6]3"#/As(
]30#?9A( QC%( ,%=./0=( #/=)( =C)@%$( 0C#0( f)&%2( ,)/%( -2(
"))D%,#0->%=( C#=( #( =-+2-*-"#20( ,%/#0-)2=C-D( @-0C(
%")2)&-"( $%>%/)D&%20E%&D)@%,&%20AQC%( ,%=./0(
=C)@%$(0C#0( 0C%(]3(>#/.%("#/"./#0%$(@#=(/%==(0C#2(0C%( ]3(
>#/.%((0#?./#0%$(6]3"#/As(]30#?9(
Table' 4.2.' ' Challenges' /constraints ' to' participation' of' women'
cooperative'activities'in'the'study'area.(
Challenges'
/Constraints'
SA'
A'
SD'
D'
Mean'
Remark'
5AAI)),((
U)>%,2#2"%(#2$((
/#"[()*(
`#2#+%&%20(
=[-//=(
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3AH2#$%\.#0%(
*.2$-2+(#2$(
/-&-0%$(#""%==(0)(
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5J7(
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YAH2%**%"0->%(
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)*(U)>%,2&%20(
D)/-"-%=(
537(
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Table' 4.3.' Perception' of' People' toward'Participation' in'
Women'Cooperatives'in'Rivers'State.'
People’s'
Perceptions'
SA'
A'
SD'
D'
Mean'
Remark'
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