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IRENA Innovation Landscape 2019 report
Abstract
This comprehensive study elaborates on the 30 key innovations that will play an important role in accelerating the transformation of the power sector. It includes innovations in technology but also in systems operation, market design and business models. This toolbox supports countries in their transition towards a sustainable, low-carbon and cost-effective energy sector.
Four innovation briefs have also been released together with this synthesis report, and 26 other innovation briefs are to follow in the next months. Each of the briefs brings more in-depth insights to each of the 30 key innovations identified in the report. The four briefs released are:
• Aggregators
• Blockchain
• Future role of distribution system operators
• Time-of-use tariffs
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Increasing penetrations of variable renewable energy (VRE) can affect wholesale electricity price patterns and make them meaningfully different from past, traditional price patterns. Many long-lasting decisions for supply- and demand-side electricity infrastructure and programs are based on historical observations or assume a business-as-usual future with low shares of VRE. Our motivating question is whether certain electric-sector decisions that are made based on assumptions reflecting low VRE levels will still achieve their intended objective in a high VRE future. We qualitatively describe how various decisions may change with higher shares of VRE and outline an analytical framework for quantitatively evaluating the impacts of VRE on long-lasting decisions.
We then present results from detailed electricity market simulations with capacity expansion and unit commitment models for multiple regions of the U.S. for low and high VRE futures. We find a general decrease in average annual hourly wholesale energy prices with more VRE penetration, increased price volatility and frequency of very low-priced hours, and changing diurnal price patterns. Ancillary service prices rise substantially and peak net-load hours with high capacity value are shifted increasingly into the evening, particularly for high solar futures.
While in this report we only highlight qualitatively the possible impact of these altered price patterns on other demand- and supply-side electric sector decisions, the core set of electricity market prices derived here provides a foundation for later planned quantitative evaluations of these decisions in low and high VRE futures.
The growing penetration of distributed energy resources is opening up opportunities for local energy management (LEM) – the coordination of decentralized energy supply, storage, transport, conversion and consumption within a given geographical area. Because European electricity market liberalization concentrates competition at the wholesale level, local energy management at the distribution level is likely to impose new roles and responsibilities on existing and/or new actors. This paper provides insights into the appropriateness of organizational models for flexibility management to guarantee retail competition and feasibility for upscaling. By means of a new analytical framework three projects in the Netherlands and one in Germany have been analysed. Both the local aggregator and dynamic pricing projects present potentials for retail competition and feasibility of upscaling in Europe.
This study, building on the extensive models developed for the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (WWSIS), uses these WECC models to evaluate the operating cost impacts of improved day-ahead wind forecasts.
This paper describes how dynamic line rating(DLR) is applied for load management and protection of a 132 kV double-circuit line between Skegness and Boston (North East of England) thereby enabling a larger penetration of wind generation. The rating of the line is calculated dynamically from local weather measurements to co-ordinate allowed generation automatically. As a back-up system, in case for some reason the wind farm power output is not reduced on command by the control system, a relay is available to initiate tripping of the wind generators. The paper also includes an analysis of the field data gathered from site which is used to verify the accuracy of the relay algorithm.
This book outlines the challenges that increasing amounts of renewable and distributed energy represent when integrated into established electricity grid infrastructures, offering a range of potential solutions that will support engineers, grid operators, system planners, utilities, and policymakers alike in their efforts to realize the vision of moving toward greener, more secure energy portfolios. Covering all major renewable sources, from wind to solar, the authors highlight case studies of successful integration scenarios to demonstrate pathways toward overcoming the complexities created by variable and distributed generation.
The concept of conductor temperature monitoring has gained in importance with development of advanced electricity networks whose main objective is to increase the capacity, efficiency and reliability of modern power systems. The methods applied to the conductor temperature monitoring of overhead lines can be roughly classified as direct and indirect. In direct methods for conductor temperature monitoring, the temperature is measured directly or by measuring a particular conductor parameter, which is temperature dependent such as sag, tension, conductor resistance, conductor distance from the ground, etc. In indirect methods for the conductor temperature monitoring, the conductor temperature is obtained by applying a specific mathematical model that as an input uses the measured values of weather parameters and line current. Basically, this paper focuses on the issues of direct methods for conductor temperature monitoring, thus providing an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of each method.
When a wind power system is connected to a network point there is a limit of power generation based on the characteristics of the network and the loads connected to it. Traditionally, transmission line limits are estimated conservatively assuming unfavourable weather conditions (high ambient temperature, full sun and low wind speed). However, the transmission capacity of an overhead line increases when wind speed is high,due to the cooling caused by wind in the distribution lines. Dynamic line rating (DLR) systems allow monitoring real weather conditions and calculating the real capacity of lines. Thus, when planning wind power integration, if dynamic line limits are considered instead of the conservative and static limits, estimated capacity increases. This article reviews all technologies developed for real-time monitoring, during the last 30 years, as well as some case studies around the world, and brings out the benefits and technical limitations of employing dynamic line rating on overhead lines. Further, the use of these DLR systems in wind integration is reviewed. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The amount of wind power and other time-variable non-dispatchable electricity generation is rapidly increasing across the world, causing a significant change in the electrical system configuration. The existing structural asset isn't adequate to dispatch these new power that have a priority in the energy dispatching. In addiction the outage of substations on the grid and the increase of consumptions have caused growing load currents. In order to satisfy these needs, TSOs have adopted new measures on existing power lines and N-1 criteria to ensures the electrical grid security. These particular devices are Dynamic Thermal Rating (DTR) systems. After introducing thermal resistant conductors and DTR solutions, the paper reports different applications used by TERNA - Italian TSO. These systems are already installed on lines and they are contributing to increase power flows thanks to raise by 10-30% of the real time dynamic ratings than the static evaluations. Advantages for electrical systems are many such energy vectors optimizations, congestions reductions, reliability increasing, cross-border power flows increasing, smart grid development.
Definitive assessment of Federal Energy Regulatory Commission policies on regional transmission organizations is not currently possible because of uncertainties in the data and methods used in recent benefit-cost studies as well as lack of investigation of key impacts of the formation of RTOs.