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Sportization of judo “movements” and the reality of judo athletes:: recognition of the “principle of ju”
Abstract
Focusing on the theory of the “principle of ju” that generates movements and techniques reflecting the proverb “softness overcomes hardness: ju yoku go wo seisu”, we discuss the relationship between the movement of modern judo practitioners and its sportization, in order to grasp the current situation of judo in Japan. It was found that there are 3 levels among contemporary Japanese judo practitioners: (1) those who practice judo in the context of a competitive sport while being aware of the tradition, (2) those who practice judo purely as a competitive sport, and (3) those who practice the traditional skills of a martial art. It is widely recognized that those at level (1) tend to neglect, whereas those at level (3) tend to emphasize the arts of judo. Also, older judo practitioners tend to emphasize the proverb “softness overcomes hardness”, but this is unrelated to the length of time spent training and the dan level of the practitioner. Many present day judo practitioners regard judo as a competitive sport, suggesting that – in terms of movement – Japan’s judo tradition being lost. On the other hand, however, it has also become clear that those who love judo and practice it with an attitude not obsessed with victory or defeat or of improving their skills, attach great importance to “softness overcomes hardness”. In order for judo to continue to remain a “physical exercise culture proclaiming the place of traditional Japan in a global world”, it can be suggested that the challenge lies in the rebuilding of the interaction with judo as a martial art that aims for “development of skills” with a loving attitude that differs from competition, while ensuring that some aspects remain competitive.
... Users of decision support systems use and process data in related formats. ird, the storage and utilization integration: the data input to the decision support system of martial arts judges can be applied to the martial arts competition again, so that the overall rule system can be updated step by step [11,12]. ...
... In formula (11), θ a represents the martial arts wrong action to be recognized. e effective measure of automatic recognition represents the efficiency of automatic recognition. ...
To realize the recognition and scoring of Wushu Athletes’ wrong actions by electronic referees, reduce the difficulty of referees’ recognition, help reduce man-made errors and influence in the process of competition judgment, and make the referee work fairer and more scientific, therefore, this paper aims to make an in-depth study on the Wushu referee decision support system based on the theory and method of error recognition. Firstly, this paper discusses the overall architecture of the Wushu decision support system, analyzes the functions and database design of each system in the system, constructs a digital and information-based Wushu referee decision support system, and uses the error matrix logic equation to solve the recognition state and goal. The Nrej3d technology is introduced for collecting the characteristics of martial arts wrong actions, and matching recognition is completed by using the sports space, to complete the research on the decision support system of martial arts referees based on the theory and method of wrong recognition. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper is superior to other methods in the recognition accuracy and effective measurement of martial arts wrong movements and has a certain application value.
The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the educational framework of Judo curriculum used in school physical education classes by re-evaluating the current Judo curriculum model, motivated by the increasing urges for safety awareness in Judo classes due to frequent accidents which have occurred in recent years. In order to define the curriculum content of Judo classes, I started by investigating the common body movements of various Judo techniques according to the general concepts of Movement Culture in Japanese academics, while also applying some of the improvements adopted by ball game curriculums for school P.E. classes. Then, I constructed the core concept, called ‘The Basic Principle of Ju’, which shares fundamental commonalities with the ancient Japanese martial arts, by focusing on behavioral principles which rule the movements or tactics of Jujutsu in Japanese martial arts. Lastly, I clarified the educational framework of Judo in relation to ‘The Basic Principle of Ju’ as well as to Jigoro Kano’s philosophies of Judo as the union of sports and education, as embodied by his ideas of seiryoku zenyo (lit. the most effective use of physical and spiritual strength) and jita kyoei (lit. co prosperity between yourself and others), which I reevaluated for this study. As a result, I successfully defined an educational framework for Judo which aims for mastery of certain movements and behavioral patterns which reflect the virtue of jyu yoku go wo seisu (lit. softness overcomes hardness), and are based on ‘The Basic Principle of Ju’ derived from the ancient Japanese martial arts.
This paper outlines a new educational framework for the Judo curriculum established through development of a scale designed to evaluate a pattern of tactical thinking, “the principle of Ju”, inherited from Jujitsu and Judo through a study of Japanese traditional culture in schools. First, we developed a hypothetical concept for evaluating “the principle of Ju”, which is based on the basic movements and tactics whereby “softness overcomes hardness” (ju yoku go wo seisu), as outlined in “the principle of Ju”. We devised a 35-item evaluation scale and investigated it in detail using the Delphi method. We then formulated a questionnaire comprising 28 items. Next, we subjected Jujitsu practitioners and Judo athletes to exploratory factor analysis and verified the adaptability of a factor analysis model and the reliability of the scale. This research approach yielded two findings: 1) There are two principle elements of ancient Japanese martial arts, kisoku wo hazusu ugoki (lit. A fluid shift between anticipatory restraint and counter-movements.) and in to yo no tsukaiwake (lit. A yin and yang approach of selecting actions which harmoniously counter-balance those of the opponent). 2) “The principle of Ju” is able to provide a realistic Judo class and curriculum for learning practical movements and tactical decision-making in schools. Then, through a comparison between wrestling athletes and the general concept of “the principle of Ju” in modern society, it has been clearly confirmed that this is inherited by Jujitsu practitioners, whereas Judo athletes exhibit this on the same level as wrestling athletes. These results indicate that Judo has been influenced by athletic sports, and that this has now become an essential part of Judo principles. Accordingly, “athletic Judo” appears to have a limiting influence on the Judo curriculum when studying traditional culture in schools.