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Foldscope based methods to detect in-tissue antioxidant activity and secondary metabolites in pollen and stomata of Lantana camara
Preprints and early-stage research may not have been peer reviewed yet.
Abstract
Foldscope is the ultra-affordable, paper microscope designed to be extremely portable, durable, and to give optical quality similar to conventional research microscopes. However it's potential as in tool in the area of agricultural sciences is still not known. In this study, how foldscope can be used as an efficient tool to detect in-tissue activities of antioxidants and secondary metabolites in invasive alien plant Lantana camara. Foldcsope images revealed viable stained areas in the respective seeds, indicating live activities. Based on data the use of foldscope was recommended.
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Here we describe an ultra-low-cost origami-based approach for large-scale
manufacturing of microscopes, specifically demonstrating brightfield,
darkfield, and fluorescence microscopes. Merging principles of optical design
with origami enables high-volume fabrication of microscopes from 2D media.
Flexure mechanisms created via folding enable a flat compact design. Structural
loops in folded paper provide kinematic constraints as a means for passive
self-alignment. This light, rugged instrument can survive harsh field
conditions while providing a diversity of imaging capabilities, thus serving
wide-ranging applications for cost-effective, portable microscopes in science
and education.
Various abiotic stresses lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants which are highly reactive and toxic and cause damage to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and DNA which ultimately results in oxidative stress. The ROS comprises both free radical (O(2)(-), superoxide radicals; OH, hydroxyl radical; HO(2), perhydroxy radical and RO, alkoxy radicals) and non-radical (molecular) forms (H(2)O(2), hydrogen peroxide and (1)O(2), singlet oxygen). In chloroplasts, photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII) are the major sites for the production of (1)O(2) and O(2)(-). In mitochondria, complex I, ubiquinone and complex III of electron transport chain (ETC) are the major sites for the generation of O(2)(-). The antioxidant defense machinery protects plants against oxidative stress damages. Plants possess very efficient enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; glutathione reductase, GR; monodehydroascorbate reductase, MDHAR; dehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; guaicol peroxidase, GOPX and glutathione-S- transferase, GST) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid, ASH; glutathione, GSH; phenolic compounds, alkaloids, non-protein amino acids and α-tocopherols) antioxidant defense systems which work in concert to control the cascades of uncontrolled oxidation and protect plant cells from oxidative damage by scavenging of ROS. ROS also influence the expression of a number of genes and therefore control the many processes like growth, cell cycle, programmed cell death (PCD), abiotic stress responses, pathogen defense, systemic signaling and development. In this review, we describe the biochemistry of ROS and their production sites, and ROS scavenging antioxidant defense machinery.
Lantana Control Manual: Current Management and Control Options for Lantana (Lantana camara) in Australia
- E Van Oosterhout
Van Oosterhout, E. 2004. Lantana Control Manual:
Current Management and Control Options for
Lantana (Lantana camara) in Australia, Brisbane:
Dep. Nat. Resour., Mines, Energy.