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ADAPTACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN CRIMINOLÓGICA EN EL ANTROPOCENO: LA REINVENCIÓN DEL CRIMINÓLOGO
Abstract
En una era donde el ser humano es el responsable de los cambios ecológicos y socioeconómicos, los daños ambientales generados derivan en consecuencias de índole social, ante ello la Criminología debe de sumarse al resto de disciplinas que abordan posibles soluciones. En esta breve presentación queremos poner de relieve el papel que desde la Criminología verde se puede desempeñar, en aras de facilitar medidas que puedan poner freno a los efectos que se derivan de los daños ambientes que surgen de las actividades antrópicas.
Intervención en las IV Jornadas de Orientación Profesional e Inserción Laboral UJI
Con este artículo quiero hacer una aportación a la Criminología verde y resaltar el potencial de esta perspectiva criminológica para confrontar uno de los principales problemas del planeta: el cambio climático. Nos introducimos en el mundo “verde” de la ciencia que analiza los fenómenos criminales, veremos como desde un punto de vista crítico y teniendo en cuenta factores que abordan otras áreas de conocimiento, se configura un posicionamiento que puede arrojar luz sobre gran parte de los efectos del cambio climático. Se analizan, aspectos como el ámbito de aplicación de estos posicionamientos y la emergencia climática desde una perspectiva criminológica para establecer la vinculación que puede existir entre crimen y cambio climático.
Se realiza una breve aportación sobre el análisis de la actividad ilegal de la pesca, en sus diferentes modalidades, considerando el daño social, económico y ambiental asociado a ella. Detallaremos los daños ocasionados por la pesca furtiva teniendo en cuenta que, como apuntan diferentes informes y estudios, existen diferentes barcos o empresas españolas, denunciadas por practicar o favorecer la pesca ilegal que, representando hasta un tercio de la capturas de determinadas especies ponen en riesgo no solo a la propia especie, sino al ecosistema del que forman parte. Se enumeran los mecanismos, más importantes, de protección jurídica frente a la pesca ilegal, incidiendo en la definición del delito de pesca ilegal, haciendo una breve referencia a la perspectiva de la Green criminology. Por último, se analizan las principales especies que son consideradas como especies de interés en la pesca denominada ilegal, así como una descripción de la actual regulación jurídica de la pesca marítima.
The illegal charcoal trade is a green crime that devastates the environment, but as with
other crimes against nature also has not been thoroughly examined by the criminological
community. The legal and illegal production and use of charcoal takes place around
the world. It is a source of fuel for cooking and heating that many rural and urban people
are dependent upon, but when done so unsustainably and illegally contributes to
deforestation, desertification, and climate change as well as to the destruction of habitats
of endangered species and other wildlife. Using the data gathered from an ongoing
cooperative effort between the non-governmental organization, Wildlife Alliance, and
the Royal Cambodian Forestry Administration to stop the illegal charcoal trade, and the
literature about other charcoal producing nations, this article provides evidence of consequences
to the environment and people if this black market trade is not diminished
and introduces to the criminological agenda the green crime of the illegal charcoal trade.
A rapidly growing body of research examines whether human conflict can be affected by climatic changes. Drawing from archaeology,
criminology, economics, geography, history, political science, and psychology, we assemble and analyze the 60 most rigorous
quantitative studies and document, for the first time, a striking convergence of results. We find strong causal evidence linking
climatic events to human conflict across a range of spatial and temporal scales and across all major regions of the world.
The magnitude of climate’s influence is substantial: for each one standard deviation (1σ) change in climate toward warmer
temperatures or more extreme rainfall, median estimates indicate that the frequency of interpersonal violence rises 4% and
the frequency of intergroup conflict rises 14%. Because locations throughout the inhabited world are expected to warm 2σ to
4σ by 2050, amplified rates of human conflict could represent a large and critical impact of anthropogenic climate change.
Studies of the intersection between environmental hazards and community demographics have concluded that environmental inequality is prevalent in communities across the United States. While these studies offer persuasive indicators of environmental inequality, we still have little understanding of the social forces involved in the production of these unequal outcomes. Drawing on a case study of a community of color facing illegal dumping, I propose an environmental justice framework to explain the social dynamics that produced this outcome.
As a contribution to literature drawing together green criminology and studies of organised and corporate crime, this paper
provides a case study of crimes and public health harms linked to the Naples garbage disposal crisis. The context is the inability
of modern consumer society to cope with the problem of mass production of waste. In turn this leads to opportunities for both
legal and criminal entrepreneurs to offer services that promise but fail to ‘dispose’ of the problem. The analysis draws upon
environmental law and classic studies of organised crime.
This book examines the evolution of the relationship between climate change and conflict, and attempts to visualize future trends. Owing to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, current trends in climate change will not appreciably alter over the next half century even if drastic action is taken now. Changes in climate will produce unique types and modes of conflict, redefine the value of important resources, and create new challenges to maintaining social order and stability. This book examines the consequences of climate change and argues that it has and will produce two types of different types of conflict: 'cold wars' and 'hot wars'. Cold wars will occur in northern and southern latitudes as warming draws countries into possible conflict due to expanding interests in exploiting new resources and territories (inter-state conflict). Hot wars will break out around the equator as warming expands and intensifies dry areas, increasing competition for scarce resources (intra-state conflict). Conflict is not inevitable, but it will also be a consequence of how states, international institutions and people react to changes in climate. Climate change and conflict have always shaped human experiences. This book lays out the parameters of the relationship, shows its history, and forecasts its trends, offering future conditions and opportunities for changing the historical path we are on. This book will be of great interest for students of climate change and environmental security, peace and conflict studies, and IR/security studies in general.
After providing an overview of climate change and its effects, this article draws on the leading crime theories to discuss the potential impact of climate change on crime. It is argued that climate change will increase strain, reduce social control, weaken social support, foster beliefs favorable to crime, contribute to traits conducive to crime, increase certain opportunities for crime, and create social conflict. An overall model of climate change and crime is then presented, along with suggestions for research. Even though neglected by criminologists, there is good reason to believe that climate change will become one of the major forces driving crime as the century progresses.
For the past three centuries, the effects of humans on the global environment have escalated. Because of these anthro-pogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, global climate may depart significantly from natural behaviour for many millennia to come. It seems appropriate to assign the term ‘Anthropocene’ to the present, in many ways human-dominated, geological epoch, supplementing the Holocene—the warm period of the past 10–12 millennia.
Environmental crime and social conflict: contemporary and emerging issues
- A Brisman
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Routledge international handbook of green criminology
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Hall, M., & Farrall, S. (2013). The criminogenic consequences of climate change. En
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Ecología. Barcelona: Omega
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Criminología verde como ecocriminología: el desarrollo de una ciencia social del crimen ecológicamente informada. Obtenido de Academia
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Justicia ecológica en la era del Antropoceno
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At risk: Climate change and its bearing on women's vulnerability to male violence
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to male violence. En P. Beirne, & N. South, Issues in green criminology:
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Green criminology & wildflife trafficking: The illegal fur and falcon trades in Russia Far East
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Wyatt, T. (2012). Green criminology & wildflife trafficking: The illegal fur and falcon
trades in Russia Far East. Saarbrücken, Alemania: LAP, Lambert Academic
Publishing.