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El papel de la investigación científica como apoyo al sector pesquero artesanal
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Abstract
Esta intervención presenta un análisis crítico y una visión personal de la relación entre organizaciones de pescadores y biólogos basado en la experiencia de nuestro grupo de investigación en el trabajo con las cofradías de pescadores gallegas. Se discutirán las causas del divorcio existente entre científicos y pescadores y se plantearán las vías de acción que podrían dar lugar a cambios y contribuir a la sostenibilidad económica y ecológica de las pesquerías costeras.
... Based on the systematic literature review conducted in this research, our results showed that the main fisheries management systems studied in Galician SSF during the last three decades are -in this order of importance-co-management systems (including Territorial Users' Rights, TURFs) (Freire and García-Allut, 2000;Freire, 2004;Fernández-Boán et al., 2013;Casal et al., 2020;Garza-Gil et al., 2020), TACs for those species under the Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union, inputs-effort-outputs for the coastal fleet (Villasante, 2009), the development of a new Marine Reserve of Fishing Interest (Fernández-Márquez, 2015;Tubío, 2015;Fernández-Vidal, 2017), and using private and/or public exploitation concessions to develop shellfishing activities for sedentary species in intertidal and subtidal waters (Macho et al., 2013;Pascual-Fernández et al., 2020). ...
... Regarding the analysis of key drivers affecting the sustainability of Galician SSF, our results indicated that overexploitation of commercial species has been the most predominant factor documented over time (Freire and García-Allut, 2000;Freire, 2004;Villasante, 2009;Fernández-Vidal, 2017;Pita et al., 2018;Garza-Gil et al., 2020). About 40% of the publications here analyzed point to overexploitation as the main factor affecting Galician SSF. ...
... Other key drivers documented in the scientific literature are the problem of unreported catches (Simon et al., 1996;Otero, 2006;Villasante et al., 2015), the loss of fishers' traditional knowledge (Freire and García-Allut, 2000), the lack of trust between fishers and scientists (Freire, 2004), the role of commercialization in providing attractive prices to secure fishing activities (García-Allut, 2006), or the still insufficient studies in SSF focusing on the socio-economic dimension (Outeiro et al., 2018). Several factors have been studied when analyzing transformative changes of marine SES Gelcich et al., 2010). ...
The Galician small-scale fisheries sector has been experiencing important changes. The presence of a wide range of ecological, economic, social and institutional drivers have forced the statu quo towards new transitions with the potential to generate desirable transformative changes. Sustainability transformations mean that changes fundamentally alter the entire system’s ecological and/or social properties and functions. However, there is a limited understanding of how a transformative change may look in small-scale fisheries, when and by whom it can be triggered, supported and implemented. To cover this research gap, the objectives of this paper are twofold: to document the current state of the art of Galician small-scale fisheries, and to evaluate the innovations and changes that occurred between 1990 and 2020, to explore whether such changes have scaled-up as seeds of desirable transformative changes and, if not, what obstacles and/or barriers have been identified in the scientific literature. We selected two cases, the Galician shellfisheries and the Marine Protected Area of Fishing Interest Os Miñarzos, to understand when and how profound changes in small-scale fisheries took place. We hypothesize that obstacles for building resilience to consolidate transformative changes once triggered are the still moderate effectiveness of the fisheries management systems, the low progress of incorporation of scientific and traditional knowledge into decision-making processes and policy arenas, the lack of studies about socio-economic contribution to coastal communities and commercialization models, and the presence of persistent ecological and economic drivers hindering desirable transformative changes.
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