Thesis

Approche de gestion orientée service pour l'Internet des objets (IoT) considérant la Qualité de Service (QoS)

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Abstract

L’Internet des Objets (IoT) est déjà omniprésent aujourd’hui : domotique, bâtiments connectés ou ville intelligente, beaucoup d’initiatives et d’innovations sont en cours et à venir. Le nombre d’objets connectés ne cesse de croître à tel point que des milliards d’objets sont attendus dans un futur proche.L’approche de cette thèse met en place un système de gestion autonomique pour des systèmes à base d’objets connectés, en les combinant avec d’autres services comme par exemple des services météo accessibles sur internet. Les modèles proposés permettent une prise de décision autonome basée sur l’analyse d’évènements et la planification d’actions exécutées automatiquement. Des paramètres comme le temps d’exécution ou l’énergie consommée sont aussi considérés afin d’optimiser les choix d’actions à effectuer et de services utilisés. Un prototype concret a été réalisé dans un scénario de ville intelligente et de bus connectés dans le projet investissement d'avenir S2C2.

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... Nowadays, the application domains in IoT are vast, and the challenges are still numerous: both syntactic and semantic interoperability problems, the complexity of managing these complex systems and integrating them with other systems as well as already existing services (Guillaume, 2018). Distant object identification is still a relevant issue. ...
... In the context of energy, it answers major issues: depletion of natural resources, increasing global energy needs and lack of human labor. The European Union officially adopted a 20-20-20 renewable energy directive setting climate change reduction targets for the next decade (Guillaume, 2018). Including the objective of having a good gas reduction, better energy efficiency and a 20% increase in the use of renewable energies by 2020. ...
... A necessary first step is syntactic interoperability: being able to use different technologies in a transparent and homogeneous way by integrating heterogeneous and incompatible technologies. An additional step lies in semantic interoperability: being able to use different technologies in a harmonised way is one thing; However, allowing systems to automatically understand the different data produced by these heterogeneous sensors with disparate data formalism remains a challenge (Guillaume, 2018). ...
... Every day, uncounted connected objects are integrated into our environment. Their number is growing to such an extent that billions of objects are expected in the near future [1]. Indeed, all these connected physical objects will make it possible to provide new services through sensors (temperature, motion, pollution, etc.), actuators (remotely controllable devices acting on the environment), and other entities. ...
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... For real-time monitoring, immediate management of any outbreak of fire and even the assistance of specialized personnel, a network of sensors coupled with Cloud Computing constitutes an appropriate and efficient set of tools. The Internet of Objects (IoT), through its successful integration into several application areas of everyday life, imposes its technology as being the most promising for the management of problems of this type [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]. Despite the difficulties of re-adapting the mainly security solutions of classical IT for the IoT, current work increasingly defines standards to facilitate the integration of security solutions that are a little more encompassing [14] [15] [16]. ...
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... L'IoT est un réseau formé de capteur et d'actionneur, qui permet de développer des applications innovantes pour le partage des informations sur des plateformes, via un cadre unique. Sur IEEEXplore on a plus de 10000 (dix milles) journaux d'articles pour la période 2010-2020 ce qui certifie la volonté de cette technologie de rendre intelligent tout ce qui était non envisageable [1]. Malgré son large déploiement et son fonctionnement autonome (communication, traitement des données), trois problèmes majeurs perdurent dans cet environnement: performance de calcul, limitation en espace de stockage, limitation d'énergie [2]. ...
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Web service selection is an indispensable process for web service composition as to select best web service to a client's requirement. As many web services are increased in the internet for similar functionality, which service will be the best for the client requirement is an elusive task for web service operators. In this paper, we have proposed a web service selection model used to select best web service based on QoS Constraints. The QoS manager actuates as an agent for service providers and clients to perform publish and find web service operations. QoSDB caters the needs to store the details of QoS of a web service. The QoS attributes of a web service such as response time, throughput, reliability, availability and cost are optimized and ranked by our algorithm, the rank value will be stored in the QoSDB. To find a web service, the user has to specify the functional details of a web service and its QoS values which are required to identify the list of services which are matched with the given criteria. Moreover, the user has to set the threshold value for response time and throughput which are used to filter the related services from the list. For each web service request, the QoS manager asses the request and list of pertinent candidate services which are matched with the requirement will be filtered and provided to the client for setting the preferences over the QoS attributes. The highest ranked service will be provided to the client for further processing.
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Ubiquitous sensing enabled by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies cuts across many areas of modern day living. This offers the ability to measure, infer and understand environmental indicators, from delicate ecologies and natural resources to urban environments. The proliferation of these devices in a communicating-actuating network creates the Internet of Things (IoT), wherein, sensors and actuators blend seamlessly with the environment around us, and the information is shared across platforms in order to develop a common operating picture (COP). Fuelled by the recent adaptation of a variety of enabling device technologies such as RFID tags and readers, near field communication (NFC) devices and embedded sensor and actuator nodes, the IoT has stepped out of its infancy and is the the next revolutionary technology in transforming the Internet into a fully integrated Future Internet. As we move from www (static pages web) to web2 (social networking web) to web3 (ubiquitous computing web), the need for data-on-demand using sophisticated intuitive queries increases significantly. This paper presents a cloud centric vision for worldwide implementation of Internet of Things. The key enabling technologies and application domains that are likely to drive IoT research in the near future are discussed. A cloud implementation using Aneka, which is based on interaction of private and public clouds is presented. We conclude our IoT vision by expanding on the need for convergence of WSN, the Internet and distributed computing directed at technological research community.
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We consider a graph with n vertices, all pairs of which are connected by an edge; each edge is of given positive length. The following two basic problems are solved. Problem 1: construct the tree of minimal total length between the n vertices. (A tree is a graph with one and only one path between any two vertices.) Problem 2: find the path of minimal total length between two given vertices.
Conference Paper
At present, the service composition has been a popular research. It is unrealistic to manually analyze and compose the existing services appearing with tremendous growth recently. So, many applications and research about composite services emphasize on semi-automatic mode. In semi-automatic service composition, developers should construct the process model according to concrete application requirement, and then the instance services are bound automatically for every abstract task and make the composite service with optimal performance. The paper presents independent global constrains-aware Web service composition method based on extended color Petri net (eCPN) and genetic algorithm (GA). Firstly, an eCPN modeling methods which can describe multi-attribute multi-constraint relations and associate relation between component services is proposed. Secondly, combining with the properties of eCPN, GA is used to search a legal firing sequence in the eCPN model, and the composite service corresponding to the legal firing sequence. Using legal firing sequences of the Petri net makes the service composition locating space based on GA shrink greatly. Theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that this method owns both lower computation cost and higher success ratio of service composition.
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Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) have emerged as a new paradigm to develop interoperable and highly dynamic applications.ObjectiveThis paper aims to identify the state of the art in the research on testing in Service Oriented Architectures with dynamic binding.MethodA mapping study has been performed employing both manual and automatic search in journals, conference/workshop proceedings and electronic databases.ResultsA total of 33 studies have been reviewed in order to extract relevant information regarding a previously defined set of research questions. The detection of faults and the decision making based on the information gathered from the tests have been identified as the main objectives of these studies. To achieve these goals, monitoring and test case generation are the most proposed techniques testing both functional and non-functional properties. Furthermore, different stakeholders have been identified as participants in the tests, which are performed in specific points in time during the life cycle of the services. Finally, it has been observed that a relevant group of studies have not validated their approach yet.ConclusionsAlthough we have only found 33 studies that address the testing of SOA where the discovery and binding of the services are performed at runtime, this number can be considered significant due to the specific nature of the reviewed topic. The results of this study have contributed to provide a body of knowledge that allows identifying current gaps in improving the quality of the dynamic binding in SOA using testing approaches.
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In many systems a number of different processes have a similar structure and behaviour. To shorten system description and system analysis it is desirable to be able to treat such similar processes in a uniform and succinct way. In this paper it is shown how Petri nets can be generalized to allow processes to be described by a common subnet, without losing the ability to distinguish between them. Our generalization, called coloured Petri nets, is heavily influenced by predicate transition-nets introduced by H.J. Genrich and K. Lautenbach. Moreover our paper shows how the invariant-method, introduced for Petri nets by K. Lautenbach, can be generalized to coloured Petri nets.
Conference Paper
Governments from all over the world are looking for technologies to facilitate the coordination of their inter-agency processes in order to improve the service-delivery to their customers. Web Service Orchestration (WSO) technology supports the coordination of cross-departmental processes. The advantages of WSO for governments, however, are not very clear. As a result, governments hesitate to adopt orchestration technology.Advantages of WSO, as found in literature, have a narrow-focus, mainly concerning technological advantages. The advantages of Workflow Management (WFM), a related technology that has been around for years, are much broader. We found a large gap between the advantages that were found for WSO and WFM. We conducted a case study at a business counter to test whether the advantages of WSO and WFM as found in literature were also found for a practical application of WSO.
Conference Paper
This paper presents an ongoing work developing and testing a Service Composition framework based upon the REST architecture named SECREST. A minimalistic approach have been favored instead of a creating a complete infrastructure. One focus has been on the system's interaction model. Indeed, an aim is to allow users in different healthcare scenarios to experiment with service composition to support highly individual and changing needs.
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Web service compositions need to adapt to changes in their constituent web services, in order to maintain functionality and performance. Therefore, service compositions must be able to detect web service failure and performance degradation resulting in the violation of service-level agreements. Automated diagnosis and repair are equally important. However, existing standards and languages for service compositions, such as BPEL, lack constructs for web service monitoring and runtime adaptability, which are pre-requisites for diagnosis and repair. We present a solution for transparent runtime monitoring, as well as automated performance degradation detection, diagnosis, and repair for service compositions expressed as BPEL processes. Our solution uses lightweight monitoring techniques, supports customizable diagnosis and repair strategies, and is compatible with any standards-compliant BPEL engine.
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The major factor driving the development of contemporary information services, and in particular Web services, is the need for added value. The creation of a huge variety of complex, value-added, although rarely used services seems a bulky approach, whose efficiency is at least questionable. An excellent alternative is the composition of ready-made, more general and simple services for creation of complex value-added functionality on-demand. However, to be really effective such composition has to be real-time, automatic, reliable, and allow thorough customization of the service functionality with respect to user demands and preferences. In this paper we propose a service composition approach based on a Petri nets modeling technique. The approach facilitates automatic and goal-driven creation of composite Web services
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A new ontology development paradigm has started; its emphasis lies on the reuse and possible subsequent reengineering of knowledge resources, on the collaborative and argumentative ontology development, and on the building of ontology networks; this new trend is the opposite of building new ontologies from scratch. To help ontology developers in this new paradigm, it is important to provide strong methodological support. This thesis presents some contributions to the methodological area of the Ontology Engineering field that we are sure will improve the development and building of ontologies networks, and thus, - It proposes the NeOn Glossary of Processes and Activities, which identifies and defines the processes and activities potentially involved when ontology networks are collaboratively built. - It defines a set of two ontology network life cycle models. - It identifies and describes a collection of nine scenarios for building ontology networks. - It provides some methodological guidelines for performing the ontology requirements specification activity, to obtain the requirements that the ontology should fulfil. - It offers some methodological guidelines for obtaining the ontology network life cycle for a concrete ontology network, as part of scheduling ontology projects. Additionally, the thesis provides the technological support to these guidelines: a tool called gOntt. - It also proposes some methodological guidelines for the reuse of ontological resources at two different levels of granularity: as a whole (general ontologies and domain ontologies) and using ontology statements.
Conference Paper
Web services are new forms of Internet software that can be universally deployed and invoked using standard protocol. Services from different providers can be integrated to provide composite services. In this paper, we study the end-to-end QoS issues of composite service by utilizing a QoS broker that is responsible for coordinating the individual service component to meet the quality constraint. We design the service selection algorithms used by QoS brokers to meet end-to-end QoS constraints. The objective of the algorithms is to maximize the user-defined utility while meeting the end-to-end delay constraint. We model the problem as the multiple choice knapsack problem (MCKP) and provide efficient solutions. The algorithms are tested for their performance.
Article
Advents in network technology and distributed system design have propelled network communication service beyond best effort data delivery. With the rising complexity of network infrastructures and the need for on-demand provisioning operations, a high degree of self-sufficiency and automation is required in the network service infrastructure. Guided by the autonomic communication principle, this paper first presents an autonomic service provisioning framework for establishing quality-of-service (QoS)-assured end-to-end communication paths across administratively independent domains. Through graph abstraction, we show that the domain composition and adaptation problem could be reduced to the classic k-multiconstrained optimal path (MCOP) problem. In analyzing existing k-MCOP solutions, we show their inefficiencies when applied to the service provisioning context and establish a number of new domain composition and adaptation algorithms. These new algorithms are designed for the self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-adaptation of end-to-end network communications and can provide hard QoS guarantees over domains with relative QoS differentiations. Through in-depth experimentations, we compare the performance of our algorithms with classic k-MCOP solutions and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Article
A goal of runtime software-fault monitoring is to observe software behavior to determine whether it complies with its intended behavior. Monitoring allows one to analyze and recover from detected faults, providing additional defense against catastrophic failure. Although runtime monitoring has been in use for over 30 years, there is renewed interest in its application to fault detection and recovery, largely because of the increasing complexity and ubiquitous nature of software systems. We present taxonomy that developers and researchers can use to analyze and differentiate recent developments in runtime software fault-monitoring approaches. The taxonomy categorizes the various runtime monitoring research by classifying the elements that are considered essential for building a monitoring system, i.e., the specification language used to define properties; the monitoring mechanism that oversees the program's execution; and the event handler that captures and communicates monitoring results. After describing the taxonomy, the paper presents the classification of the software-fault monitoring systems described in the literature.
Energyaware services composition for Internet of Things
[Alsaryrah 2018] Osama Alsaryrah, Ibrahim Mashal et Tein Yaw Chung. Energyaware services composition for Internet of Things. IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things, WF-IoT 2018 -Proceedings, vol. 2018-Janua, pages 604-608, 2018. (Cité en pages 13 et 16.)
Saied Asghari et Nima Jafari Navimipour. Nature inspired metaheuristic algorithms for solving the service composition problem in the cloud environments
[Asghari 2018] Saied Asghari et Nima Jafari Navimipour. Nature inspired metaheuristic algorithms for solving the service composition problem in the cloud environments. International Journal of Communication Systems, no. January, page e3708, 5 2018. (Cité en pages 13 et 14.)