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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA AGRÍCOLA

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Evaluacíon
Evaluacíon
Evaluacíon
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Del Sistema
Del Sistema
Del Sistema
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D E Riego
D E Riego
D E Riego
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Por Goteo
Por Goteo
Por Goteo
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La presente investigación se fundamenta en la evaluación de los sistemas de riego localizado sobre el crecimiento y producción del cultivo de la quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Fue llevado a cabo durante el periodo de Junio a Octubre del 2014, en los campos experimentales del Programa Nacional de Innovación Agraria en Cultivos PNIA, Distrito de La Molina. Evaluando dos sistemas de riego: goteo (RI) y exudación (RO) en parcelas divididas con cuatro bloques (B1, B2, B3, B4). Las variables en estudio fueron: demanda de agua del cultivo, eficiencia de aplicación, altura de planta, longitud de raíz, biomasa aérea seca, cobertura del canopy (CC), índice de área foliar (IAF), índice de cosecha (IC), rendimiento, unidades de calor (Dº) requeridas para alcanzar cada fase de desarrollo y el análisis financiero Beneficio/Costo (B/C). Una vez concluido el estudio, las variables en estudio alcanzaron los siguientes resultados: volumen total de agua aplicada bajo el sistema de riego por exudación con 1,571.6 m3/ha y por goteo con 1,708.5 m3/ha. La eficiencia de aplicación obtenida fue de 81% para goteo y 78% para exudación. La cobertura del canopy a 80 DDS fue superior (88.5%) por exudación en comparación con el goteo (69.8). El índice de área foliar optimo se tuvo a 73 DDS siendo (2.9) bajo exudación y (2.5) bajo riego por goteo, el índice de cosecha por exudación fue altamente significativo con un valor de (0.5) a diferencia de goteo con (0.3). El sistema de riego por exudación tuvo el mayor rendimiento con 3,519.3 Kg/ha seguido por goteo con 1,587.9 Kg. /ha. La mayor eficiencia en el uso del agua (EUA) fue bajo riego por exudación con 2.2 kg/m3 y la menor en goteo con 0.9 kg/m3. El cultivo de quinua de la variedad Inia 431- Altiplano, requiere en promedio un total de 1178.8 grados dia de calor acumulado que el cultivo requiere para concluir su ciclo. El análisis financiero B/C y rentabilidad determinan que el mejor sistema de riego es exudación con 2.9 B/C y 190 % de rentabilidad y lo secunda el riego por goteo con 2.4 B/C y 186% de rentabilidad. La demanda de agua, la eficiencia de uso de agua, el desarrollo del cultivo y el análisis financiero Beneficio/Costo respondieron positivamente en la producción del cultivo de quinua bajo el sistema de riego por exudación a diferencia del goteo.
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The effect of drip line spacing, irrigation regimes and planting geometries of tomato on yield, irrigation water use efficiency and net return
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2008
  • AGR WATER MANAGE
This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of drip line spacing, irrigation regimes and planting geometries of tomato on yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and net return. The experiments were carried out in the conditions of Eskisehir in Central Anatolian part of Turkey, between 2003 and 2005, with cv. Dual Large F1 tomatoes (Lycopercion esculentum L). The maximum yield of 121.1 t ha−1 was obtained from the treatment in which both the lateral and row spacing were 1 m, and irrigated with water amount based on the percentage of canopy cover. The seasonal irrigation water amount of the treatment was 551 mm. Tomatoes yield of 109.9 t ha−1 was obtained under conditions of 491 mm seasonal irrigation water applied for the 2-m lateral spacing in which two plant rows (twin rows) were planted 0.35 m on either side of the lateral with a row spacing of 0.70 m across the drip lateral and 1.30 m in the interrow between each set of twin rows. Although water saving of 60 mm and investments economy of 40% were provided from the twin-row design, the yearly return of the design including one lateral for each row was US$ 1590 ha−1 higher than that the return of the twin-row design. The method of determination of irrigation water amount based on the percentage of canopy cover appeared to be the most reasonable and effective one in terms of the yield and IWUE. On the other hand, the maximum irrigation water use efficiency (22.3 kg m3) was obtained from 2-m lateral spacing and the percentage of canopy cover for calculation of the amount of irrigation water applied. Thus, canopy cover may be used successfully at any lateral design conditions.
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Trickle Irrigation and Fertilization of Tomatoes in Highly Calcareous Soils1
Article
  • Nov 1980
Large areas of the world consist of marginal desert soils. Introducing these soils to agricultural production requires development of new irrigation and fertilization techniques. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that such soils can be used provided one can control soil water content and nutrient concentration of the soil solution in the root zone by supplying nutrients daily through a trickle irrigation system. Six fertilizer combinations at two irrigation levels were tested on a tomato crop of a determinate type of growth (Lycopersicum esculantum var. S-5), grown on a virgin desert soil containing 85% calcium carbonate and EC of 7 mmho/cm. The highest yield, 80 tons/ha, was obtained with 400 mm water (40% of evaporation from a Class A pan) plus KNO3, superphosphate, and KH2PO4 fertilizers. In the root volume of this treatment the nitrate concentration in the soil solution was about 160 ± 30 ppm NO3-N throughout the season. A total soil water potential of about −2 to −4 bars during the first month of growth resulted in a lower canopy yield but earlier fruit ripening as compared with total water potential of −1 to −2 bars. Please view the pdf by using the Full Text (PDF) link under 'View' to the left. Copyright © . .
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Microirrigation systems. En: Design and operation of farm irrigation systems
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GUROVICH, L. A. (1985). Fundamentos y Diseño de Sistemas de Riego. Ediciones Instituto Iberoamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas; 1ª. Edición, Costa Rica. 433 pp.