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THE QUESTION OF GENDER INCLUSIVENESS OF BOTTOM-UP STRATEGIES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: Gender, Art, and Memory
... From 2010 to 2011, the multiethnic initiative organized debates dedicated to designing the mandate of the regional fact-finding commission, which had emerged as a preferred transitional justice approach in previous rounds of consultations. These debates produced the commission's draft Statute. 3 Defining the commission's mandate, the document failed to respond to women's concerns, needs, and interests, exposing the gender dimension as a weakness of the RECOM's process (Bonora 2019). The draft Statute did not provide for women's equal inclusion in different facets of the commission's operation, nor did it envisage appropriate procedures to facilitate recognition of women victims of SGBV (although SGBV was listed among abuses to be investigated). ...
Scholars have pinpointed that women's underrepresentation in peacemaking results in gendered outcomes that do not address women's needs and interests. Despite recent increased representation at the negotiating table, women still have a limited influence on peacemaking outcomes. We propose that differences in female and male speeches reflected in the gendered patterns in discourse during peacemaking explain how women's influence is curtailed. We examine women's speaking behavior in transitional justice debates in the post-conflict Balkans. Applying multimethod quantitative text analysis to over half a million words in multiple languages, we analyze structural and thematic speech patterns. We find that men's domination of turn-taking and the absence of topics reflecting women's needs and interests lead to a gendered outcome. The sequences of men talking after men are longer than those of women talking after women, which restricts women's deliberative space and opportunities to develop and sustain arguments that reflect their concerns. We find no evidence that women's limited influence is driven by lower deliberative quality of their speeches. This study of gendered dynamics at the microlevel of discourse identifies a novel dimension of male domination during peacemaking.
... These debates produced the commission's draft Statute 3 . Defining the commission's mandate, the document failed to respond to women's concerns, needs and interests, exposing the gender dimension as a weakness of the RECOM's process (Bonora, 2019). The draft Statute did not provide for women's equal inclusion in different facets of the commission's operation, nor did it envisage appropriate procedures to facilitate recognition of women victims of SGBV (although SGBV was listed among abuses to be investigated). ...
The essays in this thesis explore diverse manifestations and different aspects of political text. The two main contributions on the methodological side are bringing forward novel data on political actors who were overlooked by the existing literature and application of new approaches in text analysis to address substantive questions about them. On the theoretical side this thesis contributes to the literatures on lobbying, government transparency, post-conflict studies and gender in politics. In the first paper on interest groups in the UK I argue that contrary to much of the theoretical and empirical literature mechanisms of attaining access to government in pluralist systems critically depend on the presence of limits on campaign spending. When such limits exist, political candidates invest few resources in fund-raising and, thus, most organizations make only very few if any political donations. I collect and analyse transparency data on government department meetings and show that economic importance is one of the mechanisms that can explain variation in the level of access attained by different groups. Furthermore, I show that Brexit had a diminishing effect on this relationship between economic importance and the level of access. I also study the reported purpose of meetings and, using dynamic topic models, show the temporary shifts in policy agenda during this period. The second paper argues that civil society in post-conflict settings is capable of high-quality deliberation and, while differing in their focus, both male and female can deliver arguments pertaining to the interests of broader societal groups. Using the transcripts of civil society public consultation meetings across former Yugoslavia I show that the lack of gender-sensitive transitional justice instruments could stem not from the lack of women’s 3 physical or verbal participation, but from the dynamic of speech enclaves and topical focus on different aspects of transitional justice process between genders. And, finally, the third paper maps the challenges that lie ahead with the proliferation of research that relies on multiple datasets. In a simulation study I show that, when the linking information is limited to text, the noise can potential occur at different levels and is often hard to anticipate in practice. Thus, the choice of record linkage requires balancing between these different scenarios. Taken together, the papers in this thesis advance the field of “text as data” and contribute to our understanding of multiple political phenomena.
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