ArticlePublisher preview available

What's Love Got to Do With It?

Authors:
To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the author.

Abstract

From the first moment I was introduced to humanistic psychology in graduate school, I fell in love with the idea that love really mattered, for my own personal growth as a mental health professional, and as a critical learning edge in psychotherapy, itself guiding the client toward love for and appreciation of him- or herself. We can be quite harsh with ourselves in our internal dialogue and that is not healthy. That is why as a key component of my presidential year, I've chosen to emphasize love and its various contributions to health, well-being and the skillset involved in thriving, or at least, attempting to thrive. When the rest of the world is telling us "no" in the multiple ways that it does, love for our very selves can propel us toward growth, learning, development and adopting self-actualization as a lifelong philosophy. Where Western society and mass media over the years have portrayed self-love and self-care as selfishness and selfindulgence, humanistic psychology and mindfulness interventions promoted in Eastern cultures instead encourage self-care, framing it as self-nourishment, where at the end of the day, we have more "good stuff" left over to give others, rather than less. Through humanistic psychology and mindfulness, we learn how to cultivate such inner reserves.
What’s Love Got to Do With It?
Donna Rockwell
Saybrook University
From the first moment I was introduced to humanistic psychology in graduate school, I fell in love
with the idea that love really mattered, for my own personal growth as a mental health
professional, and as a critical learning edge in psychotherapy, itself guiding the client toward love
for and appreciation of him- or herself. We can be quite harsh with ourselves in our internal
dialogue and that is not healthy. That is why as a key component of my presidential year, I’ve
chosen to emphasize love and its various contributions to health, well-being and the skillset
involved in thriving, or at least, attempting to thrive. When the rest of the world is telling us “no”
in the multiple ways that it does, love for our very selves can propel us toward growth, learning,
development and adopting self-actualization as a lifelong philosophy. Where Western society and
mass media over the years have portrayed self-love and self-care as selfishness and self-
indulgence, humanistic psychology and mindfulness interventions promoted in Eastern cultures
instead encourage self-care, framing it as self-nourishment, where at the end of the day, we have
more “good stuff” left over to give others, rather than less. Through humanistic psychology and
mindfulness, we learn how to cultivate such inner reserves.
Keywords: humanistic psychology, existential psychology, multiculturalism, love, qualitative
research, self-actualization
Before the beginning, was love. Everything came to be through love,
and without love, nothing of what has existed since the beginning or is
now or will be forever would have come to be. In the very beginning
was love; the basis of the universe—its law and regulations—is love.
When all ends, only love will remain; all that is outside love will pass.
—St. Charbel Makhlouf
From the first moment I was introduced to humanistic psychology in graduate school,
I fell in love with the idea that love really mattered, for my own personal growth as a
mental health professional, and as a critical learning edge in psychotherapy, itself guiding
the client toward love for and appreciation of himself or herself. We can be quite harsh
with ourselves in our internal dialogue, and that is not healthy.
This article was published Online First March 4, 2019.
A version of this Division 32 President’s column was published in the Society for Humanistic
Psychology Newsletter in April 2018.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Donna Rockwell, College of
Integrative Medicine and Health Sciences, Saybrook University, 32463 Scottsdale Road, Franklin,
MI 48025. E-mail: drdonnarockwell@gmail.com
This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.
This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.
The Humanistic Psychologist
© 2019 American Psychological Association 2019, Vol. 47, No. 4, 335–338
0887-3267/19/$12.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/hum0000128
335
... For example, the journal Nature Genetics has gone as far as to explicitly warn that manuscripts citing rhetorically will be rejected 18 . Even aside from official policies, some argue that rhetorical citing is a signal of low-quality work 19,20 . ...
Article
Full-text available
Authors of scientific papers are usually encouraged to cite works that meaningfully influenced their research (substantive citations) and avoid citing works that had no meaningful influence (rhetorical citations). Rhetorical citations are assumed to degrade incentives for good work and benefit prominent papers and researchers. Here, we explore if rhetorical citations have some plausibly positive effects for science and disproportionately benefit the less prominent papers and researchers. We developed a set of agent-based models where agents can cite substantively and rhetorically. Agents first choose papers to read based on their expected quality, become influenced by those that are sufficiently good, and substantively cite them. Next, agents fill any remaining slots in their reference lists with rhetorical citations that support their narrative, regardless of whether they were actually influential. We then turned agents’ ability to cite rhetorically on-and-off to measure its effects. Enabling rhetorical citing increased the correlation between paper quality and citations, increased citation churn, and reduced citation inequality. This occurred because rhetorical citing redistributed some citations from a stable set of elite-quality papers to a more dynamic set with high-to-moderate quality and high rhetorical value. Increasing the size of reference lists, often seen as an undesirable trend, amplified the effects. Overall, rhetorical citing may help deconcentrate attention and make it easier to displace established ideas.
... The view is so common and uncontroversial that the journal Nature Genetics has gone as far as to explicitly warn that manuscripts citing rhetorically will be rejected (Nature Genetics Editorials, 2017). Even aside from official policies, some argue that rhetorical citing is a signal of low-quality work (Petric, 2007;Rose, 2014). ...
Preprint
Full-text available
The scientific community generally discourages authors of research papers from citing papers that did not influence them because such "rhetorical" citations are assumed to degrade the literature and incentives for good work. Intuitively, a world where authors cite only substantively appears attractive. We argue that manding substantive citing may have underappreciated consequences on the allocation of attention and dynamism. We develop a novel agent-based model in which agents cite substantively and rhetorically. Agents first select papers to read based on their expected quality, read them and observe their actual quality, become influenced by those that are sufficiently good, and substantively cite them. Next, agents fill any remaining slots in the reference lists with papers that support their claims, regardless of whether they were actually influential. By turning rhetorical citing on-and-off, we find that rhetorical citing increases the correlation between quality and citations, increases citation churn, and reduces citation inequality. This occurs because rhetorical citing redistributes some citations from a stable set of elite-quality papers to a more dynamic set with high-to-moderate quality and high rhetorical value. Increasing the size of reference lists, often seen as an undesirable trend, amplifies the effects. In sum, rhetorical citing helps deconcentrate attention and makes it easier to displace incumbent ideas, so whether it is indeed undesirable depends on the metrics used to judge desirability.
... The last stage involves the development of one's full potential, for which basic needs must first be satisfied to a certain degree. It is important to note that self-actualization is a lifelong and dynamic process (Bernard, 2013;Rockwell, 2019b). In this respect, self-actualization and selflove are comparable: We propose to define self-love as an attitude of kindness toward oneself and to understand it as a lifelong practice. ...
Article
Full-text available
Self-love is a controversial construct: Throughout history, views on self-love have been polarized as “good” (associated with well-being and health) versus “bad” (associated with narcissism and selfishness). Although predominately equated in academic literature, self-love and narcissism are in fact opposites. However, there is a lack of adequate research, debate, and empirical work on the construct of self-love and its contributing factors. We attempted to address the limitations of previous studies and aim to propose a methodologically sound model of self-love. Arguing that psychotherapists benefit from a broad and differentiated understanding of self-love, we administered 13 semistructured interviews with regular psychotherapists, psychotherapist authors of books or journal articles on self-love, and psychotherapists/coaches with long experience in group work on self-love. Interview questions focused on specifying self-love and its components. An inductive thematic analysis yielded a preliminary model with three main themes: (a) self-contact, defined as giving attention to oneself; (b) self-acceptance, defined as being at peace with oneself; and (c) self-care, defined as being protective of and caring for oneself. We first validated the findings with the same sample of experts and then assessed our preliminary model’s consistency with the existing literature and its comprehensiveness, before augmenting and modifying the model to arrive at a final model of self-love. The relationships with other self-related constructs such as self-compassion and self-esteem are further examined. Results shed new light on the construct and provide a basis for further research examining the link between self-love, psychological health, and well-being.
... Selflove, as depicted by participants' statements, reflected a sentiment of loving oneself and also associated with confidence. This concept of loving oneself associated with Rockwell's (2019) description of self-love: "love for our very selves" (p. 336). ...
Thesis
This mixed-methods study focused on relationships between social support during adolescence and adulthood resilience, emphasizing trauma-affected adults. Trauma-affected was defined as self-reported exposure to at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE; Felitti et al., 1998). Study participants were enrolled in postsecondary programs in the Northeastern United States. Using a phenomenological approach, the qualitative component of the study included interviews with 11 adults to ascertain descriptions of social supports experienced during adolescence. Interview findings generated open-ended response questions that accompanied quantitative surveys. The quantitative component encompassed a correlational approach to analyze data from 79 participants. Data were collected using the ACE Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Resilience Scale. Results were integrated to compare and connect qualitative and quantitative findings between the trauma- and non-trauma-affected groups. This approach allowed for an understanding of protective factors (i.e., social supports) and promotive factors (i.e., personal competence and resilience). Family (trauma-affected) and friends (non-trauma-affected) served as the strongest social supports. In general, school-based supports inconsistently served in the role of protective factors, regardless of trauma exposure. The correlation between personal competence and resilience (as measured by RS) was significant for trauma-affected participants (.983 at the p = .01 level). Self-love emerged as a novel concept reported solely among trauma-affected participants. Recommendations focus on integrating caring and invitational language in pre-K to 20 education programs so educators can serve in the role of social support for adolescent students. Keywords: adverse childhood experiences (ACE), correlation, invitational education, mixed methods, phenomenology, promotive factors, protective factors, resilience, Resilience Scale, school-based supports, self-love, social support, trauma
Article
The late Donna Rockwell had an outsize influence on the Society for Humanistic Psychology. In addition to recounting two important interactions that reflected the personal impact she had, several powerful quotes from Donna are shared to convey her commitment to the principles and practices of humanistic psychology.
How the worst of Harvey brought out America's best
  • S Hartman
Hartman, S. (2017, September 1). How the worst of Harvey brought out America's best. CBS News. Retrieved Jan 5, 2018, from https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-the-worst-of-harvey-broughtout-americas-best/
Humanistic Studies (now the Michigan School of Psychology). Her research on mindfulness in psychotherapy can be found in
  • D Walcott
  • Straus Farrar
  • Giroux Rockwell
  • D Valle
Walcott, D. (2014). Love after love, in sea grapes. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Retrieved January 5, 2018, from https://allpoetry.com/Love-After-Love Center for Humanistic Studies (now the Michigan School of Psychology). Her research on mindfulness in psychotherapy can be found in, Rockwell, D., & Valle, R. (2016).