FLOOD HANDLING SOLUTION BASED ON FLOOD RATE REVIEW AND EFFECTIVE CAPACITY OF RIVER (CASE STUDY OF KRUENG PEUSANGAN WATERSHED)

Abstract

If the functional and structural relationship of space in a watershed does not accordance with the spatial plan, the flood disaster will occur. Uncontrolled space use, such as the reduction of upstream conservation areas, will have an impact on the downstream, such as flooding during the rainy season and dry season drought. Floods that always occurred inevitable since 2010 until now, and it needs to be analyzed, how to avoid the flood that always occurs at Krueng Peusangan Hilir and review the parameters that cause flooding either directly or indirectly. The result of this research indicates that flood hazard will occur continuously every year and tends to increase. This event is caused by the reduction of river and sewer capacity by sedimentation and garbage which increases annually. This is due to the increasingly poor quality of the watershed. From the results of the analysis by powersim software show before the flood control policy was adopted, the flood rate continued to increase from year to year and this was due to the decrease in the effective capacity of the river due to the silting of rivers in the Krueng Peusangan watershed region. In order to prevent the occurrence of effective river degradation, policy is needed to dredge sedimentation and other materials in the river routinely every year, besides socialization done not to dispose of garbage into rivers, and to do land rehabilitation. By continuously implementing the policy every year it decreases the flood level. By 2019 the level of flooding begins to fall with effective river capacity starting constant at 0.968. These conditions provide information on the balance between the ability of the capacity of the river flow with the large amount of water that flows into the sea. Although it costs a lot every year, the seriousness of decision makers and community participation in managing the environment can reduce flood levels.

Full text

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STRENGTHENING FOOD AND FEED SECURITY
AND ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY
TO ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS
STRENGTHENING FOOD AND FEED SECURITY
AND ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY
TO ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS
PROCEEDINGPROCEEDINGPROCEEDING
OF ISAE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAROF ISAE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAROF ISAE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
BANDAR LAMPUNG, AUGUST 10-12, 2017BANDAR LAMPUNG, AUGUST 10-12, 2017BANDAR LAMPUNG, AUGUST 10-12, 2017
ISBN : 978-602-72006-2-3

i
PROCEEDING
OF ISAE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
BANDAR LAMPUNG
AUGUST 10-12, 2017
“Strengthening Food and Feed
Security and Energy Sustainability to
Enhance Competitiveness”
DEPARTEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

iii
PROCEEDING
OF ISAE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
BANDAR LAMPUNG
AUGUST 10-12, 2017
“Strengthening Food and Feed
Security and Energy Sustainability to
Enhance Competitiveness”
EDITORIAL TEAM :
Dr. Ir. Agus Haryanto, M.P.
Dr. Ir. Sugeng Triyono, M.Sc
Sri Waluyo, S.T.P., M.Si., Ph.D.
Dr. Ir. Sandi Asmara, M.Si
Dr. Diding Suhandy, S.T.P, M.Agr.
Dr. Mareli Telaumbanua, S.T.P., M.Sc.
Cicih Sugianti, S.T.P., M.Si.
Winda Rahmawati, S.T.P., M.Sc.
Tri Wahyu Saputra, S.T.P, M.Sc.

iv
PROCEEDING OF ISAE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
BANDAR LAMPUNG, AUGUST 10-12, 2017
“Strengthening Food and Feed Security and Energy Sustainability to Enhance
Competitiveness”
ISBN
:
978-602-72006-2-3
Published by
:
Departement of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Lampung
Address
:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumantri Brojonegoro street, No. 1, Gedong Meneng, Rajabasa,
Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia 35141
E-mail
:
isae@fp.unila.ac.id
Published date
:
February 2018
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Proceeding of ISAE International Seminar, Bandar Lampung, August 10-12, 2017
xix
G.4
APPLICATION METHOD OF BIOCHAR ON THE SOIL AMELIORATION TO INCREASE
PRODUCTION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
Etik Puji Handayani
627
G.5
FLOOD HANDLING SOLUTION BASED ON FLOOD RATE REVIEW AND EFFECTIVE
CAPACITY OF RIVER (CASE STUDY OF KRUENG PEUSANGAN WATERSHED)
Ichwana and Dewi Sri Jayanti
633
G.6
UTILIZATION OF PADDY WASTE AS A SOIL AMENDMENTS AND IT IS EFFECT ON SOIL
PROPERTIES OF ULTISOLS UPLAND EAST LAMPUNG
Junita Barus and Soraya
639
G.7
UTILIZATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR EMPOWERMENT OF CLIMATE
CHANGE-TRIGGERED DISASTER VICTIMS
Prakoso Bhairawa Putera, Rita Nur Suhaeti, Akmadi Abbas
643
G.8
THE LAND CONSERVATION EFFORTS FOR WATERSHED’S HYDROLOGICAL FUNCTION
Sitti Nur Faridah, Mahmud Achmad, Elsa Hasak Almunawwarah
649
G.9
OPTIMIZATION OF BIOFILTRATION PROCESS FOR PRE-TREATMENT OF RAW WATER
FROM POLLUTED RIVER WATER
Suprihatin, Mohamad Yani, Endah Purwa Ari Puspitaningrum
655
G.10
LAND MANAGEMENT FOR FULFILLING REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABILITY OF GRAIN
FOOD
Dewi Sri Jayanti, Mustafril, Ichwana, Fitriani
661
G.11
AGROTECHNOLOGY APPROACH OF LABORATORIUM LAPANG TERPADU FACULTY OF
AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG BY LAND UNITS
Iskandar Zulkarnain, Irwan Sukri Banuwa, Tamaluddin Syam, Henrie Buchari
671
G.12
INTEGRATION OF OPERATION SYSTEM BETWEEN DAM AND WEIR WITH DIFFERENT
TIME BASE FOR IRRIGATION
Ridwan, Putu Sudira, Sahid Susanto, Lilik Sutiarso
681
G.13
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL AND SAND AS MEDIA LAYER IN GREEN ROOF VEGETATED
WITH Arachis pintoi : THERMAL AND WATER QUALITY
Yudi Chadirin, Shinta Agustia, Umniah Hanesti, Miselia Axteria, Kartika Pramesthi, Yanuar
Chandra Wirasembada, Satyanto K. Saptomo
691
H : System and Agricultural Management
H.1
FARMERS RESPOND TO SCHOOL FIELD MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED PLANT CORN
(SLPTT-JAGUNG)
(CASE IN MEKAR LAKSANA FARMER GROUP, ARJASARI SUB-DISTRICT, BANDUNG
DISTRICT)
Hepi Hapsari, Anne Nuraini, Nyi Mas Popi Indriani, Tuti Karyani, Yuyun Yuwariah
695
H.2
THREATS OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN
RURAL AREAS OF WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
Iwan Setiawan, Siska Rasiska, Adi Nugraha
701
H.3
STUDY ON FOOD SECURITY IN RICE PRODUCTION CENTER
(SURVEY IN BUAHDUA DISTRICT, SUMEDANG-WEST JAVA)
Lies Sulistyowati, Ananda Putri Sari, Trisna Insan Noor, Iwan Setiawan, Hepi Hapsari
707
H.4
SEDIMENT YIELD CALCULATION ON A RESERVOIR USING SWAT MODEL
Putu Sudira, Bayu Dwi Apri N, Abdul Holik
715

Proceeding of ISAE International Seminar, Bandar Lampung, August 10-12, 2017
633
G.5
FLOOD HANDLING SOLUTION BASED ON FLOOD RATE REVIEW
AND EFFECTIVE CAPACITY OF RIVER
(CASE STUDY OF KRUENG PEUSANGAN WATERSHED)
Ichwana1 and Dewi Sri Jayanti2
1Agricultural Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Krueng Kalee No.Krueng Kalee No.3 Kopelma-Darussalam Banda Aceh, 23371
Indonesia
E-mail : ichwana.ramli@unsyiah.ac.id ; dewisrijayanti@unsyiah.ac.id
ABSTRACT
If the functional and structural relationship of space in a watershed does not accordance with the spatial
plan, the flood disaster will occur. Uncontrolled space use, such as the reduction of upstream
conservation areas, will have an impact on the downstream, such as flooding during the rainy season
and dry season drought. Floods that always occurred inevitable since 2010 until now, and it needs to be
analyzed, how to avoid the flood that always occurs at Krueng Peusangan Hilir and review the
parameters that cause flooding either directly or indirectly. The result of this research indicates that
flood hazard will occur continuously every year and tends to increase. This event is caused by the
reduction of river and sewer capacity by sedimentation and garbage which increases annually. This is
due to the increasingly poor quality of the watershed. From the results of the analysis by powersim
software show before the flood control policy was adopted, the flood rate continued to increase from
year to year and this was due to the decrease in the effective capacity of the river due to the silting of
rivers in the Krueng Peusangan watershed region. In order to prevent the occurrence of effective river
degradation, policy is needed to dredge sedimentation and other materials in the river routinely every
year, besides socialization done not to dispose of garbage into rivers, and to do land rehabilitation. By
continuously implementing the policy every year it decreases the flood level. By 2019 the level of
flooding begins to fall with effective river capacity starting constant at 0.968. These conditions provide
information on the balance between the ability of the capacity of the river flow with the large amount of
water that flows into the sea. Although it costs a lot every year, the seriousness of decision makers and
community participation in managing the environment can reduce flood levels.
Keywords : flood, capacity of river, sedimentation, powersim, management.
I. INTRODUCTION
As a hydrological unit, the watershed is bounded by the highest topographic lines, where all the water inputs
fall through the tributaries (Sub Watershed) flowing at the lowest points downstream of the river (estuary) as the
output point. The watershed has its characteristics in receiving or absorbing water and flowing it. The most
important factors affecting flooding are rainfall, water catchment and flow topography. Forest cover can also affect
flood levels depending on the area of the watershed [1].
In this connection, each watershed has a water system called hydrological response that is the ratio of the
amount of surface flow to the amount of rainfall that falls on the watershed in a given period. Floods and droughts
show the phenomenon of changes in water system as a natural response to humans. This can be captured as a
phenomenon of natural resource management by humans has caused damage to the water cycle, where rainwater
that falls on the earth quickly becomes the flow of the surface and directly into the river. On the contrary, few are
seeping into the ground. If the rain is an uncontrollable factor, then the water system will depend largely on the
watershed condition. Within the watershed itself there is a variety of land uses. Among other forests, dryland
farming, rice fields, settlements, industrial estates, plantations, and so forth. Mechanism of running rain water to
become river water at outlet following cycle water process (hydrological cycle). So also the erosion and
sedimentation that occurs in the river will increase, and the capacity of the river to the volume of water becomes
reduced so that the river water overflows [2].

Ichwana and Jayanti : Flood Handling Solution Based on Flood...
634
Land use in the Krueng Peusangan Sub-waters has been recently updated and is the most important of all the
hydrological regimes. The permanent alteration of native vegetation and deep roots with shallow -rooted a
vegetation including permanent grasses, annual grasses, and annual crops result in major changes to the
evapotranspiration of catchment areas in general and watersheds. In which, finally will result in the water balance
so that it will obtain the flood index that occurs in the area.Although this is an overview, several studies of the
relationship between flood increase are short-term changes in intense rainfall events [3]. Conversion of forest land
and wetlands also reduces the role of these ecosystems in buffering flood events [4].
Mountain dredging activities are also found around Krueng Peusangan Sub-watershed, which is done by heavy
equipment. Dredging is not only done on vacant land, but also on land that has vegetation. As a result of these
activities resulted in the land area of 10333.4331 ha in sub Krueng Peusangan watershed included in the class of
very severe erosion hazard level. One alternative to control flood or overcome the flood is to increase the public
awareness movement not to throw garbage into the river, to maintain the effectiveness of the river capacity
periodically and to improve the greening in the upper part of Sub Das Krueng Peusangan. Based on the above, it is
necessary to study the level of flood hazard in Krueng Peusangan sub-watershed based on river condition in this
paper to maintain the effective capacity of the river by conducting river dredging periodically so that Krueng
Peusangan Sub DAS to be free from Flood disaster.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Watershed of Krueng Peusangan is located between 5o16'34'' NL - 96o27'12 "E, and the 4o30'38" N -
97o02'40 " L with an area of 2557.80 km2 (Fig. 1). Precipitation data were conducted from Stations of Meteorology
and Climatology of Lhokseumawe and Bebesan Takengon. The data as used in this study were stream flow data
issued by the Office of Water Resources and Headquarter of Krueng Aceh Watershed, Aceh Province (NAD).
Fig. 1. Krueng Peusangan watershed
The analysis of this paper is done with powersim software by plotting the simple causal diagram. The research
method using Dynamics system method using Powersim 2.5 Simulation software resulted in Powersim equation,
causal causal diagram, flow chart, time chart, and time table [5]. The simulation results were analyzed
qualitatively. According to [6] variables in system dynamics are grouped into two types: level (stock) and rate.
Level states the condition of the system at any time (state variable system) rate declares system activity. The
modeling process is required in system research that is because using the model can save research costs and save
time [7].
The causal loop diagram (Fig. 2) describes the flood levels in the Krueng Peusangan Sub-watershed based on
the increased flood index due to Watershed damage, the water containment or the amount of pervasive water
decreases so that the runoff increases. The higher the flood index, the flood rate will increase so that the potential
for higher flooding. In this case a positive loop builds up.

Proceeding of ISAE International Seminar, Bandar Lampung, August 10-12, 2017
635
Fig. 2. Causal Diagram
Fig. 3. Flow Chart as Flood Solution
Siltation of the river caused by the high rate of siltation of the river (due to erosion and sedimentation) must
be accompanied by the dredging of sediment or material that drifts in the river so that the siltation of the river
decreases. Because one of the policies implemented through PROKASIH program in overcoming the flood is river
dredging. It is intended that the river's effective capacity to accommodate water volume would be increased. So if
the river effectiveness capacity increases then the rate of flood reduction also increases, and the flood level will
decrease (in this case the negative build is formed).
Powersim Equation
init Siltation_of_the_river = 115
flow Siltation_of_the_river = -dt* River_Dredging_Rate
+dt*Siltation_of_the_river
doc Siltation_of_the_river = The height of siltation of the river due to various drifting materials or deposited
material in the river
init Flood_level = 105
flow Flood_level = -dt*Flood_reduction_rate
+dt*flood_rate
doc Flood_level = the rate of flood in krueng peusangan
aux flood_rate = Flood_Index*Flood_Level
aux Siltation_of_the_river = IF(TIME>=2010, number_of_siltation_of_the_river, 1)
doc Siltation_of_the_river = Accumulation of sediment /material in the river
aux River_Dredging_Rate = TIMECYCLE(2012,1)* Siltation_of_the_river
doc River_Dredging_Rate = River dredging rate is the effort to reduce flooding with the reduction of
sedimentation
aux Flood_reduction_rate=IF(TIME>=2012, The_efective_capacity_of_river*Angka_penurunan_banjir, 1)
aux The_efective_capacity_of_river=(River_Capacity-River_Shallow)/River_Capacity
doc The_efective_capacity_of_river = The height of water that can be accommodated by the river Krueng
Peusangan Sub Watershed
const number_of_river_shallow = 1250

Ichwana and Jayanti : Flood Handling Solution Based on Flood...
636
const Number_of_flood_reduction_rate = 16
const Flood_Index = 0.11
doc Flood_Index = The constant increase of flood per year caused by the decreasing of land as water
absorption
const River_Capacity = 40000
doc River_Capacity = The constant volume of water that can flow through existing streams and channels
Dimension Analysis
 River_Shallow = -dt* River_Dredging_Rate
 +dt* River_Shallow_Rate
 Flood_level = -dt* Flood_reduction_rate +dt* flood_rate
 River_Dredging_Rate = TIMECYCLE(2012,1)* River_Shallow
 Flood_level = Flood_Index * Flood_level
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Floods are affected by drainage water conditions, river water height, character and soil status (permeability,
soil moisture content and vertical distribution), urbanization rate, embankment buildings, dams and reservoirs.
The proximity of the area to sea level, river flooding can coincide with storm surges or tidal events [8].
The drainage pattern is strongly influenced by the type and structure of the existing soil. Each watershed has a
different drainage pattern, can be grouped three patterns namely dendritic, parallel, and rectangular [10]. The
drainage pattern analysis is based on river network map data. The results show that Krueng Peusangan watershed
has a branch-shaped flow pattern that can be classified into dendritic flow patterns. Dendritic patterns generally
occur in areas with uniform rocks and wide distribution. In several sub watersheds are encountered streams with
parallel patterns and dendritic and rectangular combinations.
The length of the river is the distance on the earth's surface as measured from the river mouth upstream and
the width of the river is the distance from one side to the other side of the river. In general, the longer the river,
the difference between the width of the upstream and downstream rivers will be greater. River slope factors also
affect the width of the river where the more rapid a river the river will tend to widen. The length of the river is
calculated from the point oulet Laut Tawar Lake up to the estuary of approximately 130 km. The width of the
Krueng Peusangan River is relatively uniform, i.e 49 m upstream, 51.8 m in center and 54 m downstream.
Functional and structural relationship of space in a watershed, if not by the spatial plan that has been
established with the legislation then the flood disaster will occur. Added with the uncontrolled use of space such
as the reduction of upstream conservation areas, will have an impact on the downstream such as flooding in the
rainy season and drought during the dry season. Flood problems are generally caused by three main issues, which
are :
 River water flows due to the discharge of rainfall that flows into the river which exceeds the capacity of the
river channel and the non-functioning of the water catchment area, green spaces and puddles that exceed the
capacity of its capacity.
 At the time of the tide along with the rainfall overflowing river water.
 High rainfall and insufficient water flow in the drainage canal and exacerbated by a malfunctioning sanitation
system.
The problem can not be solved by land use arrangements and planning, river dredging. Because the dynamics
of regional development must be by changing land use or land conversion. And not infrequently. Therefore there
should be other alternatives to avoid flooding as a result. One of them is with the construction of buildings or
spatial can also be done on this flood solution can be done by maintaining the effectiveness of the existing river in
the Watershed.
The slope of the river greatly affects the flow rate, damage, and erosion. The greater the slope of a river the
greater the energy possessed by the river flow which in the drainage will have an impact on water buildings as
well as abrasion on the banks of the river. Also, the slope of a river is also closely related to the length of water
flowing from a point furthest downstream. The increasing volume of runoff will cause the high failure of the dam
function as well as the environmental and socio-economic damage is also high [10].
Different river slope for each tributary is the slope of river Krueng Peusangan 0.002% the greater the slope of
a river, the greater the flow rate of the river to increase the risk of river cliffs that cause erosion and sedimentation.
Krueng Peusangan watershed has a drainage density that can be classified into medium category with a density
index of 0.84. While the density index of the sub-watershed ranges from 0.37 to 1.39. The drainage density
obtained for each basin is smaller than 1.74, this means that Krueng Peusangan watershed has ugly surface
drainage characteristics, many occurrences of puddles and frequent floods are also sedimentation zones.
Floods that always occur inevitable since from 2010 until now so it needs to be analysis, how to avoid the flood
that always hit in Krueng Peusangan. It is therefore necessary to review appropriately the parameters that cause
floods either directly or indirectly. Factors that cause flooding in a watershed are:

Proceeding of ISAE International Seminar, Bandar Lampung, August 10-12, 2017
637
 The occurrence of silting the river channel, the slope of the river slope and the narrowing of the river channel,
caused by sedimentation and erosion due to illegal logging and forest fires. Disturbance of drainage and
sanitation system due to garbage dumping, due to undisputed use of river banks as embedded land and as
residential areas.
 Reduction of land that serves as an airborne area due to land conversion / spatial change.
 Illegal logging and forest fires on protected forests result in changing water conditions.
 The impact of climate change where rainfall is very high, the increase of sea water from the tide.
Table 1. Relation time, flood level and the effective capacity of river from simulation
Time
Flood Level
The Efective Capacity Of River
2.010
105,00
0,997
2.011
116,13
0,966
2.012
128,55
0,935
2.013
127,42
0,952
2.014
126,01
0,96
2.015
124,35
0,964
2.016
122,47
0,967
2.017
120,35
0,968
2.018
117,97
0,968
2.019
115,32
0,968
2.020
112,35
0,969
2.021
109,04
0,969
2.022
105,34
0,969
2.023
101,21
0,969
2.024
96,60
0,969
2.025
91,46
0,969
Fig. 4. Simulasi food level for time
Fig 5. Simulation of the effectiveness capacity of the river for time

Ichwana and Jayanti : Flood Handling Solution Based on Flood...
638
From the analysis results seen in the time table (Table 1), simulation (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) before the flood control
policy was adopted, the flood rate continued to increase from year to year and this was due to the decrease in the
effective capacity of the river due to the silting of rivers in the Krueng Peusangan watershed region. To prevent
the decrease of river's effective capacity in the year 2012 then the policy is taken to undertake the dredging of
sedimentation and other materials in the river regularly every year, besides socialization done not to throw
garbage into the river, and to do reforestation movement. In general, peak discharge in urban areas is higher with
a shorter time than in rural areas [11], [12].
Sub watersheds that have high drainage densities will be better hydrological conditions when compared with
low drainage density watersheds. This is due to the increasing drainage density, rain water will be spread evenly
into the tributaries, and before entering the main river the water has a longer time and more seep into the soil
which will ultimately increase the availability of underground water.
As a result of these activities seen from the simulations conducted by using powersim in 2012 the effective
capacity of the river began to show an increase with the dredging of sedimentation in the river. By continuously
running the policy it is seen in the time table every year decreased the flood level. By 2019 the level of flooding
begins to fall with effective river capacity starting constantly at 0.968. This means that the prokasih program that
began to show results in 2019. The condition also provides information on the balance between the ability of the
flow capacity the river, same as the number of water that flows into the sea, so there is no water that overflows as
a flood. Even though it costs huge amounts every year, the river dredging policy can reduce the flood rate.
IV. CONCLUSION
The modeling results for this case indicate the dangers of flooding will occur continuously every year and tend
to increase. This event is caused by the reduction of river and sewer capacity by sedimentation and garbage which
increases annually. This is due to the increasingly poor quality of the watershed and the changing climate. In this
simulation the climate change factor and the quality of the watershed are not precisely specified coefficients
because it is assumed to be the rate of flood increase that is influenced by the flood index that is estimated at the
Peusangan river.
The policy actions taken by dredging the sedimentation that occurs in the rivers seem to result. However, any
policies taken in dealing with floods will depend on the seriousness of the decision makers and the participation
of the community in managing the environment.
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