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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FACE SERUM CONTAINING BEE VENOM AND ALOE VERA GEL

Authors:
Smriti Ojha at Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology
Smriti Ojha
Surabhi Sinha at All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Surabhi Sinha
Swadhapriya Das Chaudhuri
Swadhapriya Das Chaudhuri
Swadhapriya Das Chaudhuri
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Hina Chadha at Vshveshwarya group of Institution
Hina Chadha
  • Vshveshwarya group of Institution
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Abstract and Figures

Facial wrinkles and skin aging are undesirable outcome of photodamage and ultraviolet (UV) rays. Currently no effective strategies are available to delay skin aging process. Aloe Vera, glycerin and honeybee venom face serum is a highly concentrated cosmetic product. When using aloe Vera we get not only a quick cosmetic effects but also psychological satisfactions, serum has a property of rapid absorption and ability to penetrate into deeper layer of the skin. Aloe Vera gel is commonly used to treat different skin disease, sun burn, minor cuts, insect bites, and used as wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effect. Bee venom is a defensive toxin produced by bees and is reported to increase blood flow and collagen production. The face serum was evaluated for its physiochemical parameters, pH, globule size, consistency. The stability study results showed that there was no change in visual appearance, homogeneity and globule size.
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www.wjpr.net Vol 8, Issue 2, 2019.
Ojha et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
1100
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FACE SERUM
CONTAINING BEE VENOM AND ALOE VERA GEL
Smriti Ojha*, Surabhi Sinha, Swadhapriya Das Chaudhuri, Hina Chadha, Babita
Aggarwal, Seema Mahor Jain, Ajeet and Meenu
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vishveshwarya Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
(UP), 203207, India.
ABSTRACT
Facial wrinkles and skin aging are undesirable outcome of
photodamage and ultraviolet (UV) rays. Currently no effective
strategies are available to delay skin aging process. Aloe Vera, glycerin
and honeybee venom face serum is a highly concentrated cosmetic
product. When using aloe Vera we get not only a quick cosmetic
effects but also psychological satisfactions, serum has a property of
rapid absorption and ability to penetrate into deeper layer of the skin.
Aloe Vera gel is commonly used to treat different skin disease, sun
burn, minor cuts, insect bites, and used as wound healing, anti-
inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effect. Bee venom is a
defensive toxin produced by bees and is reported to increase blood
flow and collagen production. The face serum was evaluated for its physiochemical
parameters, pH, globule size, consistency. The stability study results showed that there was
no change in visual appearance, homogeneity and globule size.
KEYWORD: Cosmetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, face serum.
INTRODUCTION
Serums is a skin care product containing a gel or lightweight lotion or moisturizing
consistency and have ability to penetrates deeper to deliver active ingredients into the skin. A
good skin Serum may provide your skin a firmer, smoother texture, make pores appear
smaller and increase moisture levels.[1] Whether it is moisturizer, anti-wrinkle or anti-aging
product or skin serum, all these products should contain antioxidants, cell-communicating
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
SJIF Impact Factor 8.074
Volume 8, Issue 2, 1100-1105. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105
*Corresponding Author
Smriti Ojha
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Vishveshwarya
Group of Institutions,
Greater Noida (UP),
203207, India.
Article Received on
02 Dec. 2018,
Revised on 23 Dec. 2018,
Accepted on 14 Jan. 2019
DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20192-14104
www.wjpr.net Vol 8, Issue 2, 2019.
Ojha et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
1101
ingredients and skin-identical ingredients. All skin type needs these ingredients to be as
healthy as possible. Gel and liquids preparations are best for oily and combination skin,
serums and light lotions are best for normal to dry skin, more emollient lotions and
moisturizing creams are best for dry to verydry skin. Texture is all about skin type- but the
brilliant ingredients for healthy skin the same for everyone, regardless of product, texture or
personal preference.[2] Skin is a protective and largest organ of body which is struggling to
heal and repair itself 24 hours, but sometimes skin can develop dry patches for many reasons
like UV rays, pollutants, makeup left on overnight can cause irritation or allergic reactions.
Aloe Vera and bee venom both have an unique anti-aging formulations to maintain healthy
fresh looking skin. These products are useful in various skin conditions like psoriasis,
shingles and other associated with itching, in addition- cuts, abrasions and burns are said to
be benefit from topically applying the leaf’s gel to the affected area.[3-5] The polysaccharides
present in Aloe Vera have excellent moisturizing property and whenmixed with essential oils,
it makes an excellent skin smoothening moisturizer and sun block lotions. Due to its soothing
and cooling qualities Ayurveda recommends Aloe Vera for a number of skin disorders. Aloe
Vera extract have antibacterial and anti-fungal activities, which may help in the treatment of
minor skin infections also.[6]
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Aloe Vera plant, Lyophilized Bee venom and sandal wood oil was purchased from sigma
Aldrich, Glycerin IP. All other chemical used were of suitable analytical grade.
Method of Extraction
Aloe Vera plant was collected from the herbal garden of Vishveshwarya group of Institutions
and identified. Aloe vera gel was collected, homogenized at 1200 rpm under mechanical
homogenizer. The Homogenized gel was further filtered with a vacuum filter to gel a clear
and transparent gel.[7]
Emulsion Preparation
Emulsion (o/w) was prepared as per the formula given below. Oily phase consisting Olive oil,
sandal wool oil, Vitamin E and emulsifiers span 80 and tween 20 was triturated together till
10 minutes to get a homogenous solution. At the same time aqueous phase was prepared by
mixing aloe vera gel, bee venom, glycerine, and small quantity of distilled water
homogeneously. The oily phase was added to aqueous phase drop by drop under mechanical
stirring at 2500 rpm to get a oil in water based biphasic emulsion.
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Ojha et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
1102
Table 1: Formula for face serum.
SL. NO.
INGREDIETS
PERCENTAGE %
1
Lyophilized bee venom
9%
2
Aloe Vera gel
50%
3
Glycerin
25%
4
Span 80
2%
5
Tween 20
1%
4
Sandalwood oil
01%
5
Preservative
0.01%
6
De mineralized water
QS to 100 ml
Characterization of Emulsion and stability studies
Rheological Parameters
Emulsions are non Newtonian system so the viscosity of the formulation was determined by
multipoint viscometer (Brookfield Viscometer) at 100 rpm, some amount of the serum was
taken in a beaker and the spindle was dipped in it for about 5 minutes and then the readings
were noted.[9]
Color and Appearance
The color and appearance of the formulation (aloe Vera face serum) was observed visually
which appeared translucent white in color.[9]
Homogeneity
The formulation prepared had even distribution of the extracts made. The homogeneity of the
preparation was confirmed visually by the absence of any particulate matter and also feeling
the product by touch.[9]
pH of the serum
A pH meter was calibrated using a standard buffer solution. Nearly 1 ml of the serum was
properly weighed and dissolved in 50ml of distilled water and finally its pH was calculated.[9]
Globule size determination
The prepared serum was properly analyzed under microscope to identify and confirm the
globule size. One drop of the serum was placed on a glass slide and was diluted with water, it
was covered with coverslip and was finally observed under microscope to determine globule
size using stage micrometer.
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Ojha et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
1103
Ash Value: Product was taken in a flat –bottom platinum dish and ashing was done at 600 ˚C
in muffle furnace.
Spreadability: Spreadibility denotes the extent of area to which the gel readily spreads on
application to skin or the affected part. The bioavailability efficiency of a cream also depends
on its spreading value.
Stability Studies
The formulation and preparation of any pharmaceutical or cosmetic product is incomplete
without proper stability studies of the prepared formulation. This is done in order to
determine the physical and chemical stability of the prepared product and thus determine the
safety of the product under accelerated conditions, where the product is subjected to elevated
temperatures and moisture as per the ICH guidelines. A short term accelerated stability study
was carried out for the period of 3 months for the prepared formulation. The samples were
stored under the following conditions of temperature as 3-50C, 250C RH=60%, 400C ±2%
RH= 75%. The samples were withdrawn on monthly intervals and were analyzed for various
parameters.[10]
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Aloe Vera face serum formulation was light green viscous liquid preparation with a smooth
homogenous texture and glossy appearance. The formulation was re-dispersed within a
seconds. After use, it felt like emollient, slipperiness and no residues were formed and easy to
wash out.
Physical appearance: Serum formulation was light green in color, viscous liquid preparation
with a smooth homogenous texture and glossy appearance.
pH: The pH of formulation was found 6.2. As the skin having an acidic pH around 4.1-6.7,
this range of formulation is suitable for skin.
Globule size determination: The globule size was found to be in range of 0.1-0.3 µm. This
range of particles enhance the penetration power of the formulation.
Stability studies: The formulation was undertaken stability studies for physical and chemical
change. No considerable variations in properties of the formulation were observed.
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Ojha et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
1104
Table 2: Stability Study obervations.
TEMPERATURE
OBSERVATION (Months)
0
1
2
3
3-5°C
Translucent
White
Translucent
White
Translucent
White
Translucent
White
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Good
Good
Good
Good
Room
Temperature
(25°C RH=60%)
Translucent
White
Translucent
White
Translucent
White
Translucent
White
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Good
Good
Good
Good
40°C±2°C
RH=75%
Translucent
White
Translucent
White
Translucent
White
Translucent
White
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Good
Good
Good
Good
After feel: The serum after distribution amongst individuals and their application, had a
soothing and pleasant effect as informed to us by the individuals, indicating that it had an
emollient and moisturizing action and also it was non-irritating and non-sensitive to the skin.
CONCLUSION
The aim of the study was to formulate different herbals into a serum for moisturizing and
glowing activity on skin. Cosmeceuticals are skin-care products that cater for both cosmetics
and drugs.[11] In this serum aloe Vera was used. The fresh aloe Vera gel from the inner central
part (parenchyma) of the leaf often has a very good action in acne, pimples, eczema and other
skin problems, burns due to heat , sun exposure and in treatment of radiation dermatitis. Aloe
Vera contains number of vitamins and minerals that have a strong moisturizing capacity and
anti-aging effects to maintain healthy and fresh looking skin. The gel stimulates cell growth
and as such enhances the restoring of damaged skin. So this serum can be used treat skin
related problems.
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3. M. Itrat, Zarnigar, Aloe vera a review of its clinical effectiveness, International research
journal of Pharmacy, 2013; 4(8).
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4. S. Ojha, K. Sonkar, M. Pandey, S. Saraf, Aloe vera gel: A potent nutraceutical, Journal of
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11. Lupo MP. Cosmeceutical peptides, Dermatol Surg, 2005; 31(S1): 832–836.
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Full-text available
  • Jan 2023
The growth and demand for cosmeceuticals (cosmetic products that have medicinal or drug-like benefits) have been enhanced for the last few decades. Lately, the newly invented dosage form, i.e., the pharmaceutical-based cosmetic serum has been developed and widely employed in various non-invasive cosmetic procedures. Many pharmaceutical-based cosmetic serums contain natural active components that claim to have a medical or drug-like effect on the skin, hair, and nails, including anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, anti-acne, hydrating, moisturizing, repairing, brightening and lightening skin, anti-hair fall, anti-fungal, and nail growth effect, etc. In comparison with other pharmaceutical-related cosmetic products (creams, gels, foams, and lotions, etc.), pharmaceutical-based cosmetic serums produce more rapid and incredible effects on the skin. This chapter provides detailed knowledge about the different marketed pharmaceutical-based cosmetic serums and their several types such as facial serums, hair serums, nail serums, under the eye serum, lip serum, hand, and foot serum, respectively. Moreover, some valuable procedures have also been discussed which provide prolong effects with desired results in the minimum duration of time after the few sessions of the serum treatment.
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Antioxidant activity of Robusta coffee peel extract (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) and its formulation as a face serum gel
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2024
The utilization of coffee peel becomes crucial in the coffee manufacturing process since the amount of coffee peel waste produced is proportional to the amount of coffee harvested. The ethanolic extract of Robusta coffee peel contains polyphenolic, which known as natural antioxidants. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity of Robusta coffee peels by the DPPH radical scavenging assay, and their formulation into a face serum gel were carried out. Phytochemical screening showed that Robusta coffee peel extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids. The antioxidant activity of Robusta coffee peel extract gave an IC 50 value 27.9657 µg/mL, which is considered to have very significant antioxidant activity. Formulas I and II of the serum gel formulation contain 0.006% and 0.009% of the Robusta coffee peel extract, respectively. The organoleptic, viscosity, pH, spreadability, adhesion, and stability tests have met all of the parameters. The serum gel passed the preparation’s irritation test without showing any signs of irritation. The antioxidant activity of face serum gel gave an IC 50 value of 56.2754 µg/mL in formula I, which was categorized as having strong antioxidant activity, and 30.3451 µg/mL in formula II, which was categorized as having very strong antioxidant activity. In summary, Robusta coffee peel extract has the potential to be a natural antioxidant and might be made into a face serum gel preparation.
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FORMULASI DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN SERUM ANTIJERAWAT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum x africanum Lour.)
Article
  • Dec 2021
Kemangi (Ocimum x africanum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki senyawa antibakteri mampu menghambat penyumbatan bahan keratin pada lapisan pilosebaseus yang dipicu oleh bakteri jerawat yaitu Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak etanol daun kemangi menjadi sediaan serum antijerawat dan uji evaluasi fisik yang meliputi uji organoleptik, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, homogenitas serta uji aktivitas antibakteri pada sediaan serum antijerawat dengan variasi konsentrasi F1 (1,25%), F2 (2,5%) dan F3 (5%). Uji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan serum antijerawat dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan cara sumuran. Hasil penelitian pada sediaan serum antijerawat ekstrak etanol daun kemangi memiliki nilai F1= 10,2 mm F2= 14,4 mm dan F3= 17,4 mm. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan serum antijerawat yang memenuhi persyaratan sifat fisik dan yang memiliki efektivitas antibakteri yang terbaik adalah F3 (5%) memiliki warna hijau bau khas kemangi dan tekstur liquid dengan nilai pH= 5,04, viskositas= 1996, daya sebar= 5,3 dan homogen dengan zona hambat sebesar 17,4 mm yang menunjukan bahwa sediaan serum antijerawat ekstrak etanol daun kemangi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri termasuk kedalam zona hambat kuat.
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Production and Characterization of Cosmetic Nanoemulsions Containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill Extract as Moisturizing Agent
Article
Full-text available
This study aimed to produce and characterize an oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsion containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill hydroglycolic extract, as well as evaluate its preliminary and accelerated thermal stability and moisturizing efficacy. The formulations containing 0.5% of xanthan gum (FX) and 0.5% of xanthan gum and 1% of Opuntia ficus-indica MILL extract (FXE) were white, homogeneus and fluid in aspect. Both formulations were stable during preliminary and accelerated stability tests. FX and FXE presented a pH compatible to skin pH (4.5-6.0); droplet size varying from 92.2 to 233.6 nm; a polydispersion index (PDI) around 0.200 and a zeta potential from -26.71 to -47.01 mV. FXE was able to increase the water content of the stratum corneum for 5 h after application on the forearm. The O/W nanoemulsions containing 1% of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill extract presented suitable stability for at least for 60 days. Besides, this formulation was able to increase the water content of stratum corneum, showing its moisturizing efficacy.
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ALOE VERA: A REVIEW OF ITS CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2013
Aloe vera has been used for over five thousand years. Throughout history, it has been considered a magical plant, almost a panacea, capable of remedying many of mankind’s ailments. It is only in the last 20 years, after a series of proven research, that we can highlight the characteristics of this plant, whose secrets have been hidden behind a blanket of botanical and pharmacological puzzles that only today begin to yield some answers. The Aloe vera plant and its clinical uses are briefly reviewed in this article.
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Effect of platelet-rich plasma on ultraviolet b-induced skin wrinkles in nude mice
Article
  • Sep 2010
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is researched and used in many clinical fields as it contains an abundance of various growth factors. Recently, a topical injection of PRP has been clinically tried for treatment of photoageing-related skin wrinkles. Nevertheless, there have been only a few studies including objective data or explaining the mechanisms of PRP. Therefore, the authors performed animal experiments to collect laboratory data and to infer the basal mechanism of the effect of PRP on skin rejuvenation. Mice photoaged by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation for 8 weeks were divided into three groups (no-treatment group, saline injected group and PRP-injected group) with 10 mice in each group. After 4 weeks, the degree of wrinkle formation was compared among three groups by replica analysis, and skin biopsies were performed. An additional in vitro assay with growth-factor-neutralising antibodies was performed to evaluate whether growth factors contained in PRP could accelerate fibroblast proliferation and collagen production, which may play a major role in skin rejuvenation. The wrinkles in the PRP-injected group were significantly reduced than in the other groups. Biopsy results indicated that the dermal layer was remarkably thicker in the PRP-injection group. In in vitro assay, fibroblast proliferation and collagen production were increased in the experimental group through growth factors in the PRP. Although more in vivo studies and research about the mechanism of PRP are required, the results of this study indicate that PRP is effective in the rejuvenation of photoaged skin.
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Cosmeceutical Peptides
Article
  • Aug 2005
Cosmeceuticals are skin care products that lie in a gray area between cosmetics and drugs. The desire for the improvement of aging skin has resulted in a plethora of products designed to improve the appearance beyond the simple camouflage of cosmetics. Many ingredients have been added to these products based on theoretical benefits discovered from in vitro studies on wound healing and other metabolic processes. To help the practicing dermatologist who is often the source of information for patients regarding the benefits of available cosmeceuticals. This article is a compilation of published studies on the effects and the practical applications of peptides as topical agents for skin improvement. There does seem to be science that shows that these peptide cosmeceuticals have the potential to improve the appearance of aging skin. It is important to remember, however, that for benefit to be realized, the final product must be stable in formula, absorbed into the skin, and biologically active at the target for clinical benefit. This article will provide dermatologists with more background to answer pressing questions from patients on this subject.
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United State book trade publisher group, west 1700 fourth street Berkeley
  • Jan 2009
  • 113
  • P Begoun
Begoun P, The original beauti bible (skincare facts for ageless beauty), United State book trade publisher group, west 1700 fourth street Berkeley, California. Edition 1 st, 2009; 113.
Aloe vera gel: A potent nutraceutical
  • Jan 2011
  • 36-39
  • S Ojha
  • K Sonkar
  • M Pandey
  • S Saraf
S. Ojha, K. Sonkar, M. Pandey, S. Saraf, Aloe vera gel: A potent nutraceutical, Journal of natural pharmaceuticals, 2011; 2(1): 36-39.
Aloe vera and its therapeutic efficacy, Asian journal of Pharmacy and life science
  • Jan 2011
  • 195-205
  • S Agarwal
  • T R Sharma
Agarwal S, Sharma TR, Aloe vera and its therapeutic efficacy, Asian journal of Pharmacy and life science, 2011; 1(2): 195-205.
Aloe vera for human nutrition, health and cosmetic use, International research journal of plant science
  • Jan 2012
  • 38-46
  • Urvasi Bhardwaj
Urvasi N and Bhardwaj R.L, Aloe vera for human nutrition, health and cosmetic use, International research journal of plant science, 2012; 3(3): 38-46.
Effect of cosmetics containing purified honey bee
  • Jan 2013
  • 320-326
  • S M Han
  • K G Lee
  • S C Pak
Han SM, Lee KG, Pak SC, Effect of cosmetics containing purified honey bee, J Integr Med, 2013; 11(5): 320-6.