Studies of Grafting Height on Success of Softwood Grafting in Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

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Karna and Varu Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (6): 435-438 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051
Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2018; IJPAB 435
Studies of Grafting Height on Success of Softwood Grafting in Mango
(Mangifera indica L.)
Ajay Kumar Karna* and D. K.Varu
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University,
Junagadh-362001, Gujarat, India
*Corresponding Author E-mail: akkarna93@gmail.com
Received: 13.11.2018 | Revised: 21.12.2018 | Accepted: 27.12.2018
INTRODUCTION
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important
fruit crop belonging to family anacardiaceae is
very popular among all parts of India. It is also
called the king of fruits and known as national
fruit of India. The agro climactic conditions
prevailing in Gujarat is very congenial for
mango cultivation and provides splendid scope
for mango cultivation. Among the various
constraints for expanding the mango
cultivation, lack of availability of suitable
planting material is one of the important
drawbacks to increase the area of mango
cultivation. Though, seed propagation is the
most common method of propagation, which
is not produce true to plants which have long
gestation period and produce irregular fruit
size with inferior quality. So propagation by
asexual method is generally followed for
successful cultivation. Mostly, mangoes are
vegetative propagated by inarching, veneer
grafting, epicotyl grafting, softwood grafting
etc. Among those softwood grafting is
generally followed which is easy to handle and
quite efficient as well as grafts can normally
raised within a year, thus reducing cost of
raising grafts considerably. Though other
method such as veneer grafting and air
layering is followed and it is time consuming
and low multiplication rate of grafts. Hence,
the present investigations were under taken to
standardize the height of seedling rootstock in
mango on success of softwood grafting in
mango.
Available online at www.ijpab.com
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7058
ISSN: 2320 – 7051
Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (6): 435-438 (2018)
ABSTRACT
A research was carried out during 2015-16 in Department of Horticulture, College of
Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh to find out the effect of grafting height
on success of softwood grafting in mango. Variation due to different grafting height was found
significant and among different grafting height significantly, highest graft success percentage
(59.44 %), survival percentage (49.44 %) maximum shoot length of scion (13.61 cm), total
number of leaves (12.77), plant height (75.23 cm) and stock girth (9.33 mm) were recorded at 60
cm (H3) followed by H2. However, maximum scion girth (8.58 mm) was recorded at 40 cm (H2).
Likewise, lowest shoot length (11.91 cm), total number of leaves (10.84), plant height (33.07 cm),
scion girth (7.42 mm) and stock girth (8.55 mm) were noted in 20 cm (H1).
Key words: Mango, Height, Success percentage, Growth parameter.
Research Article
Cite this article: Karna, A.K. and Varu, D.K., Studies of Grafting Height on Success of Softwood Grafting
in Mango (Mangifera indica L.), Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6(6): 435-438 (2018).
doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7058

Karna and Varu Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (6): 435-438 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051
Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2018; IJPAB 436
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The present investigation was carried out at
Fruit Research Station, Sakkarbaug,
Department of Horticulture, College of
Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University,
Junagadh during 2015-16 to study the effect of
grafting height on success of softwood grafting
in mango. The experiment was laid out in
completely randomized design with factorial
concept with three repetitions. For rootstock
purpose, sowing mango stones of local variety
in black polyethylene bag and the mango stone
are sown in 1st June 2015 and seedling are
ready for grafting on particular date as per
programme from 15th August 2015 to 30th
October 2015 with different grafting height
20cm (H1), 40 cm (H2) and 60 cm (H3) on
rootstock. For scion mature and healthy
terminal shoots of more than 3 month of age
were selected from Kesar cultivar of mango. It
should be 10-15 cm long. Procuring was done
7-10 days before grafting. Then softwood
grafting is followed as per the standard
procedure described by R. S. Amin. Five
representative plants from each treatment were
selected and observed with regard to the days
to shoot emergence, success and survival
percentage, shoot length of scion, number of
leaves, plant height, scion girth and stock
girth. The observations were recorded two
month after grafting operation at 30 days
interval until 120 days after grafting.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The data revealed that the variation due to
treatment like different grafting height was
found unable to create significant influence on
days to shoot emergence. However, minimum
days taken least time for sprout initiation when
grafting was done at 40 cm. It might be due to
well established, vigorous shoot and root,
more food reserved in rootstock seedlings.
Furthermore, too young and old tissues are not
fit for complete union. This view was
supported by Jagidar et al.3 and Mandal et al.6
in mango.
Result was also found significant and
maximum success percentage (59.44 %) was
recorded in 60 cm (H3). lower success
percentage (49.44 %) was observed in 20 cm
(H1). Similarly, survival percentage was also
found significant when grafting was done at
higher grafting height i.e. 60 cm on rootstock
(H3). The highest survival percentage (49.44
%) was noted in 60 cm grafting height and was
at par with H2 (43.88 %) at 40 cm and lower
survival percentage (42.22 %) was recorded in
20 cm grafting height (H1) during 120 days
after grafting. It may be due to higher cambial
activity of softwood in the rootstock. The
results are also confirmed with Gandhoke2,
Kumar et al.
5
and Kumar et al.
5
in mango;
Pathak and Srivastava
8
in apple and
Sharma and Chauhan
9
in walnut.
Variation in different grafting height
was found significant and maximum shoot
lengths (11.91, 12.67 and 13.61 cm) were
observed in 60 cm grafting height (H3) during
60, 90 and 120 DAG, respectively. Likewise,
minimum shoot lengths (10.01, 10.81 and
11.91 cm) were recorded in 20 cm grafting
height (H1) at 60, 90 and 120 days after
grafting. It might be optimum numbers of
leaves are retained on rootstock which causes
more production of synthesized food material
by the leaves. These photosynthates must have
helped in the cambial activity for healing of
the graft union. The roots also nourish
properly and the strong root system might
have absorbed more nutrients from the soils
thereby increasing the shoot length of scion on
the grafted plants. Incase of number of leaves,
it was also found significant and maximum
number of leaves (9.06, 10.92 and 10.84) were
recorded at 60 cm height (H3) while, minimum
number of leaves (7.22, 9.06 and 10.84) were
noted with 20 cm grafting (H1) during 60, 90
and 120 Days after grafting, respectively. The
highest number of leaves might be due to
photosynthetic accumulation in newly grafted
plants which in turns increased the number of
nodes and absorption of nodes and absorption
of nutrients by leaf primordial. The result was
supported by Mandal et al.6 in mango and
Synman and Fraser10 in passion fruit.
Ample differences were found in plant
height of the graft due to assortment of
different grafting height. The maximum plant

Karna and Varu Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (6): 435-438 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051
Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2018; IJPAB 437
heights (72.22, 73.89 & 75.23 cm) were
observed at 60 cm (H3) during 60, 90 & 120
DAG. Whereas, lowest plants height (30.60,
31.78 and 33.07 cm) were noted in 20 cm
grafting height (H1) during all periodicals.
Result was also found significant
and maximum scion girths (6.79, 7.51 &
8.58 mm) were recorded in 40 cm (H
2
) at
60, 90 and 120 DAG, respectively as
compared to other grafting height. The
above findings may happened due to the
longer time available for growth in
meristamatic cells coupled with better
physiological processes along with better
graft union due to better contact of
cambium layers of the stock and scion
causes increase in scion growth. This result
are in accordance with Bajpai et al.
1
,
Kelaskar et al.
4
, Kumar et al.
5
and Mandal
et al.
6
in mango.
Significantly highest stock girths of grafts
were recorded when grafted on 60 cm height
on rootstock (H3) and the minimum girth of
rootstock was recorded at 20 cm height on
rootstock. The increase in stock girth at higher
grafting height may be due to the increase in
leaf number and leaf area resulting into more
synthesis of photosynthates. It is in conformity
with the observations of Nalage et al.7 in
mango.
Table 1: Effect of grafting height on days to shoot emergence, success percentage of grafts and survival
percentage of grafts after 120 days after grafting
Treatment
Days to shoot emergence
Success percentage of graft (%)
Survival percentage of graft (%)
20 cm (H1)
13.46
49.44
42.22
40 cm (H2)
13.32
51.11
43.88
60 cm (H3)
13.64
59.44
49.44
S.Em.±
0.025
1.851
2.34
C.D. at 5 %
NS
5.34
6.77
C.V. %
5.05
10.82
14.63
Table 2: Effect of grafting height on shoot length, number of leaves and plant height at 60, 90 and 120
days after grafting (DAG)
Treatment
60 DAG
90 DAG
120 DAG
Shoot
length
(cm)
Number
of leaves
Plant
height
(cm)
Shoot
length
(cm)
Number
of leaves
Plant
height
(cm)
Shoot
length
(cm)
Number
of leaves
Plant
height
(cm)
20 cm (H1)
10.01
7.22
30.60
10.81
9.26
31.78
11.91
10.84
33.07
40 cm (H2)
10.74
7.86
51.00
11.75
9.87
52.37
12.76
11.79
53.66
60 cm (H3)
11.91
9.06
72.22
12.67
10.92
73.89
13.61
12.77
75.23
S.Em.±
0.018
0.013
0.045
0.013
0.011
0.064
0.007
0.013
0.072
C.D. at 5 %
0.05
0.04
0.13
0.04
0.03
0.18
0.02
0.03
0.21
C.V. %
5.30
6.22
1.76
4.19
4.60
2.04
2.58
3.44
2.12
Table 3: Effect of grafting height on scion and stock girth at 60, 90 and 120 days after grafting (DAG)
Treatment
60 DAG
90 DAG
120 DAG
Scion girth
(mm)
Stock girth
(mm)
Scion girth
(mm)
Stock girth
(mm)
Scion girth
(mm)
Stock girth
(mm)
20 cm (H1)
5.67
7.13
6.61
7.83
7.42
8.55
40 cm (H2)
6.79
8.03
7.51
8.03
8.58
8.82
60 cm (H3)
6.17
8.50
7.11
8.50
7.86
9.33
S.Em.±
0.006
0.002
0.005
0.003
0.004
0.002
C.D. (P= 0.05)
0.02
0.007
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.007
C.V. (%)
5.15
3.17
3.83
3.16
3.17
2.40

Karna and Varu Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (6): 435-438 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051
Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2018; IJPAB 438
CONCLUSION
Based on the present investigation on, “Effect
of grafting height on success of softwood
grafting in mango (Mangifera indica L.)”, it
can be concluded that softwood grafting at a
height of 60 cm recorded maximum shoot
length of scion, success percentage, leaves per
graft, plant height, stock girth and maximum
survival percentage. Whereas, lowest days to
shoot emergence and maximum scion girth of
grafts were recorded when grafting were done
at 40 cm height on rootstock.
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