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Biodiversity Journal, 2018, 9 (4): 411–424
On some Pliocene Lucinidae J. Fleming, 1828 (Bivalvia) from
Orciano Pisano (Pisa, Italy) with the proposal to establish a
new species: Alucinoma (?) persquamulosa (Sacco, 1901)
Massimo Cresti1 & Maurizio Forli2
1via Don Milani 2/11, 50026 San Casciano V.P., Firenze, Italy; e-mail: xcrema@inwind.it
2via Grocco 16, 59100 Prato, Italy; e-mail: murexmaxi@libero.it
ABSTRACT
Received 28.10.2018; accepted 21.11.2018; printed 30.12.2018; published online 07.01.2019
In the present paper, three species of bivalves (Mollusca Bivalvia) belonging to the Lucinidae
J. Fleming, 1828 family, coming from the Pliocene lands of Orciano Pisano (Pisa, Italy) are
described and discussed. They are: Myrtea spinifera (Montagu, 1803), Gonimyrtea (?)
meneghinii (De Stefani et Pantanelli, 1878) and Alucinoma (?) persquamulosa (Sacco, 1901).
The latter species has been described as a variety of Lucina meneghinii and, following the
new findings in the surroundings of Orciano Pisano, we propose it as a valid species. Some
discrepancies with the descriptions of the type species of the various genera used in the de-
terminations, suggest the possibility of a systematic update of the italian Pliocene lucinides.
IN TRO DUC TIO N
Orciano Pisano (Pisa, Italy) is a village known
since 1800 for fossils found in its immediate sur-
roundings; the location is interesting, both from the
historical and scientific point of view, due to the
abundance and variety of remains belonging to ver-
tebrates and invertebrates. Many authors have treated
them, among many: Pecchioli (1864), D’Ancona
(1871, 1872), Lawley (1875, 1876, 1879), Menesini
(1977), Bianucci (1996, 1997), Gatto (1997), Del-
l’Angelo et al. (2000), Bianucci & Landini (2005),
Danise et al. (2010), Brunetti et al. (2017), Dominici
et al. (2018), Brunetti & Cresti (2018). In the course
of surface searching, aimed at expanding the knowl-
edge on the fossil malacofauna present in the study
area, several mollusc shells have been collected,
among which we have identified numerous Lu-
cinidae bivalves belonging to the genus Myrtea W.
Turton, 1822 and, with some doubts, to Gonimyrtea
Marwick, 1929 and Alucinoma Habe, 1958. We at-
tributed to this last genus a specimens originally de-
scribed by Sacco (1901) as a variety of Myrtea
spinifera (Montagu, 1803), proposing it as a new
combination with the denomination of Alucinoma
(?) persquamulosa (Sacco, 1901).
MATER IAL A ND MET HOD S
Study area
As described in our recent work on the same lo-
cality area (Brunetti et al., 2017), the land around
the village of Orciano Pisano (Pisa, Italy), forming
part of the Fine River Basin region, consists mainly
of sandy clays, sometimes accompanied, towards
the upper part of the hills, by rare calcarenites. The
KEY WORDS
Lucinidae; Myrtea; Gonimyrtea; Alucinoma; Pliocene; Orciano Pisano; Tuscany.
DOI: 10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2018.9.4.411.424
Material
The samples were obtained mainly through
manual harvesting of the surface and partly from
the washing and screening of sediment blocks,
taken from the points where there were greater
concentrations of shells. The specimens are al-
most always with separate valves, even if some-
times the provenance to the same individual is
evident, since the two shells were very close to
each other and in opposition. Often, they have the
ornamentation surface corroded centrally giving
the impression that the same is more evident to
the sides of the shell. The few synonymous
names, quoted for the species considered by us,
are taken from works of a general nature or from
other parts of Tuscany or relating to the locality
of Orciano Pisano.
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS. H:
maximum height of the shell, measured from he
top of the umbos to the opposite ventral margin; L:
horizontal maximum width, distance between
deposition age is between the lower Pliocene and
the end of the Piacenzian (Danise et al., 2010; Do-
minici et al., 2018). If, on a general level, the
“clays” appear at a hurried observation, similar to
each other, observing the land with more attention,
we can distinguish in the various hills around the
country, differences in sedimentation and facies, re-
flected by the different content in the mollusc fau-
nas, which sometimes can correspond to different
ages within the Pliocene. The typical blue clays,
from batial environment, of the lower Pliocene, are
more present to the west, near the Gabbro country,
where they are in continuous contact with the sedi-
ments of the upper Miocene (Bossio et al., 1981).
The examined material comes from clayey sedi-
ments with sometimes a more or less evident sandy
component, generally deposited at a depth corre-
sponding to the circalittoral, of average Piacenzian
age, as is shown in Dominici et al. (2018) from the
position of the sections number 1, 2 and 3, corre-
sponding to the localities of Pagliana, Pieve Vecchia
and Orciano of their figure 2 (Fig. 1).
MASSIMO CRESTI & MAURIZIO FORLI
412
Figure. 1. One of the collecting sites (red arrow) around Orciano Pisano (Pisa, Italy)
corresponding to number 2, following Dominici et al. (2018).
On some Pliocene Lucinidae from Orciano Pisano (Italy) and notes on Alucinoma (?) persquamulosa (Sacco, 1901)
frontal and posterior margins; vsd: loose valves,
right and left, not counted; MSNF: Museo diStoria
Naturale di Firenze (Italy); MRSN: Museo Re-
gionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino (Italy); CMC:
Massimo Cresti collection; MFC: Maurizio Forli
collection.
RE SULTS
Systematics
Classis BIVALVIA Linnaeus, 1758
Subclassis HETERODONTA Neumayr, 1884
Ordo LUCINIDA Gray, 1854
Superfamilia LUCINOIDEA J. Fleming, 1828
Familia LUCINIDAE J. Fleming, 1828
Subfamilia MYRTEINAE Chavan, 1969
Genus Myrtea W. Turton, 1822
Type species: Venus spinifera Montagu, 1803
Myrtea spinifera (Montagu, 1803) - Figs. 2–8
Venus spinifera Montagu, 1803: 577–579
Lucina astensis Bonelli - Michelotti, 1839: 25
Lucina (Myrtea) spinifera (Montagu) - Sacco,
1901: 93, tab. 21, figs. 8–23
Myrtea spinifera var. astensis Sacco, 1901: 94, tab.
21, figs. 11–14
Lucina (Myrtea) spinifera Montagu - Cerulli Irelli,
1909: 180–181, tab. 24, figs. 25–32
Myrtea (Myrtea) spinifera (Montagu) - Robba,
1968: 496–497, tab. 38, figs. 6a–b.
Myrtea (Myrtea) spinifera (Montagu) - Malatesta,
1974: 78, tab. 7, fig. 5
Myrtea (Myrtea) spinifera (Montagu) - Menesini,
1977: 260
Myrtea (Myrtea) spinifera (Montagu) - Brunetti,
2014: 85
Myrtea astensis (Sacco) - Brunetti & Cresti, 2018:
134, figs. 605.
Myrtea spinifera (Montagu) - Brunetti & Cresti,
2018: 134, figs. 606.
EXA M I NED M AT ERI A L . Orciano Pisano sur-
rondings (Pisa, Italy), Pliocene: CMC 40 vsd.; MFC
30 vsd.
DES CR I PT ION . Shell equivalent, almost equilat-
eral, outline sub-oval with posterior margin squared
off, longer than high, more or less thick, com-
pressed and slightly swollen. Prosogyrous umbo,
frontal margin slightly concave, rear margin slightly
convex. Small dimensions with an average width of
about one and a half centimeter. Sculpture consists
of concentric lamellae, regularly spaced from each
other, which to anterior and posterior dorsal mar-
gins, give rise to small, spiny, squamous elevations.
Hinge in the right valve with a cardinal tooth and
two in the left valve; dimples at the end of the lat-
eral teeth. External ligament. Impression of the an-
terior adductor muscle scar, oval with central
narrowing, posterior scar subcircular; they are con-
nected, by continuous pallial line, starting from
slightly above and slightly below the respective
centers. Smooth interior margin.
DISTRIBUTION.Myrtea spinifera is reported by
the Middle Miocene (Serravalliano) of the Tori-
nese Hills and other localities (Tortoniano) both
Italian and European: Benestare (RC), Montegib-
bio (MO), Popogna (LI), Sant’Agata and Staz-
zano (AL), Vigoleno (PC); Austria, Bulgaria,
France, Portugal. Pliocene and European Pleis-
tocene. Currently widespread in the North-At-
lantic, North Sea, Mediterranean, on muddy
debris bottoms of the infra-circalittoral plane
(Chirli, 2015: 68).
REM ARK S. The species is widely present in the
Pliocene lands around the village of Orciano Pisano
where shells of juvenile and adult specimens are
available. It is common to find it both among the
faunas of the clays and the fine sands of the coasts.
Some specimens fall into the “variety astensis” (the
Lucina astensis of Michelotti, 1839) reported by
Sacco (1901) which, in agreement with Menesini
(1977), here we consider synonymous of M.
spinifera.
Subfamilia LEUCOSPHAERINAE Taylor et
Glover, 2011
Genus Gonimyrtea Marwick, 1929
Type species: Loripes concinna Hutton, 1885
Gonimyrtea (?) meneghinii (De Stefani & Pan-
tanelli, 1878) (Figs. 9, 14, 17, 20–28)
Lucina bronni Mayer, 1858: 74–75, tab. 3, fig. 1
Lucina Meneghinii De Stefani et Pantanelli, 1878:
47
413
Lucina spinifera var. Meneghinii (De Stefani et
Pantanelli) - De Stefani, 1888: 191, tab. 9, figs.
27–28
Lucina spinifera var. Meneghinii De Stefani et Pan-
tanelli - Trentanove, 1901: 549
Dentilucina meneghini (De Stefani et Pantanelli) -
Sacco, 1901: 85, tab. 20, figs. 1–4
Dentilucina meneghinii var. persquamulosa Sacco,
1901: 84, tab. 20, fig. 8
Phacoides (Phacoides) meneghinii (De Stefani et
Pantanelli) - Robba, 1968: 495–496, tav. 38,
figs. 5a-b
Gonimyrtea meneghini (De Stefani et Pantanelli) -
Malatesta, 1974: 80–81, tab. 7, fig. 3
Gonimyrtea meneghini (De Stefani et Pantanelli) -
Menesini, 1977: 260
Gonimyrtea meneghinii (De Stefani et Pantanelli) -
Spano, 1989: 362, tab. 5, figs. 6, 7
Gonimyrtea bronni (Mayer) - Brunetti & Cresti,
2018: 134, figs. 611
Gonimyrtea meneghinii (De Stefani et Pantanelli) -
Brunetti & Cresti, 2018: 134, figs. 612
TYP E MATER I AL. MSNF, IGF 8907E, Larniano
(Siena, Italy), Pliocene: type, left valve, H = 8.6, L
= 9; MSNF, IGF 7080E, Certaldo (Firenze, Italy),
Pliocene: left valve, H = 10, L = 11; MSNF, IGF
9213E, Coroncina (Siena, Italy), Pliocene: left
valve, H = 7, L = 7.8.
OTH E R E XAM I N ED MAT E RIA L . MRSN, Rio
Torsero (Savona, Italy), Pliocene: BS.154.03.042
(f. 8), left valve, H = 13, L = 15. Orciano Pisano
surrondings (Pisa, Italy), Pliocene: CMC 30 vsd.;
MFC 22 vsd.
DESCRIPTION. De Stefani & Pantanelli (1878):
“Testa suborbicularis, compressa, transversim stri-
ata; striae concentricae, distantes, prominulae, ad
marginem magis perspicuae: antice et postice sub-
quadrata; margines ventralis et dorsalis depressius-
culi; margo pallearis convexus: umbones
obtusiusculi: cardo parum crassus, bidentatus;
fovea ligamenti magna; dentes lateraes crassius-
culi”. Shell equivalent, almost equilateral, with cir-
cular, subquadrate, outline, more or less thick,
compressed. Prosogyrus umbo, anterior dorsal mar-
gin short, concave, with recess accentuated under
the umbo, almost straight back margin. Two not very
evident ridges originate from the sides of the umbo,
the anterior one ends to about half of the anterior
cardinal margin, while the posterior one ends to the
end of the posterior slope area. Dimensions mostly
small, average width around the centimeter. Surface
sculpture consists of thin and dense continuous, con-
centric lamellae, regularly spaced from each other,
which at the edges of the valves give rise to small,
spiny, scaly elevations. Hinge in the right valve with
a cardinal tooth, in the left valve with two, lateral
ones present in both valves. External ligament. An-
terior adductor muscle scar elliptical elongated, pos-
terior scar subrhomboidal; the pallial line begins at
about half of the anterior muscle scar, ending at the
lower apex of the posterior muscle scar. Whole pal-
lial line, parallel to the margin of the valve, is
crossed by serrations little evident, more pronounced
just above and just below the pallial line itself.
DISTRIBUTION. Considering the inconsistencies
found in the identification with Myrtea spinifera,
some old reports from Miocene should be verified
with a comparison between the specimens. For the
limited purpose of this note, we merely report the
distribution as found in bibliography: Miocene of
the Colline Torinesi (Sacco, 1901), (Robba, 1968),
Langhiano - Serravalliano of the surroundings of
Cagliari (Spano, 1989). Widespread throughout the
Pliocene.
REMARKS. Sacco (1901) placed this species in
the genus Dentilucina P. Fischer, 1887, type
species Lucina jamaicensis Lamarck, 1801, cur-
rently considered in synonymy respectively of
Phacoides Agassiz 1846 and P. pectinatus
(Gmelin, 1791).
The generic attribution of Sacco, and conse-
quently that of Robba (1968), can not be maintained
for the completely different characters of P. pectina-
tus, for example the strength of the shell, the different
conformation of the hinge, the less evident lunula,
the different pallial prints and the presence of two
very pronounced external ridges extending from the
umbo up to the two sides of the valves. The later
more recent Authors (see synonymy) have assigned
this species to the genus Gonimyrtea Marwick, 1929
which until recently was included in the subfamily
Myrteinae Chavan, 1969. New studies based on mo-
lecular analysis have modified this situation consid-
ering in the subfamily Myrteinae the species with
elongated shells not subcircular. The current species
of the genus Gonimyrtea, on the basis of further mo-
lecular data, have been assigned to the subfamily
MASSIMO CRESTI & MAURIZIO FORLI
414
Leucosphaerinae Taylor et Glover in Taylor et al.,
2011 (Taylor et al., 2013; Glover & Taylor, 2016).
At the moment it is difficult to give a certain
general attribution to the species of De Stefani and
Pantanelli; the comparison between “Gonimyrtea”
meneghinii and Loripes concinna Hutton, 1885, a
type of Gonimyrtea Marwick, 1929, shows mor-
phological concordance for the “roundish” shape,
the small size, the concentric lamellae ornamenta-
tion extended also in the central part of the shell,
the similar shape of the adductor muscle scars and
the pallial line. It differs mainly due to the presence
of a recess pronounced at the lunula with relative
different shape of the anterior lateral tooth. The in-
fusion of the lunula is similar to that present in the
genus Alucinoma Habe, 1958 (species like Aluci-
noma soyoae Habe, 1958: Japan, Sagami Bay) with
which it also has in common the compressed form
but the other diagnostic characters, also in this case
, do not fully coincide. Since we are not specialists
in this family of bivalves, we prefer to continue
using the genus Gonimyrtea, although doubtful.
The original material comes from the paleon-
tological collections of the Museo di Storia Natu-
rale of Firenze (Italy). These are three Pliocene
specimens, the one described and illustrated by De
Stefani and Pantanelli for the establishment of
their species, coming from Larniano (SI) (Figs. 9–
11) and two others: one coming from the Coro-
ncina, a locality in immediate eastern suburbs of
Siena (Figs. 14–16) and another labelled as a va-
riety of Lucina spinifera Montagu, coming from
Certaldo (Firenze, Italy) (Figs. 17–19). The
nomenclatural history of this species is short but
troubled because De Stefani (1888) changed opin-
ion about the validity of the species established
with Pantanelli “I am convinced that it is a simple
variety, without pointed laminae, of L. spinifera”.
The examination of the specimen indicated as va-
riety by the Author has confirmed the correspon-
dence with the Type and with the other coming
from the Coroncina (Siena, Italy). For which,
given the differences between G. meneghinii and
M. spinifera (Montagu, 1803), even on a generic
level, this consideration can not exist. The taxo-
nomic validity of G. meneghinii has also been
questioned by placing it in synonymous of Lucina
bronni Mayer, 1858. The comparison between the
original figures of the two species shows their cor-
respondence (Figs. 12–13) but, since the name
used by Mayer can not be preserved because there
is a Lucina bronni Merian manuscript earlier cited
by Braun (1843: 147) and Bronn (1843: 66) as
a synonymous for Lucina squamosa Lamarck,
1818. The species of Mayer loses its status, as also
anticipated by Sacco (1901: 85).
Malatesta (1974) reports the species for the
Pliocene of Orvieto surroundings, illustrating a
specimen of medium size (H = 13.2, D = 14.4), but
we could not recognize it due to the poor quality
of photographic reproduction (Plate VII, Fig. 3).
The author, however, makes some observations
about the correspondence between the description
of Mayer and that of De Stefani & Pantanelli, re-
porting for his sample the original diagnosis of the
Swiss author. Some specimens from Orciano fit
well to L. bronni, especially to have a more
rounded shape and the ornamentation is not very
visible while the hinge and internal imprints are the
same so in our opinion, they are not sufficiently
differentiated to constitute a separate specific en-
tity. Among the specimens we have attributed to G.
(?) meneghinii we have included some that have a
profile a little more rounded or with less evidence
of the recess in correspondence of the lunula, (Figs
22, 24), differences that to the state current knowl-
edge we consider falling within intraspecific vari-
ability.
Genus Alucinoma Habe, 1958
Type species: Alucinoma soyoae Habe, 1958
Alucinoma (?) persquamulos a (Sacco, 1901)
(Figs. 32, 36–43)
Dentilucina meneghinii var. persquamulosa Sacco,
1901: 85, tab. 20, fig. 7
Myrtea sp. - Brunetti & Cresti, 2018: fig. 608
TYPE MATERIAL. MRSN, Castelnuovo d’Asti
(Asti, Italy), Pliocene: BS.154.03.041 (f. 7), right
valve, H = 14, L = 15.8.
OTHER EXAMINED MATERIAL. Orciano Pisano sur-
rondings (Pisa, Italy), Pliocene: CMC 40 vsd.; MFC
20 vsd.
DESCRIPTION. Shell equivalent, inequilateral,
with outline almost circular, rather thick, com-
pressed and a little swollen. Prosogyrus umbo, very
On some Pliocene Lucinidae from Orciano Pisano (Italy) and notes on Alucinoma (?) persquamulosa (Sacco, 1901) 415
short anterior dorsal margin, rectum, right and
oblique posterior margin. Pretty large dimensions,
average width over two and a half centimeter. Sur-
face with sculpture consists of dense continuous,
concentric lamellae, regularly spaced from each
other, which at the edges of the valves give rise to
minute thorny scales. Hinge in the right valve with
a cardinal tooth, in the left valve with two, short an-
terior lateral teeth, posterior lateral tooth lengthened
according to the length of the corresponding margin.
The whole hinge is poorly detectable and evident,
in some specimens the dentition is obsolete. Impres-
sion of anterior adductor muscle scar, elongated el-
lipsoidal, posterior scar subrhomboidal; the pallial
line start from about half the total lenght of the an-
terior scar ending to the lower apex of the posterior
scar. Pallial line more or less parallel with the mar-
gin, crossed by numerous evident serrations that
protrude attenuated over the entire internal surface.
DISTRIBUTION. Sacco (1901) reports it as fre-
quent in the Miocene, Elveziano and Tortoniano,
and in the Pliocene, Piacenzian and Astiano (Rio
Torsero and Castelnuovo d’Asti). Considering the
confusion existing in the identification of this
species, so far attributed or confused with G.
meneghinii, only the distribution for the Pliocene
(Piacenzian) of Castelnuovo d'Asti and Orciano
Pisano is certain.
REMARKS. The Type is established on the spec-
imen included in the collection Bellardi and Sacco,
number BS.154.03.041 (Merlino, 2007: 171), fig-
ured by Sacco (1901) at number 7 of table 20, from
the Pliocene (Piacenziano) of Castelnuovo d’Asti
(Piedmont) (Figs. 32–35). It is a right valve of
smaller size compared to those that we estimate
conspecifiche coming from Orciano Pisano, with
the posterior margin partially broken for which the
profile is less rounded and expanded. The muscle
scars are unfortunately not very evident, the anterior
coincides with that from Orciano specimens while
the posterior is not visible because is almost com-
pletely covered by a label, with the original number,
and residue of glue. The hinge, even if it conforms
how arrangement of the cardinal and lateral teeth,
it is more evident than the other individuals that we
found, in which it is, on average, less evident.
Sacco (1901) distinguished his persquamulosa
variety from L. meneghinii for “lamellae squamu-
lose-cristata concentric, etiam in medium per-
spicuous region”. Under this denomination, in
Bellardi and Sacco collection (Sacco, 1901: tab.
20, fig. 8), there is also another specimen, num-
bered BS.154.03.042 (Merlino, 2007: 171), which
at the moment we consider conspecific of G.
meneghinii despite the profile more acute of the
region ante and post umbone (Figs. 28–31).
We attribute this species dubiously to the genus
Alucinoma Habe, 1958 mainly for the obsolete ap-
pearance of the hinge, for the similar outline of the
shell and of the muscolar and pallial line impres-
sions. Some morphological divergences such as the
most evident ornamentation and the greater robust-
ness, suggests also in this case, an uncertain generic
attribution. Despite these doubts, we propose to
raise the Dentilucina meneghinii var. persquamu-
losa with the denomination of Alucinoma (?) per-
squamulosa (Sacco, 1901).
CO NCL USI ONS
The analysis of some Pliocene specimens be-
longing to the Lucinidae family, coming from the
surroundings of Orciano Pisano, has shown that
some taxa, although considering some intraspecific
variability, need a more precise definition and attri-
bution, at a specific and above all generic level. In
light of the new methods of study of current mol-
luscs, based in large part on genetic analysis, in ad-
dition to more careful and different ways of
considering morphological characters than in the
past, we believe it is necessary a revision of the fos-
sil species belonging to this family.
AC KNO WLE DGE MEN TS
We would like to thank those who contributed to
the drafting of the text: Mauro M. Brunetti (Navas
del Selpillar, Spain) for some suggestions under re-
view, Dr. Stefano Dominici (Museo di Storia Nat-
urale, Università diFirenze, Italy), for the precious
advice during the drafting of the text and the criti-
cal review of the original manuscript written in ital-
ian, Dr. Daniele Ormezzano (Museo Regionale di
Scienze Naturali di Torino, Italy) for sending pho-
tos of the specimens belonging to the Bellardi and
Sacco collection.
MASSIMO CRESTI & MAURIZIO FORLI
416
Figures 2–8. Myrtea spinifera (Montagu, 1803), Orciano Pisano (Pisa, Italy), Pliocene. Fig. 2: right valve, inner and upper
surface, H= 2 mm, L = 4 mm. Fig. 3: right valve, inner and upper surface, H =5 mm, L = 7 mm. Figs. 4, 8: left valve, inner
and upper surface, adductor muscle scars, and pallial line, H=17.2 mm, L = 23.5 mm. Figs. 5, 7: right valve, inner and upper
surface, and hinge teeth, H=19.3 mm, L = 23.5 mm, morpho Lucina astensis Michelotti, 1839; Fig. 6: hinge teeth of the left
valve, L = 18.5 mm.
On some Pliocene Lucinidae from Orciano Pisano (Italy) and notes on Alucinoma (?) persquamulosa (Sacco, 1901) 417
Figures 9–12. Gonimyrtea (?) meneghinii (De Stefani et Pantanelli, 1878). Fig. 9: type, left valve, H = 8.6 mm, L = 9 mm,
MSNF IGF 8907E, Larniano (Siena, Italy), Pliocene. Fig. 10: original handwritten label by De Stefani. Fig. 11: label MSNF
collection. Fig. 12: type specimen figured by De Stefani, 1888, p. 191, tab. 9, figs. 27-28. Figure 13: Lucina bronni Mayer,
1858, pp. 74–75, pl. III, fig. 1.
MASSIMO CRESTI & MAURIZIO FORLI
418
Figures 14–19. Gonimyrtea (?) meneghinii (De Stefani et Pantanelli, 1878). Fig. 14: left valve, H = 10 mm, L = 11mm,
MSNF IGF 7080E, Certaldo (Firenze, Italy), Pliocene. Figs. 15, 16: original handwritten label by De Stefani and MSNF
old label for specimen of figure 14. Fig. 17: left valve, H = 7 mm, L = 7.8 mm, MSNF IGF 9213E, Coroncina (Siena, Italy),
Pliocene. Figs. 18, 19: original handwritten label by De Stefani and MSNF old label for specimen of figure 17.
On some Pliocene Lucinidae from Orciano Pisano (Italy) and notes on Alucinoma (?) persquamulosa (Sacco, 1901) 419
Figures 20–27. Gonimyrtea (?) meneghinii (De Stefani et Pantanelli, 1878), Orciano Pisano (Pisa, Italy), Pliocene. Figs.
20, 25: right valve, inner and upper surface, hinge, L = 5.1mm. Figs. 21, 26: left valve, inner and upper surface, hinge, L =
9.5 mm. Fig. 22: left valve, inner and upper surface, H = 18 mm, L = 17.2 mm. Fig. 23: right valve, inner and upper surface,
H = 13.7 mm, L = 15.5 mm. Fig. 24: right valve, inner and upper surface, H = 18.2 mm, L = 19.5 mm. Fig. 27: adductor
muscles scars and pallial line of the specimen of figure 14.
MASSIMO CRESTI & MAURIZIO FORLI
420
Figures 28–31. Gonimyrtea (?) meneghinii (De Stefani et Pantanelli, 1878), Rio Torsero (Savona, Italy), Pliocene. Fig. 28:
left valve, inner and upper surface, H = 13 mm, L = 15 mm. Fig. 29: original handwritten label from the Bellardi & Sacco
collection; Figs. 30, 31: MRSN labels collection; Figures 32–35. Alucinoma (?) persquamulosa (Sacco, 1901), Castelnuovo
d’Asti (Asti, Italy), Pliocene. Fig. 32: right valve, inner and upper surface, H = 14 mm, L = 15.8 mm. Fig. 33: original hand-
written label from the Bellardi & Sacco collection; Figs. 34, 35: MRSN labels collection.
On some Pliocene Lucinidae from Orciano Pisano (Italy) and notes on Alucinoma (?) persquamulosa (Sacco, 1901) 421
Figures 36–42. Alucinoma (?) persquamulosa (Sacco, 1901), Orciano Pisano (Pisa, Italy), Pliocene. Figs. 36, 37: left valve,
inner and upper surface, adductor muscles scars and pallial line, H = 20.6 mm, L = 26 mm. Fig. 38: right valve, inner and upper
surface, H = 19 mm, L = 20.2 mm. Fig. 39: right valve, inner and upper surface, H = 20 mm, L = 21.4 mm. Figs. 40, 41: right
valve, inner and upper surface, hinge, H = 20.4 mm, L = 23.7 mm. Fig. 42: left valve, inner and upper surface, hinge, H = 18.6
mm, L = 22 mm; Figure 43. Dentilucina meneghinii var. persquamulosa Sacco, 1901: 85, tab. 20, fig. 7.
MASSIMO CRESTI & MAURIZIO FORLI
422
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