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  • Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush,New Delhi, India
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Background: Incidences of side effects and relapses are very common in chronic ulcerative colitis patients after termination of the treatment. Aims and objectives: This study aims to compare the treatment with monoherbal formulation of Holarrhena antidysenterica with Mesalamine in chronic ulcerative colitis patients with special emphasis to side effects and relapse. Settings and design: Patients were enrolled from an Ayurveda Hospital and a private Hospital, Gujarat. The study was randomized, parallel group and single blind design. Materials and methods: The protocol was approved by Institutional Human Research Ethics Committee of Anand Pharmacy College on 23(rd) Jan 2013. Three groups (n = 10) were treated with drug Mesalamine (Group I), monoherbal tablet (Group II) and combination of both (Group III) respectively. Baseline characteristics, factors affecting quality of life, chronicity of disease, signs and symptoms, body weight and laboratory investigations were recorded. Side effects and complications developed, if any were recorded during and after the study. Statistical analysis used: Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. Data was statistically evaluated using t-test, Wilcoxon test, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and ANOVA, wherever applicable, using GraphPad Prism 6. Results: All the groups responded positively to the treatments. All the patients were positive for occult blood in stool which reversed significantly after treatment along with rise in hemoglobin. Patients treated with herbal tablets alone showed maximal reduction in abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bowel frequency and stool consistency scores than Mesalamine treated patients. Treatment with herbal tablet alone and in combination with Mesalamine significantly reduced the stool infection. Patients treated with herbal drug alone and in combination did not report any side effects, relapse or complications while 50% patients treated with Mesalamine exhibited the relapse with diarrhea and flatulence after drug withdrawal. Conclusion: Thus, monoherbal formulation alone and with Mesalamine was efficacious than Mesalamine alone in UC.
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Holarrhena Antidysenterica is a very significant herbal drug in Unani system of medicine and Ayurvedic system of medicine. This meticulous herb was used to treat a variety of infectious diseases especially in Staphylococcus aureus, Entamoeba histolytica and Escherichia coli. It is a large tree of 30 to 40 feet in height grows widely on the mountains. A large number of pharmacological studies have been done on the bark and seed of the tree.
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Three new steroidal alkaloids, namely regholarrhenine A, B, and C, isolated from the stem bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica collected at flowering stage are described. Structural studies on the basis of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ORD, CD and mass spectral and chemical evidences show that the first two alkaloids lack the C-3 amino function in the conenine structure but possess a dienone system in ring A. In addition, both contain a hydroxy group at C- 11 but differ in the nature of the nitrogen in the heterocyclic ring (tertiary and secondary amino group, respectively). Regholarrhenine C is the partially demethylated enamine analogue of conessine where both the heterocyclic and C-3 nitrogens are secondary amines.
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The present study deals with the pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies of leaves of Thespesia Populnea Linn. The objective of the present work comprise of collection, identification, microscopical and phytochemical evaluation of leaves of Thespesia Populnea Linn. The preliminary phytochemical studies indicates the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, phytosterols, tannins, saponins, proteins and aminoacids, terpenes, phenols, gums and mucilage's. The sections were taken and cellular structures were studied. The T.S of leaf shows the presence of epidermis, vascular bundle, glandular trichomes which are peltate type, cleared leaf showing vein-islet, vein-termination and mucilage masses, Peeling of the lamina showing abaxial epidermis- with stomata.Powder microscopy of the leaf shows the presence of crystals in the peltate scale, crystals in the ground parenchyma and phloem cells.
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Holarrhena antidysenterica (L)-Apocyanaceae, well known for its antidiarrhoeal activity was studied for its effect on diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. Different dilutions of the decoction of the plant were assayed for its effect on the adherence and toxin production of 2 groups of E.coli- enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic (ETEC.) Adherence per se was not affected though disruption of the characteristic 'microcolonies' of EPEC on HEp-2 cell line was observed. The decoction was more effective in inhibiting stable toxin production as compared with labile toxin production.
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Holarrhena antidysenterica (L) (Kutaja-Wall) Apocynaceae, is a common plant widely cited in literature for its medicinal value due to the presence of a large number of alkaloids. Various parts of the tree viz. bark, root, stem and seeds are known to have various medicinal properties including acute and chronic diarrhea and dysentery activity. The alkaloids are present in the polymeric matrix network of proteins and polysaccharide. There are specific enzymes that can break down this proteinaceous and polysaccharide matrix leading to an increase in the release of the drug, which will then facilitate the extraction. The overall effect will be an increase in the overall extraction of the constituents of interest. It was observed that cellulase was most effective in the release of alkaloids.
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Plants of genus Leucas belongs to family Lamiacae and have been widely employed by the traditional healers to cure many diseases. The objective of the study was to do preliminary phytochemical screening of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Leucas indica (EELLI). About 1000 gm of air dried powdered material of leaves of Leucas indica was extracted with 90% ethanol in a soxhlet extractor for 36 hours. It was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure and controlled temperature (40-50oC) using rotary evaporator. The ethanolic extract yielded a dark brown Sticky mass weighing 125g. The ethanolic extract was concentrated by vacuum distillation to dryness; the yield obtained was 12.5% w/w with respect to dried leaf. The preliminary phytochemical screenings of EELLI for its phytochemical constituents were performed using generally accepted laboratory technique for qualitative determinations. Preliminary phytochemical screening of EELLI shows the presence of phytosterols, triterpenoids, flavinoids, lactones, glycosides, fatty acids, phenolic compounds and tannins.
A Compendium of Active Principles/Phytochemicals of Medicinal Plants used in Homoeopathy. Ghaziabad: Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia Laboratory
  • Vikramaditya
Vikramaditya. A Compendium of Active Principles/Phytochemicals of Medicinal Plants used in Homoeopathy. Ghaziabad: Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia Laboratory; Vol. 1.; 2001. p. 63.
Database on Medicinal Plants Used in Ayurveda. Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha. Department of ISM & H, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
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Ghaziabad: The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission
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Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Indian Pharmacopoeia. Vol. 1. Ghaziabad: The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission; 2014. p. 782.
New Delhi: The Controller of Publications
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Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India. Vol. 1. New Delhi: The Controller of Publications; 1971. p. 133.