Shaping the Future of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Abstract
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is changing everything - from the way we relate to each other, to the work we do, the way our economies work, and what it means to be human. We cannot let the brave new world that technology is currently creating simply emerge. All of us need to help shape the future we want to live in. But what do we need to know and do to achieve this?
In Shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Klaus Schwab and Nicholas Davis explore how people from all backgrounds and sectors can influence the way that technology transforms our world. Drawing on contributions by more than 200 of the world's leading technology, economic and sociological experts to present a practical guide for citizens, business leaders, social influencers and policy-makers this book outlines the most important dynamics of the technology revolution, highlights important stakeholders that are often overlooked in our discussion of the latest scientific breakthroughs, and explores 12 different technology areas central to the future of humanity.
Emerging technologies are not predetermined forces out of our control, nor are they simple tools with known impacts and consequences. The exciting capabilities provided by artificial intelligence, distributed ledger systems and cryptocurrencies, advanced materials and biotechnologies are already transforming society. The actions we take today - and those we don't - will quickly become embedded in ever-more powerful technologies that surround us and will, very soon, become an integral part of us.
By connecting the dots across a range of often-misunderstood technologies, and by exploring the practical steps that individuals, businesses and governments can take, Shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution helps equip readers to shape a truly desirable future at a time of great uncertainty and change.
... Nevertheless, the adoption of digital strategies is not without challenges. Issues such as cybersecurity threats, data privacy regulations, technological complexity, and skills shortages can hinder the effective implementation of e-business initiatives [7]. Additionally, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) often face constraints in terms of resources and expertise, which limit their capacity to fully leverage digital tools [8]. ...
... Data from the selected studies were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, which involves identifying patterns, themes, and relationships among concepts [7]. Emphasis was placed on highlighting recurring models, empirical findings, and conceptual frameworks that contribute to the understanding of how digital strategies are implemented and evaluated. ...
... Cybersecurity, digital trust, and data privacy are increasingly important concerns. As businesses collect more customer data, they face growing scrutiny over how that data is stored and used [7]. Compliance with regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU and similar frameworks globally has become a strategic necessity. ...
The rapid growth of digital technology has transformed the landscape of business operations. E-business strategies and digital marketing practices have become essential for achieving competitiveness, customer engagement, and market expansion. This literature review aims to explore and analyze the key components, trends, and implications of e-business strategies and digital marketing practices. By synthesizing findings from various academic sources, this study identifies common themes and emerging innovations in the field. The results show that successful e-business strategies are built on agility, customer-centricity, and data-driven decision-making, while digital marketing is increasingly personalized and omnichannel in nature. The review contributes to the understanding of how businesses adapt their models in the digital economy.
... These data can then be processed and analyzed by AI algorithms to optimize supply chain processes so that businesses can meet customer orders while minimizing surplus goods and lowering costs. Integrating AI with IoT and other advanced technologies provides businesses with an end-to-end, data-driven management decision-making approach that is superior to traditional business models [17]. ...
... Industry 4.0 is a term that describes the fourth industrial revolution, which is a tipping point where physical and digital technologies converge. It is a revolutionary transformation that is triggered by the amalgamation of smart systems, IoT, robotics, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence in industries such as manufacturing, logistics, and healthcare [17]. The interrelated nature of these technologies has radically reengineered the environment of industrial activity, providing companies with unparalleled opportunities to drive efficiency, foster innovation, and boost competitiveness. ...
The integration of AI into management decision-making is transforming businesses in the era of Industry 4.0, driven by technologies like IoT, big data, and cloud computing. This study aims to explore the role of AI in enhancing operational efficiency, reducing costs, and fostering innovation in management practices. The working method involves a review of current literature to assess AI's capabilities, benefits, and associated challenges. AI supports faster, data-driven decisions, improving operational performance and allowing for more strategic, creative work. It aids in risk management, supply chain optimization, and identifying market opportunities. However, AI integration presents challenges, such as implementation complexity, expertise needs, data privacy concerns, and the potential impact on jobs. Ethical issues, including accountability and transparency, are crucial for maintaining trust. Despite these challenges, the study concludes that AI's role in reshaping decision-making offers significant potential for businesses to gain a competitive edge and adapt to changing market dynamics.
... La desinformación siempre ha existido, pero con la irrupción de una nueva era digital lo novedoso es la velocidad con que circula, la opacidad de los mecanismos que la distribuyen, la infraestructura tecnológica que se pone a su servicio y los enormes vacíos legales en los cuales se ampara (Presily, 2017). Los impactos del cambio tecnológico en esta era digital operan a todo nivel y debemos estar preparados para nuevos efectos y externalidades, especialmente porque la interacción entre el mundo virtual y el mundo físico es una realidad que ha llegado para quedarse (Schwab, 2016). ...
En todo el mundo, los sistemas democráticos enfrentan un cambio radical en las formas de ejercer la ciudadanía. Esto se explica a través del cambio tecnológico y, principalmente, de la emergencia de un nuevo espacio público virtual en el que las reglas de juego son completamente distintas. A partir del término capitalismo de vigilancia, el presente trabajo pretende llamar la atención sobre las amenazas y los desafíos que presenta el cambio tecnológico, al tiempo que proponer un abordaje desde el sistema educativo, integrando la alfabetización mediática e informacional como elemento de formación cívica para el ejercicio de los derechos y las libertades en el nuevo espacio virtual.
... Di sisi lain, Revolusi Industri 4.0 yang ditandai dengan kemajuan pesat teknologi digital seperti Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data Analytics, dan Cloud Computing, telah mentransformasi lanskap operasional perbankan secara fundamental (Schwab, 2017;Omarini, 2018 (Renwick et al., 2013;Opatha & Arulrajah, 2014). Dengan mengintegrasikan GHRM dan kapabilitas Industri 4.0, sektor perbankan Indonesia memiliki peluang unik untuk mengakselerasi pencapaian target keberlanjutannya. ...
Keberlanjutan telah menjadi agenda krusial bagi sektor perbankan
Indonesia di tengah dinamika ekonomi global dan tuntutan tanggung
jawab lingkungan serta sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis
secara konseptual bagaimana integrasi Green Human Resource Management
(GHRM) dan teknologi Industri 4.0 dapat secara sinergis mendorong
keberlanjutan sektor perbankan di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang
digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menganalisis berbagai sumber
ilmiah terkait GHRM, Industri 4.0, dan praktik keberlanjutan di
perbankan. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa teknologi Industri 4.0
seperti Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Analytics, Internet of Things, dan Cloud
Computing mampu mengoptimalkan implementasi praktik-praktik
GHRM, meliputi rekrutmen hijau digital, pelatihan virtual kesadaran
lingkungan, manajemen kinerja hijau berbasis data, sistem kompensasi
yang mengakomodasi kontribusi lingkungan, serta peningkatan
keterlibatan karyawan dalam inisiatif keberlanjutan. Integrasi ini
berpeluang meningkatkan efisiensi sumber daya, mengurangi jejak
karbon, memperkuat budaya organisasi hijau, meningkatkan reputasi
bank, dan mendukung inovasi produk keuangan berkelanjutan. Meskipun
demikian, tantangan seperti biaya investasi awal, kebutuhan kompetensi
SDM, resistensi perubahan, dan isu keamanan data perlu dimitigasi.
Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sinergi strategis antara GHRM dan
Industri 4.0 memiliki potensi signifikan untuk mengakselerasi pencapaian
tujuan keberlanjutan (lingkungan, sosial, dan tata kelola) di sektor
perbankan Indonesia, dan merekomendasikan penelitian empiris lebih
lanjut untuk validasi model serta identifikasi praktik terbaik di konteks
nasional.
... New technologies give rise to newer, more efficient ones. The connection of technology with the economy, business, society, and the lives of individuals changes not only "what" things we do and "how" we do them, but also "who" we are (Schwab, 2017). The development of technology is at the heart of cultural change and, at the same time, it is the fundamental cause of intergenerational differences (Twenge, 2023). ...
The adaptation of new technologies in life and work is one of the factors determining the need for lifelong learning. This article presents the results of a study of positive orientation and technology readiness of representatives of generations Z, Y and X (916 respondents) and the relationship between the variables explored. A quantitative method was used to carry out the study. It turns out that generation Y is the most willing to adopt new technologies, while generation X is rather distanced from them. Positive orientation is highest in the oldest generation and lowest in the youngest. The article addresses the current issue of human-technology collaboration and its conclusions relate primarily to the experiences of generation Z.
... Negli ultimi dieci anni sono emersi sempre più nitidamente i contorni di una quarta rivoluzione industriale (Schwab, 2017), identificata anche come industry 4.0 o, con un termine più generale, transizione digitale. Questa rivoluzione, più ancora di quella che l'ha preceduta, porta con sé grandi minacce e grandi opportunità, e una selezione conseguente tra chi vince e chi perde dentro la transizione (Rullani, Rullani, 2018). ...
Come ha dimostrato un’ampia letteratura (italiana e internazionale), la variabile “distretto industriale” o “cluster” (industrial/geographical cluster) ha svolto un ruolo di notevole importanza come fattore capace di influire sulla performance competitiva e innovativa delle imprese localizzate in sistemi di questo tipo. Il nostro paese ha rappresentato un contesto elettivo per lo studio dei distretti industriali per almeno due motivi: ce ne sono molti (in termini assoluti e relativi); è stato un economista italiano “eterodosso”, Giacomo Becattini, a “riscoprirli” dopo il lungo oblio seguito alle osservazioni condotte nel XIX secolo da Alfred Marshall in Inghilterra.
A fronte di queste premesse, si è formato un filone di ricerca empirica e teorica condotta da studiosi italiani sui distretti del loro paese, e una vasta mole di pubblicazioni in lingua italiana o in riviste/libri internazionali. Nell’ambito di questo filone, gli studiosi di management hanno apportato un loro specifico e rilevante contributo, segnalando l’importanza del livello di analisi rappresentato dall’impresa non in alternativa, ma a integrazione della prospettiva sistemica. Sotto questo profilo, si può certo affermare che i distretti hanno rappresentato un terreno di ricerca su cui si è sviluppato (a differenza di altre tematiche) un fertile confronto tra studiosi di management ed economisti (industriali o territoriali) e sono stati prodotti
diversi lavori congiunti.
Dopo avere chiarito il contesto di analisi (Sezione 1), il presente saggio si sofferma sulla prospettiva aziendale nella lettura dei distretti industriali italiani come proposta in alcuni contributi seminali apparsi nel corso degli anni ’90 (Sezione 2), per poi focalizzarsi suglistudi in cui i processi innovativi delle imprese distrettuali risultano centrali o comunque importanti nell’analisi svolta (Sezione 3).
... In recent decades, technological advances have significantly transformed various sectors of the economy including electronics, information and communication technologies, new materials, and modeling (Schwab, 2017). The agricultural sector, driven by the need to increase productivity, reduce environmental impacts, and adapt to climate change, has adopted many technological innovations (Hrustek, 2020;Dayıoğlu et al., 2021;Balyan et al., 2024), leading to the emergence of Precision Agriculture. ...
Background
In recent decades, technological advances have significantly transformed various sectors of the economy, including agriculture. Precision agriculture, as a multidisciplinary and integrative approach, relies on the convergence of diverse technologies to optimize decision-making and enhance productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. In these evolving and complex technological landscapes, patents play a pivotal role, both as a precursor to technological advances and as a critical infrastructure for protecting and advancing innovation progress. The aim of this review is to analyze the evolution of all agricultural technologies, with a focus on precision agriculture, and to compare the position and evolution of each category over time.
Methods
We review US patents granted from 2014 to 2024 to identify trends in agricultural technology, with a particular focus on their relevance to precision agriculture. Using a framework adapted from Moreno et al. (2024), we classify patents into eight agricultural technology categories: Automation, Control & Robotics; Bioengineering & Biotechnology; Computing & Cloud Technology; Data Acquisition & Communication; Data Science & Artificial Intelligence; Information Systems; Manufacturing Technologies & Equipment; and Resource-related Technologies.
Results
The prevailing categories were Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Manufacturing Technologies & Equipment, and Automation, Control & Robotics. The first two outrank Automation, Control & Robotics in terms of number of patents, but their number of patents declined in the last year, while Automation, Control & Robotics shows a slight but steady growth. A relatively low frequency of patent submission in Data Acquisition & Communication, Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, Computing & Cloud Technology, and Information Systems, underscores the untapped potential for digital transformation in precision agriculture. These technologies are essential for real-time monitoring, advanced data analytics and decision support systems, and are fundamental to precision agriculture. However, it is worth noting that Data Science & Artificial Intelligence has experienced steady growth over the past four years.
Conclusions
The interrelated nature of these technology categories highlights the need for an integrated approach to innovation, where advances in one area can synergistically enhance others. This study provides valuable insights for policy makers, researchers and industry stakeholders, and highlights the critical role of precision agriculture in addressing global agricultural challenges.
... percepatan fisik, digital, dan biologis, didorong oleh teknologi seperti kecerdasan buatan, Internet of Things, bioteknologi, dan nanoteknologi (Schwab, 2017). Transformasi ini bukan hanya teknologi; ini sangat bersifat sosial, memunculkan konsep Masyarakat 5.0, sebuah visi yang diperjuangkan oleh Jepang dan semakin diterima secara global (Garvey, 2019). ...
Peter M. Blau's social exchange theory remains strikingly relevant for understanding social interactions in Society 5.0, a digitally driven era where core concepts like rewards, costs, profit, and power are amplified and redefined online. This analysis demonstrates the theory's enduring power to illuminate digital phenomena such as e-commerce, the sharing economy, online labor markets, and social media dynamics, revealing user motivations and platform behaviors through an economic lens. While requiring adaptations to incorporate algorithmic mediation, expanded digital resources, and ethical concerns inherent in hyper-connected digital exchanges, Blau's framework provides a vital and insightful lens for navigating both the opportunities and challenges of social life in Society 5.0, offering a robust foundation for analyzing the complex interplay of social and economic forces shaping this new societal paradigm.
... The 4.0 revolution was initiated and officially announced in 2016 as a revolution in smart manufacturing, based on the achievements of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, biotechnology and nanotechnology (Klaus, S., 2016) and is predicted to completely change the way people live, work and interact with each other (Phuong, L.Q., 2017). This change is specifically explained as: Mass production instead of singlepiece production, meeting customer needs in both form and quality, at the lowest cost; the internet connection system helps manufacturers and customers connect and interact with each other on a large scale and scope, with flexibility to satisfy the needs of both sides; artificial intelligence is used to replace direct human labor, both reducing production costs and increasing labor productivit. ...
The development trend of the fourth industrial revolution (revolution 4.0) poses new requirements for human resources, requiring innovation in human resource management of each organization. In that context, countries and organizations consider the issue of human resources and talent as an important strategy and policy for competition and development. Vietnam is no exception, which has always attached importance to the issue of talent development, and is currently very interested in developing talented civil servants for the public service, serving the people. However, this is a complex issue because there are still many scientific debates, there is no consensus on the content and quantification of talented civil servant standards; on the other hand, this issue is also affected by many factors, including political, legal factors and social change trends. In this article, the author approaches the issue of developing talented civil servants in the context of the 4.0 revolution, mainly through analysis and synthesis of secondary documents. The research content demonstrates a scientific perspective on talented civil servants; analyzes the characteristics and requirements of the 4.0 revolution for civil servants and develops talented civil servants in Vietnam.
... Post the proliferation of the fourth industrial revolution, we forecast the global system will represent a reoriented globalized capitalism. However, this phase of capitalism will have differing dominant players and a distinct global "geometry" from its predecessor (Schwab, 2016). Yet, this "post-globalization" era remains shrouded in uncertainty, predominantly characterized by unresolved dialectical tensions awaiting synthesis. ...
This integrative review examines the evolving landscape of globalization, aiming to understand the possible paths of the emerging global order. In a world marked by historical shifts, the research identifies three main paths: New Nation-Centric Fragmentation, New Multipolarity, and New Realistic and Innovative Global Liberalism. The last path looks most promising yet, regrettably, that prospect is fading as a driving force in today’s landscape—despite its promise of solid geopolitical stability, brisk economic growth, and vigorous technological progress. Recent global shifts, however, make such an outcome look increasingly remote.
... Dentro desse contexto, a chamada 4ª Revolução Industrial tem sido o foco de análise de diversos pesquisadores (SCHWAB, 2017;KIM, 2018). Descrita em 2016 por Klaus Schwab, fundador do European Symposium of Management, precursor do World Economic Forum, a 4ª Revolução Industrial refere-se ao contexto no qual o mundo desconectado (offline) passa a interagir direta e constantemente com o mundo conectado (online). ...
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar as implicações que a introdução de tecnologias de Inteligência Artificial (IA) tem gerado para os cursos da Educação a Distância (EAD) no Brasil. Para isso, foram estruturados três artigos que abordam o fenômeno investigado a partir de diferentes perspectivas. No primeiro artigo, foi conduzida uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) a partir de 63 teses e dissertações defendidas em programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu do país, objetivando analisar o atual estágio da produção acadêmica nacional sobre o assunto. No segundo artigo, foi realizada uma análise documental com 111 relatórios divulgados pelos conglomerados educacionais brasileiros de capital aberto na Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão – [B]³, tendo como intuito analisar de que forma o setor educacional privado brasileiro tem utilizado as tecnologias pautadas em IA no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, especialmente, no contexto da EAD. Por fim, no terceiro e último artigo conduzido pela pesquisa foi realizada uma survey com 206 professores e tutores atuantes na EAD em diferentes regiões do país, buscando mensurar o nível de aceitação da IA desses profissionais e identificar seus fatores explicativos. Os principais resultados obtidos sinalizam que a introdução de ferramentas de IA na EAD brasileira já é uma realidade. As evidências do primeiro estudo indicam, contudo, que a pesquisa acadêmica da área da Educação ainda se mostra distante do assunto, tendo em vista o baixo desenvolvimento de teses
e dissertações sobre o tema nesse campo do conhecimento. No segundo estudo, em especial, foi possível constatar que a transformação tecnológica pautada pela digitalização e plataformização da educação brasileira tem se mostrado uma tendência entre as principais companhias do mercado educacional privado do país. Apesar disso, a condução da survey junto aos docentes e tutores atuantes na EAD no terceiro artigo sinaliza que as tecnologias de maior complexidade, ou seja, aquelas que realizam a automação das principais atividades acadêmicas, ainda não estão totalmente inseridas nas instituições que ofertam cursos na EAD. Contudo, as tendências observadas para o mercado privado, como as aquisições de EdTechs pelos principais conglomerados educacionais listados na [B]³, indicam que tem sido direcionados recursos econômicos para que a transformação tecnológica relacionada com a Indústria 4.0 seja incorporada ao sistema educacional brasileiro, o
que guarda uma relação direta com a necessidade dessas companhias apresentarem lucratividade no mercado financeiro. Além disso, os resultados das análises quantitativas realizadas para o terceiro artigo permitiram identificar, ainda, que os professores e tutores que formaram a amostra do estudo apresentam bons níveis de aceitação tecnológica geral e, de forma mais específica, da IA aplicada à EAD. Não obstante, os feedbacks apresentados por esses profissionais para as questões dissertativas apresentadas no instrumento de coleta de dados deixam clara a percepção de limitações das tecnologias utilizadas atualmente no contexto da EAD, assim como ressaltam a importância do contato humano para a condução do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. De uma forma geral, portanto, os resultados apresentados pelo estudo permitem compreender, a partir de múltiplas perspectivas, as implicações que a IA apresenta para a EAD no Brasil. Nesse sentido, os achados da investigação mostram-se úteis para se (re)pensar as políticas educacionais brasileiras e, em especial, aquelas voltadas para a modalidade a distância, com o intuito de antever os impactos que as novas ferramentas tecnológicas irão gerar para o setor. Adicionalmente, mostra-se urgente
a necessidade de o campo acadêmico da Educação envidar ainda mais esforços para a condução de investigações sobre o fenômeno aqui abordado, de forma a acompanhar as mudanças da utilização das novas tecnologias educacionais para a formação humana no país.
... The adoption of AI-powered robots in manufacturing reflects the penetration of AI technologies within the industrial sector, serving as a tangible indicator of a region's AI capability (Kastelli et al., 2024). The utilization of AIdriven robotics is a cornerstone of Industry 4.0, characterized by the convergence of digital technologies, cyber-physical systems, and intelligent automation (Lasi et al., 2014;Schwab, 2017). Evaluating robot density allows researchers to assess the progress of modern manufacturing practices within a region, capturing the extent to which industries are embracing advanced technologies to enhance productivity and innovation (Graetz & Michaels, 2018). ...
Green innovation is essential for sustainable development worldwide. This study investigates how university engagement, coupled with the Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities of industrial actors, enhances regional green innovation performance within the framework of Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) theory. Using a longitudinal dataset of 31 Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2019 and employing a dynamic panel analysis with the GMM estimator, the results show that university embeddedness in regional innovation networks significantly increases green innovation performance. Contrary to previous studies, our research shows that within RIS, absorptive capacity plays a more critical role than AI in enhancing the effectiveness of knowledge transfer and exploitation, highlighting the primacy of human and organisational factors over technological tools alone. This research advances RIS theory by highlighting the critical role of university-embedded networks and systemic interactions among heterogeneous actors, demonstrating higher-order returns from knowledge exchange beyond dyadic partnerships, and enriching the understanding of the integration of AI into RIS frameworks.
... En este marco de crisis y recomposición en el oligopolio mundial de la MA, este capítulo busca analizar el actual proceso de convergencia entre la industria de MA y las nuevas tecnologías digitales. La convergencia entre las trayectorias tecnológicas de la MA y las tecnologías digitales ha abierto un gran campo de difusión de la IA, la robótica, la impresión 3D y el IoT, que combinados con nano y biotecnologías vienen a definir lo que ciertos autores y organizaciones vinculadas a la cúpula de los grandes capitales globales han popularizado como la cuarta revolución industrial (Schwab, 2017). Si bien es importante señalar que dicha denominación posee una mayor carga simbólica que histórica, es innegable que constituye una nueva fase en la difusión del PTE de las TIC con implicancias mayores sobre la competencia. 1 Apoyada en la reducción sensible de los costos de los microprocesadores, sensores y el desarrollo de la infraestructura digital de internet, esta nueva fase de consolidación de las TIC posibilitaría la difusión hacia los procesos productivos a partir de la convergencia tecnológica con la metalmecánica. ...
... En este marco de crisis y recomposición en el oligopolio mundial de la MA, este capítulo busca analizar el actual proceso de convergencia entre la industria de MA y las nuevas tecnologías digitales. La convergencia entre las trayectorias tecnológicas de la MA y las tecnologías digitales ha abierto un gran campo de difusión de la IA, la robótica, la impresión 3D y el IoT, que combinados con nano y biotecnologías vienen a definir lo que ciertos autores y organizaciones vinculadas a la cúpula de los grandes capitales globales han popularizado como la cuarta revolución industrial (Schwab, 2017). Si bien es importante señalar que dicha denominación posee una mayor carga simbólica que histórica, es innegable que constituye una nueva fase en la difusión del PTE de las TIC con implicancias mayores sobre la competencia. 1 Apoyada en la reducción sensible de los costos de los microprocesadores, sensores y el desarrollo de la infraestructura digital de internet, esta nueva fase de consolidación de las TIC posibilitaría la difusión hacia los procesos productivos a partir de la convergencia tecnológica con la metalmecánica. ...
... Thus, at present, the global industry is on the threshold of the fourth technological revolution. In the long term, in terms of its scale, depth and complexity, this technological transformation may turn out to be completely unlike anything humanity has ever experienced before, and it is still unknown how it will unfold in the future (Schwab, 2017). ...
The article raises the problem of neo-industrial diversification of Saudi Arabia using the institutional mechanism of engineering istisna. The article shows that Saudi Arabia has all the objective and subjective conditions for the successful creation of a neo-industrial model of the information society in the process of the fourth industrial revolution. A balanced institutional approach is used to analyze this problem, which assumes the unity and interrelation of institutional and technological changes in the process of neo-industrial diversification in Saudi Arabia. The authors conclude that the institute of engineering istisna will allow Saudi Arabia to organize the creation of "smart", automated neo-industrial enterprises by orders of private investors. Thanks to this institutional mechanism, Saudi Arabia in the historical perspective can become the world leader in the controlled process of the fourth industrial revolution, just as England became the leader of the spontaneous process of the first industrial revolution more than two hundred years ago.
... These methodologies allow an efficient response to current market demands, characterised by high variability and a growing demand for customisation. Among these, artificial intelligence, advanced automation, and intelligent manufacturing stand out for their ability to drive adaptation to a constantly changing market [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. ...
Recent advances in visual programming tools for algorithmic modelling have significantly expanded the possibilities for designing industrial products. This study analyses the capacity and adaptability of Grasshopper, a graphical algorithm editor integrated with Rhinoceros 3D, as a parametric design tool in the development of product platforms. Three case studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of parameter configuration in product families: perfume bottles, outdoor furniture, and desk organisers. The analysis provided insight into the ability of Grasshopper to (1) automate the generation of product variants within platforms; (2) enable the flexible creation of scalable, customised design alternatives; and (3) improve efficiency in the platform design process in terms of time and technical resources. The results show that Grasshopper provides strong capabilities for customising geometric parameters compared to traditional modelling in Rhinoceros 3D. However, its adaptability is more limited when customisation involves interdependent parameters, such as those related to ergonomics or usability, due to the difficulty of translating these requirements into algorithmic structures. In addition, the initial definition of parameters and constraints may restrict modifications in later design phases. These findings underline the need for algorithm models that support iterative adjustments and flexible reconfiguration throughout all phases of the design process.
... The concept of the fourth industrial revolution, introduced by Klaus Schwab [2], founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, captures the rapid evolution of the digital era that has been unfolding since the mid-20th century. This transformation is distinguished by the convergence of physical, digital, and biological systems [3]. Within the broad array of technological innovations associated with this revolution-such as 3D printing, quantum computing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, and alternative energy technologies [4]-artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a particularly significant and disruptive force, drawing widespread attention across the media, academia, and industry. ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) broadly refers to a variety of computational methods capable of imitating human decisionmaking and operational behaviors with such sophistication that they are often perceived as intelligent, particularly in their ability to rapidly process vast datasets. Given its transformative potential, AI is increasingly being adopted across organizational domains, notably within human resources (HR) management, where it plays a growing role in recruitment and
selection processes. Technologies such as big data algorithms have significantly extended the reach and efficiency of candidate identification. Yet, despite these advances, important concerns remain, particularly regarding ethical implications
and the perceptions of those engaging with AI-driven systems—recruiters, hiring managers, and candidates alike. These
unresolved issues underscore the necessity for more rigorous empirical research and systematic reviews. Within this
framework, the present study critically examines the application of AI in HR recruitment and selection, highlighting prevailing challenges and forecasting future developments based on existing scholarly literature.
... Teknologi-teknologi ini membantu pabrik dan perusahaan untuk menjadi lebih efisien, terhubung, dan fleksibel dalam proses produksinya. Dalam konteks ini, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) memainkan peran utama dalam mengendalikan berbagai mesin dan proses otomatis, dari pengendalian conveyor hingga sistem robotik(Schwab, 2016). Selain itu, sistem Pick and Place berbasis CNC (Computer Numerical Control) semakin banyak digunakan dalam industri untuk 2795 meningkatkan efisiensi dan akurasi dalam proses pemindahan objek secara otomatis. ...
This study is motivated by the need to evaluate the validity and reliability of the automated control program in the CNC Pick and Place system on the Smart Manufacturing Industry 4.0 (SMI) T201 Trainer to ensure precise and efficient performance in the context of industrial automation. A quantitative experimental method was employed, involving stepwise testing of the system's main components, namely the suck pump, X- and Y-axis servo motors, and pneumatic cylinder. Data were collected from 15 trials, documented in video format, and analyzed quantitatively based on operational time and accuracy. The control logic was developed using flowcharts and state diagrams in the TIA Portal software, with performance standards referencing the ability to place 100 SMD components per hour. Instrument validity was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient at a 5% significance level, while criterion validity was determined by comparing machine outputs with manual standards. The results demonstrated that the system operates with stability, accuracy, and efficiency, as shown by an average arrangement time of 14.24 minutes for 25 bottles and a standard deviation of ±0.0065 minutes. All main components functioned optimally, the system’s validity was proven to be strong and significant, and operational reliability was confirmed through repeated testing. These findings affirm that the CNC Pick and Place system on the SMI T201 Trainer is a viable and reliable automation solution for intelligent technology-based industrial environments.
... Pendidikan seperti ini sangat relevan dalam menghadapi tantangan abad ke-21 seperti revolusi industri keempat, perubahan iklim, serta krisis sosial dan kemanusiaan yang kompleks. Menghadapi tantangan ini memerlukan kolaborasi lintas negara dan pendekatan lintas disiplin yang hanya dapat ditumbuhkan melalui pendidikan yang berorientasi global (Schwab, 2017). ...
Globalisasi dan perkembangan teknologi yang pesat telah
merevolusi paradigma pendidikan, menciptakan peluang
transformatif sekaligus menimbulkan tantangan kompleks yang
memerlukan adaptasi berkelanjutan. Buku ini, "Transformasi
Pendidikan dan Teknologi dalam Perspektif Global," menghadirkan
analisis yang mendalam mengenai peran teknologi dalam
membangun sistem pembelajaran yang lebih inklusif, adaptif, dan
sesuai dengan dinamika global kontemporer.
Bab-bab dalam buku ini menyajikan eksplorasi teoritis dan
empiris tentang konsep perspektif global dalam pendidikan,
menggarisbawahi pentingnya kesadaran global, dan tantangan
yang muncul dalam upaya mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai tersebut ke
dalam konteks pendidikan nasional. Buku ini mengkaji hubungan
sinergis antara pendidikan dan teknologi, yang menjadi katalisator
utama dalam pembelajaran modern, serta menggambarkan
transformasi peran pendidik di era digital. Selain itu, berbagai
keterampilan abad ke-21, seperti literasi digital dan kolaborasi,
dibahas secara rinci untuk menunjukkan relevansinya dalam
membentuk peserta didik yang kompeten dan adaptif.
Kami berharap buku ini dapat memperkaya diskursus
akademik terkait inovasi pendidikan dan menawarkan wawasan
berharga yang dapat menginspirasi pendidik, peneliti, serta
pembuat kebijakan dalam mengembangkan sistem pendidikan
yang lebih responsif, kontekstual, dan relevan dengan tantangan
global yang ada
... The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), characterized by digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and automation, has reshaped education systems globally, compelling a transformation in how learning is structured and delivered. Schwab (2017) describes this shift as Industry 4.0, which demands that educational systems evolve to prepare students for the complexities of a technology-driven world. However, despite this global push towards digital integration, many classrooms worldwide, especially in mathematics, still rely on traditional methods, such as rote memorization, which fail to meet the cognitive and engagement needs of today's learners (Kivunja, 2014). ...
Digital tools and student-centered strategies like PBL are increasingly vital for developing problem-solving skills in complex mathematical subjects, such as Mathematics of Investment. This study developed and evaluated an electronic Problem-Based Learning module in teaching Mathematics of Investment among Grade 11 HUMSS students. Prior research supports the integration of multimedia elements such as text, illustrations, images, and infographics as effective tools for enhancing mathematical problem-solving skills. To address this instructional gap, the study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design guided by the ADDIE model, involving 50 students and nine experts in mathematics, media, and language. Diagnostics identified students struggle with annuities and interest calculations, prompting to design an ePBL module via Canva and Hyzine. This e-module embedded multimedia elements within the 5C framework (Connect, Comprehend, Collaborate, Create, Critique) to address learning gaps. Three mathematics education experts validated and rated the ePBL module highly in terms of content (M=3.71, SD=0.23) alignment with learning objectives, format (M=3.72, SD=0.29) for clarity, presentation and organization (M=3.67, SD=0.24) for logical flow, accuracy (M=4.00, SD=0.00) for conceptual correctness. In addition, three language experts evaluated the ePBL module’s language use (M=4.67, SD=0.33) was clear and appropriate, while three media experts assessed the integration of multimedia elements (M=4.53, SD=0.24) effectively enhanced comprehension. Students rated the ePBL module positively: content (M= 3.75, SD=0.34) for fostering critical thinking, presentation and organization (M=3.82, SD=0.05) for clarity, multimedia elements (M=3.73, SD=0.10) effectively enhanced engagement and supported comprehension, making the module a well-structured and engaging learning tool. The findings highlight ePBL’s role in connecting abstract concepts to practical financial literacy, equipping students with actionable skills.
... Whereas computers were only used to control various industrial machine equipment in the past, they have now shifted towards a more efficient direction. We are in the era of Industry 4.0, where various advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data, robotics, and cyber systems are combined to create smarter and more connected production systems (Schwab, 2017). So that the production process in the industry can be carried out even from a distance, and product reports can also be monitored remotely. ...
This research seeks to create an Android app that serves as a Human Machine Interface (HMI) learning tool for sorting machines, which will be used in the interface and data communication course in the Industrial Electronics Engineering department at SMKN 1 Rejotangan. The method used is the Research and Development (R&D) model by Borg & Gall, simplified into five stages: analysis, planning, development, product validation, and testing. According to the research results, the analysis stage identified the need for learning media. The HMI design was developed during the planning stage, and during the development stage, the application was created using the Android platform. Product validation results by subject matter experts and design experts show excellent conformity. Product trials with students show that this HMI application is practical and helps students understand IoT concepts easily. In conclusion, this Android-based HMI application is helpful as a learning medium to enhance students' understanding of interfaces and data communication.
... The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has propelled humanity into what is termed the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Klaus Schwab, 2016). Although this progress originates from the single dimension of technological development, it inevitably triggers changes and even revolutionary advancements in human ethics, ideology, and various aspects of culture. ...
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has reached a stage that causes human concerns. Is AI beneficial to human development or will it destroy humanity? From the novel perspective of human life values and evolutionary dimension upgrading, this paper argues that AI will not destroy or endanger human survival; rather, it will drive the evolution and dimensional upgrade of human civilization. Making better use of AI can also enhance human productivity and happiness index. This view is demonstrated through the transformation and innovation in the fields of education and psychological counseling.
... The fourth industrial revolution is driven by digitization -the transformation of information into binary digital forms -and digitalization -the application of digital technologies (Rodrigues et al., 2016;Schwab, 2016). "Smart" is the metaphor for applying digital technologies in production systems. ...
Paper aims Production Engineering, as a knowledge field, was born with Frederick Taylor and his seminal analysis of work in industry. Over time, work design gradually changed, due to a complex set of factors. Nowadays, although work is at the center stage of societal concerns, work design modeling is understudied and undervalued, as if everything depended on technological advances only. Originality To assess the evolution of work design models, I created a framework based on five elements: Technology, Model of Person, Management System, Work Blueprint, and targeted Outcomes. It allows for a comparative analysis of the models and reveals their path dependence. Research method In this article, I perform a historical analysis. I use seminal works that established the foundations of Production Engineering and Operations Management, combined with those that polemicize and establish the state-of-the-art in work design. Main findings Using that framework, I highlight the key features of each work design model, disclose their path dependence to cope with increasing complexity, and discuss the options currently available to understand better the challenges associated with work design in the future. Implications for theory and practice Evolutionary analysis is valuable for research and teaching, whereas the analytical framework may help practice, organization and work design.
The adoption of digital technologies has a profound impact on work, workplaces, and how careers unfold. This is seen in employees’ evolving work experiences, the skills needed to be successful, the role of the organisation in developing and managing careers, and how this culminates into a new career landscape. To manage the complexities associated with this reality, employees and organisations have to play a proactive role in building sustainable careers. The proposed conceptual organisational framework considers the person, context, and time dimensions associated with sustainable careers to enable careers that lead to happy, healthy, and productive employees.
This study aims to explore the implications of the digital age for the future of strategic management. It makes this assessment in connection with five main issues that are at the center of the field of strategic management. In particular, this study attempts to explore the future of strategic management with regard to the influence of the digital age on five forces model, strategic planning, competition, industry boundaries, and competitive advantage. The most important conclusion reached out of this assessment is that the digital age has impacted, and is likely to continue to impact, these five aspects of strategic management in significant ways.
Buku "MASA DEPAN ILMU TANAH: Tantangan dan Peluang di Era Revolusi Teknologi" ini mengkaji secara komprehensif peran penting ilmu tanah dalam menghadapi tantangan dan peluang di era revolusi teknologi 4.0.
Buku ini diawali dengan membahas definisi dan ruang lingkup ilmu tanah, mencakup berbagai cabang ilmu seperti fisika, kimia, dan biologi tanah. Kemudian, dibahas pula tantangan klasik dalam ilmu tanah, seperti degradasi lahan, erosi, dan pencemaran.
Selanjutnya, buku ini mengupas tuntas revolusi teknologi di bidang pertanian, meliputi peran teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK), seperti IoT, Big Data, dan AI, serta teknologi presisi, seperti SIG, penginderaan jauh, dan GPS. Buku ini juga menunjukkan bagaimana teknologi tersebut dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi tantangan dalam ilmu tanah, seperti mitigasi degradasi lahan, pengendalian erosi, dan peningkatan kesuburan tanah.
Buku ini menyajikan berbagai inovasi teknologi di bidang ilmu tanah, seperti pertanian presisi, bioteknologi, dan pemuliaan tanaman dengan teknologi CRISPR-Cas9 dan marka molekuler. Selanjutnya, buku ini membahas peran ilmu tanah dalam pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan dan mitigasi perubahan iklim, serta menguraikan peluang karir di bidang ilmu tanah di era digital.
Buku ini diakhiri dengan pembahasan tentang transformasi pendidikan ilmu tanah di era revolusi teknologi dan studi kasus implementasi teknologi dalam ilmu tanah. Dengan menyajikan informasi yang lengkap dan mendalam, buku ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang peran ilmu tanah dalam mewujudkan sistem pertanian yang berkelanjutan dan menjawab tantangan masa depan.
This article presents a comprehensive case study of the strategic and technical contributions of Brazilian mechatronics engineer Celio Francisco Filho, who led a critical international tryout in France for the implementation of CNC (Computer Numerical Control) automation at Dyna, a long-established manufacturer of windshield wiper systems. The project involved validating the performance and operational feasibility of a custom-developed CNC machine intended to automate the production of wiper arm rods—components that require high dimensional precision and structural integrity. Filho was responsible for overseeing the machine's calibration, sensor integration, tolerance testing, and communication with control systems. His leadership ensured not only the technical success of the tryout but also facilitated cultural and operational alignment between international partners. Upon successful validation, the CNC system was transferred to Dyna's Brazilian production line, resulting in substantial improvements in productivity, quality control, and data integration. This case underscores the importance of combining engineering expertise with global collaboration, illustrating how individual leadership can drive industrial innovation and support digital transformation in emerging markets. The study also contributes to broader discussions on smart manufacturing, retrofit automation, and the evolving role of engineers in globalized production ecosystems.
Trong bối cảnh biến đổi khí hậu và tình trạng cạn kiệt tài nguyên, chuyển đổi sang một nền kinh tế xanh đã trở thành một yêu cầu cấp thiết trên toàn cầu. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là đánh giá ảnh hưởng của chuyển đổi số và trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI) đối với sự phát triển của kinh tế xanh tại Việt Nam, với trọng tâm vào các yếu tố như: hiệu quả năng lượng, giảm phát thải khí nhà kính, quản lý tài nguyên bền vững, tạo ra việc làm xanh và phát triển sản phẩm thân thiện với môi trường. Phương pháp nghiên cứu kết hợp khảo sát định lượng với 150 đối tượng và phỏng vấn sâu với 20 chuyên gia, sử dụng SPSS để xử lý dữ liệu. Kết quả cho thấy ứng dụng chuyển đổi số và AI có tác động tích cực rõ rệt đến các yếu tố của kinh tế xanh, đặc biệt là trong việc cải thiện hiệu quả sử dụng năng lượng và quản lý tài nguyên. Nghiên cứu cũng đưa ra năm giải pháp chính, bao gồm: phát triển chính sách hỗ trợ, đầu tư vào hạ tầng số xanh, thúc đẩy nghiên cứu và phát triển, xây dựng nguồn nhân lực, và tăng cường hợp tác quốc tế. Những kết quả này sẽ là cơ sở khoa học vững chắc để thiết lập các chiến lược và chính sách phát triển kinh tế xanh, dựa trên nền tảng công nghệ số và AI tại Việt Nam.
The article examines the impact of implementing digitalization tools in an enterprise’s business processes on the criteria for its competitiveness. The concept of “digitalization” and the main elements of enterprise digitalization are defined, as well as key digital tools for forming and maintaining competitive advantages. It is noted that the digital competitiveness model assumes the presence of three interrelated elements: digital infrastructure (systems, platforms, channels); digital competence (personnel skills, management culture); digital strategy (vision, goals, integration of IT into business). The current digital strategies of the enterprise are characterized, which provide for radical changes in business processes in order to create unique consumer value that differs from competitors. Information technologies help not only to develop new products and services, but also to expand markets and find niches. The use of such technologies allows creating goods and providing services that best meet the needs of customers. The types and forms of information technologies that ensure the optimization of business processes and the effectiveness of key competitiveness indicators are specified. Practical examples of competitive advantages from the implementation of digital technologies are given. The shortcomings and weaknesses of the implementation of these technologies are indicated and obstacles for Ukrainian enterprises are given. It is determined that the implementation of information technologies is accompanied by the transformation of the organizational structure, business processes and strategic vision of the company. In this context, systemic approaches to adapting organizational elements to digital solutions to new operating conditions and technological changes are indicated. It is concluded that the digitalization of business processes is an important condition for increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise. The practical implementation of the digitalization of business processes is based on a comprehensive approach and strategic vision.
Artificial intelligence (AI) presents powerful opportunities for social reconstruction across multiple sectors, including public education, healthcare, security, and transportation. However, the ultrafast proliferation of AI projects in schools, primarily driven by corporate interests, may not align with long-term educational objectives such as student success, social-emotional learning, and inclusivity. This scenario echoes Pierre Bourdieu's conclusion regarding the systematic destruction of collectives as human systems increasingly prioritize commercial value. This phenomenological study explored the gap between education and technology in the context of the impending high-tech industrial revolution. Using Heideggerian interpretive phenomenology, we examined the lived experiences and expectations of the four leading educators and politicians in the United States. The findings elucidated five themes of the investigated phenomenon, contributing to bridging the gap between AI growth and education.
Aim . To analyze the phenomenon of “homo digital” from the perspective of the impact on it of the leading achievements of the digital revolution, to reveal the social, cultural, psychological, and technological aspects of the formation of this new human type. Methodology . The study consistently reveals the peculiarities of human existence in the modern world, analyzes the new human type formed in it – homo digital, comprehends the problems and challenges associated with the process of its formation and development, accents the social aspects of its existence. Dialectical methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, descriptive procedures, descriptive method, and method of comparative analysis are used to consider these problems. Results . The study concludes that the concept of “homo digital” fixes not only the digital component of the existence of a modern human, but also cultural, social, and psychological aspects associated with his involvement into the world of modern technics and technology. Homo digital is presented as an active participant of the digital society, who is fully realizing his role and responsibility in the digital world. His fundamental characters are digital literacy, formed ethical principles of on-line communication, the ability of effective management of data and information, critical evaluation of information, interaction in an on-line environment, realizing an impact of digital technologies on society and the environment, taking care of digital security. Research implications . The theoretical significance of the research relates to the thematization of the concept of “homo digital”, the identification of its characteristics and features, problems and prospects of being in the new digital world. The practical significance of the study is stipulated by the practical recommendations presented in it on improving the lifeway of a modern human, overcoming actual existential problems – digital inequality, ensuring the necessary level of digital education, compliance with ethical principles of communication in the digital environment, compliance with digital security requirements, constructing a person as a full subject in the system of digital society and digital economy.
In the context of Industry 4.0, employability skills have become a vital indicator of an individual's readiness for work, particularly in industrial sectors. They are essential for increasing competitiveness, productivity, and long-term career development. However, a significant gap persists among vocational education graduates in Indonesia, where high unemployment rates and skill mismatches pose challenges. This study aims to analyze employability skills among vocational graduates using a human capital investment framework adapted to a digitalization approach. A total of 2587 vocational high school graduates in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were surveyed using an online questionnaire and selected through exponential snowball sampling. Employability skills were measured through 37 indicators and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling to test both measurement and structural models across 24 hypotheses. The results demonstrate that the proposed empirical model is valid, reliable, and possesses strong predictive power with an R-squared of 0.855 and a Q-squared of 0.605. Digital Communication and Collaboration emerged as the most influential full mediator, effectively linking all exogenous variables to Digital Creativity and Production, highlighting its importance in developing digital productivity and innovation. Several direct relationships were statistically unsupported, including the paths from Technology Adaptation and Specific Software Skills to ICT Resources Integration and Analytical and Problem-Solving Skills to Digital Communication and Collaboration and Digital Creativity and Production. These findings emphasize the importance of structured learning interventions integrating technical training with ICT-based group projects to promote collaboration, digital interaction, and problem-solving. The study contributes practical insights for vocational curriculum development to enhance graduate readiness in the digital labor market.
This chapter discusses the influence of leadership on emerging workplace design driven by technological developments. The chapter will also explore the monitoring, surveillance, and automation strategies utilised by business organisations to improve the effectiveness of their marketing initiatives. Despite the well-documented evidence for the effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability of digital transformation of business organisations, it can have severe impacts on business stakeholders such as customers, employees, and society. We aim to focus on the luxury and fashion industry and propose approaches that leaders can utilise to implement and support digital transformation effectively.
Tingginya Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) menyatakan secara langsung bahwa lulusan SMK saat ini masih belum kompeten. Ketidakkompetenan ini merujuk pada kurikulum yang masih kurang berhasil dalam menghasilkan tenaga kerja terampil yang dibutuhkan oleh Dunia Usaha dan Dunia Industri (DUDI). Era disrupsi tenaga kerja juga menjadi tantangan bagi SMK di samping masalah-masalah lainnya dan berkaitan erat dengan Revolusi Industri 4.0. Menghadapi tantangan ini SMK harus menyusun kurikulum yang tepat di era disrupsi tenaga kerja dunia usaha dan dunia industri. Kurikulum yang tepat sesuai dengan kebutuhan saat ini akan membantu lulusan SMK diterima bekerja di Dunia Usaha dan Dunia Industri.
Complexity has emerged as a global phenomenon with significant implications for the organization and structure of any system. In recent decades, the space system has undergone a transition to a more complex configuration. This essay argues that the increasing complexity of space system architecture is attributable to the proliferation and diversification of actors, interactions, processes, trends, and topics that demand novel examinations and explanations. This research emphasizes the necessity of employing systems and social science methodologies to evaluate and provide novel perspectives on the study of complex systems, such as the space system. The primary objective of this study is to examine the complex structure of the current space system using a sociotechnical systems model. The present study offers a comprehensive examination of the contemporary space system, emphasizing the role of contextual elements, active agents, forms of interaction, and the diverse applications and emergent trends that are profoundly influencing not only the space system itself but also the broader international system.
This paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in corporate governance, focusing on how AI-driven corporate finance can enhance decision-making ethics and transparency. It delves into the potential of machine learning and process automation to streamline financial report- ing, improving accuracy and efficiency. The use of AI in developing predic- tive models for financial performance is also examined, showcasing its role in informed strategic planning. By leveraging AI technologies, corporations can achieve better governance practices, promoting ethical standards and transparency in their operations. This study highlights the critical role of AI in transforming corporate governance through improved financial oversight and decision-making processes.
The rapid deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various industries has sparked a debate on balancing technological advancements with human-centric approaches. This paper explores the dual impact of AI and Algorithmic Management (AM) on workplace efficiency and employee wellbeing. While AI enhances productivity and operational accuracy through automation and data-driven decision-making, Through case studies and real-world examples, this study explores ways to integrate AI that respect human values and ethics. The findings highlight the importance of striking a balance between embracing technological innovation and ensuring the wellbeing of workers for a sustainable and responsible use of AI.
La Industria 4.0, que integra tecnologías avanzadas como la inteligencia artificial y el Internet de las cosas, está transformando la educación superior según el principio de modernidad líquida de Bauman. Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar la necesidad de que la educación se adapte a un entorno cambiante, donde el conocimiento rápidamente se vuelve obsoleto, requiriendo una formación continua. Mediante un análisis cualitativo de estudios de caso y una revisión bibliográfica, se muestra cómo se integran tecnologías avanzadas en los currículos y las metodologías de enseñanza, promoviendo habilidades como la creatividad, la resolución de problemas y el aprendizaje autónomo. Los resultados subrayan la urgencia de desarrollar una educación flexible y adaptativa para enfrentar los desafíos futuros.
The dynamic evolution of industries of the future demands a reconfiguration of entrepreneurial competencies. As emerging generations-Gen X, Y, Z, and Alpha-confront increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environments, there is a pressing need to revisit the foundations of entrepreneurial behavior from a positive psychology perspective. This study systematically reviews the literature surrounding future entrepreneurial skills, emphasizing the role of Positive Entrepreneurial Behavior (PEB) as a critical framework. Building upon core theories of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial behavior, entrepreneurial traits, positive psychology, and positive organizational behavior, this review synthesizes how future competencies intersect with psychological strengths such as resilience, optimism, hope, and self-efficacy. Conceptual frameworks from industries of the future further inform the necessary transformation of entrepreneurial skills for the next generation. A systematic literature review methodology was employed, identifying and analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles published over the last two decades. Inclusion criteria centered on studies addressing entrepreneurial competencies, positive psychological constructs, and generational shifts. The findings reveal five core clusters of future entrepreneurial competencies driven by positive behavior: adaptive resilience, opportunity optimism, creative problem-solving, sustainable innovation orientation, and inclusive leadership. Moreover, the analysis highlights that PEB operates as both a psychological catalyst and a structural enabler for entrepreneurial flourishing in future industries. The synthesis underscores the emergence of PEB as an integrative theoretical bridge between traditional entrepreneurial frameworks and the evolving demands of a digitalized, sustainable, and human-centric economic landscape. Recommendations for educational, organizational, and policy interventions are proposed to nurture these competencies across generational cohorts. Positive Entrepreneurial Behavior represents a transformative paradigm essential for equipping future entrepreneurs to thrive amidst accelerating technological, environmental, and societal changes. Future research should aim to operationalize PEB constructs into measurable competencies applicable across diverse entrepreneurial ecosystems.
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