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Electromagnetoelastic Nano- and Microactuators for Mechatronic Systems
Abstract
A generalized structural–parametric model of an electromagnetoelastic actuator is derived by solving the wave equation. Its transfer function is determined. The influence of geometric and physical parameters and the external load on its static and dynamic characteristics in the control system is established.
... For control system of nanomedicine and nanotechnology an engine on piezoelectric or electrostrictive effect is applied [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. For the structural schema of an engine its energy transformation is clearly [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The piezo engine is used for precise movements in adaptive optics and microscopy [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. ...
... For the structural schema of an engine its energy transformation is clearly [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The piezo engine is used for precise movements in adaptive optics and microscopy [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. ...
... For the longitudinal PZT engine its relative displacement [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] For the longitudinal PZT engine its displacements ...
... The structural diagram of a precision engine for nanobiomedical research is changed from Cady and Mason electrical equivalent circuits [4][5][6][7][8]. For a precision engine the equation of electromagnetoelasticity [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] ...
... is the transform of Laplace for displacement; p , , c , are the operator of transform, the coefficient of wave propagation, the speed of sound, the coefficien of attenuation. The system of the equations for the forces on faces of a precision engine is written The matrix equation of a precision engine for nanobiomedical research has the form The equation of the direct piezoelectric effect for the piezo engine in nanobiomedical research [10][11][12][13][14] has the form ...
... has the form of the equation of the reverse effectThe equation of the force on the face of a precision engine has the form[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] ...
The transfer function and the transfer coefficient of a precision electromagnetoelastic engine for nanobiomedical research are obtained. The structural diagram of an electromagnetoelastic engine has a difference in the visibility of energy conversion from Cady and Mason electrical equivalent circuits of a piezo vibrator. The structural diagram of an electromagnetoelastic engine is founded. The structural diagram of the piezo engine for nanobiomedical research is written. The transfer functions of the piezo engine or are obtained.
... An electromagnetoelastic actuators in the form of piezo actuators or magnetostriction actuators are used in nanomechanics and nanotechnology for nanomanipulators, laser systems, nano pumps, scanning microscopy [1][2][3][4][5]. The piezo actuator is used for nano displacements in photolithography, microsurgical operations, optical-mechanical devices, adaptive optics systems and adaptive telescopes, fiber-optic systems [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The electromagnetoelasticity equation and the differential equation are solved to obtain the structural model of an electromagnetoelastic actuator. ...
... The structural diagram of an electromagnetoelastic actuator for nanomechanics and nanotechnology is changed from Cady and Mason electrical equivalent circuits [4][5][6][7][8]. The equation of electromagnetoelasticity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] has the form of the equation of the reverse effect for the actuator where i S , , m Ψ , Ψ ij s and j T are the relative deformation, the module, the control parameter or the intensity of field, the elastic compliance, and the mechanical intensity. ...
... In structural schema of electro elastic engine its energy transformation is clearly [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The piezo engine is applied for precise adjustment for nanochemistry in adaptive optics and scanning microscopy [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. ...
... For an engine its equations in matrixes [8, For piezo engine Figure 1 its relative displacement for 3 axis [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] has the form where d 33 is piezo coefficient, E 3 is strength electric field on 3 axis, s E 33 is elastic compliance, T 3 is strength mechanical field on 3 axis. The steady-state movement of the transverse piezo engine with fixed one face and at elastic-inertial load has the form For the transverse piezo engine at elastic-inertial load the expression has the form where C l , C E 11 are the stiffness of load and engine, T t , ξ t , ω t are the time constant, the attenuation coefficient and the conjugate frequency of the engine. ...
The structural model of an engine for nanochemistry is obtained. The structural scheme of an engine is constructed. For the control systems in nanochemistry with an elecro elastic engine its characteristics are determined.
... The structural model on Figure 1 is calculated For a nano drive the mechanical and adjustment characteristics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] are evaluated ...
... The structural model on Figure 1 is calculated For a nano drive the mechanical and adjustment characteristics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] are evaluated ...
... The reverse and direct coefficients are calculated For a nano drive the mechanical and adjustment characteristics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] are evaluated ...
The structural model of a nano drive is determined for biomedical research. The structural scheme of the piezo drive is obtained. The matrix equation is constructed for a nano drive.
... The nano piezoactuator works on the basis of the inverse piezoeffect due to its nano deformation at the electric field strength is applied. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] On the characteristic of the nano piezoactuator deformation from the electric field strength, the initial curve is observed, on which the vertices of the main hysteresis loops lie. The main hysteresis loops have a symmetric change in the electric field strength relative to zero, and partial loops have an asymmetric change in the strength relative to zero. ...
For the nano piezoactuator with hysteresis in control system its set of equilibrium positions is the segment of line. By applying Yakubovich criterion for system with the nano piezoactuator the condition absolute stability of system is evaluated.
... [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The energy conversion is clearly for the structural scheme of a piezoactuator. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] A piezoactuator is used for the nanodisplacement in adaptive optics and telescopes. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] ...
The structural scheme of a piezoactuator is obtained for astrophysics. The matrix equation is constructed for a piezoactuator. The characteristics of a piezoactuator are received for astrophysics.
... Two matrix equations [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] for the piezo drive have the form ...
The structural model of the drive for nanobiotechnology is obtained. The structural scheme of the drive is constructed. In nanobiotechnology for the control systems with the drive its deformations are determined.
... In structural schema of an engine its energy transformation is clearly [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The piezo engine is applied for precise adjustment in scanning microscopy and adaptive optics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. ...
In nanosciences research the structural model of an electro elastic engine is constructed. Its structural scheme of is received. For an engine its matrix equation of the deformations are obtained in the decisions of the precision control systems. The parameters of an engine are determined.
... The electromagnetoelastic actuator is the electromechanical device for actuating and controlling mechanisms, systems with the conversion of electrical signals into mechanical displacements and forces. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] The piezo actuator is used for nano scale motion in adaptive optics, laser systems, focusing and image stabilization systems, nano and micro surgery, vibration damping, nano and micro manipulation to penetrate the cell and to work with the genes. The electromagnetoelastic actuator is provided range of movement from nanometers to ten microns; force 1000 N, response 1-10 ms. ...
... Photothermal microactuators are often used as microswitches or microgrippers in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) or biomedical sciences [1][2][3]. The light-driven strategies enable clean, safe, and remote control of actuators in a noncontact manner without complex coupled instruments [4]. ...
Photothermal microactuators are often used as microswitches or microgrippers in micro-electromechanical systems, whereas it is difficult to fabricate three-dimensional microactuators with a high aspect ratio, since the gravity may lead to undesired deformations during printing processes. In this work, we reported a 3D printing / UV curing process flow in the support of a hydrogel to obtain a photothermal microactuator with a high-aspect-ratio polyline waveguiding structure. The waveguiding structure also served as the driving arm. The temperature parameter was investigated by the Finite Element Method while the experiment was carried out to study the temperature and displacement during the laser actuation. A demonstration showed the driving arm achieves a free-end displacement of 133.2 µm driven by 90 mW laser (46.1°C). This study helps obtain waveguiding photothermal microactuators with integrated and more complex multi-dimensional structures.
... The electromagnetoelastic actuator is the electromechanical device for actuating and controlling mechanisms, systems with the conversion of electrical signals into mechanical displacements and forces. The electromagnetoelastic actuator is provided range of movement from nanometers to ten microns, force 1000 N, response 1-10 ms [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. ...
The regulation and mechanical characteristics of the electromagnetoelastic actuator are obtained for control systems in nano physics and optics sciences for scanning microscopy, adaptive optics and nano biomedicine. The piezo actuator is used for nano manipulators. The matrix transfer function of the electromagnetoelastic actuator is received for nano physics and optics sciences
Background/Aim: With the availability of biosimilars, hospital formulary drug selection among biologics extends beyond clinical and safety considerations when comes to hospital resource management, to factors like human resource allocation and financial sustainability. However, research assessing the time and cost of labor, supplies, and waste disposal of biologics from the standpoint of hospitals remains limited. This study focuses on short-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor originators (Granocyte® and Neupogen®) and biosimilar (Nivestim®), comparing them based on mean total handling times per dose and total annual expenses. Materials and Methods: Ten nurses from a Taiwanese cancer center were recruited; they each prepared three doses of each drug. Results: Findings showed that the mean total handling times per dose of Granocyte® and Neupogen® were significantly higher than that of Nivestim®. Handling Nivestim® required the lowest total annual expense. Conclusion: Nivestim® is an advantageous alternative to Granocyte® and Neupogen®, benefiting hospital resource management.
The structural schemes of electroelastic engine micro and nano displacement are determined for applied bionics and biomechanics. The structural scheme of electroelastic engine is constructed by method mathematical physics. The displacement matrix of electroelastic engine micro and nano displacement is determined.
In the work is calculated of the piezoactuator for astrophysics. The structural scheme of the piezoactuator is determined for astrophysics. The matrix equation is constructed for the piezoactuator. The mechanical characteristic is determined. The parameters of the piezoactuator are obtained in nano control systems for astrophysics.
An electromagnetoelastic actuator is electromagnetomechanical device, intended for actuation of mechanisms, systems or management, based on the piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, electrostriction, magnetostriction effects, converts electric or magnetic signals into mechanical movement and force. The piezo actuator is used in vibration compensation and absorption systems in aircraft and rotorcraft elements, in nanotechnology research for scanning microscopy, in laser systems and ring gyroscopes. The structural scheme of an electromagnetoelastic actuator for nanotechnology research is constructed by using the equation of electromagnetoelasticity and the linear ordinary second-order differential equation of the actuator under various boundary conditions. An electromagnetoelastic actuator is using in nanotechnology, microelectronics, nanobiology, astronomy, nanophysics for the alignment, the reparation of the gravitation and temperature deformations. The nanomanipulator with the piezo actuator is applied in the matching systems in nanotechnology. In the present work, the problem of building the structural scheme of the electromagnetoelastic actuator is solving in difference from Mason’s electrical equivalent circuit. The transformation of the structural scheme under various boundary conditions of the actuator is considered. The matrix transfer function is calculated from the set of equations for the structural scheme of the electromagnetoelastic actuator in control system. This matrix transfer function for the deformation of the actuator is used in nanotechnology research. The structural schemes and the elastic compliances of the piezo actuators are obtained by voltage or current control. The structural scheme of the magnetostriction actuator is constructed for nanotechnology research. The characteristics of the piezo actuator are determined. The structural scheme of the piezo actuator with the back electromotive force is obtained. The transformation of the elastic compliances of the piezo actuators is considered for the voltage and current control.
The structural model of the nano piezoengine is determined for applied biomechanics and biosciences. The structural scheme of the nano piezoengine is obtained. For calculation nano systems the structural model and scheme of the nano piezoengine are used, which reflect the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy of the control object. The matrix equation is constructed for the nano piezoengine in applied biomechanics and biosciences.
We obtained the deformation, the structural diagram, the transfer functions and the characteristics of the actuator nano and micro displacements for composite telescope in astronomy and physics research. The mechanical and regulation characteristics of the actuator are received.
The mathematical models of a piezoengine are determined for nanomedicine and applied bionics. The structural scheme of a piezoengine is constructed. The matrix equation is obtained for a piezoengine.
In this work, the parametric structural schematic diagrams of a multilayer electromagnetoelastic actuator and a multilayer piezoactuator for nanomechanics were determined in contrast to the electrical equivalent circuits of a piezotransmitter and piezoreceiver, the vibration piezomotor. The decision matrix equation of the equivalent quadripole of the multilayer electromagnetoelastic actuator was used. The structural-parametric model, the parametric structural schematic diagram, and the matrix transfer function of the multilayer electromagnetoelastic actuator for nanomechanics were obtained.
Last decade has seen growing research interest in vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials. When developing piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, it is advantageous to establish certain analytical or numerical model to predict the system performance. In the last few years, researchers from mechanical engineering established distributed models for energy harvester but simplified the energy harvesting circuit in the analytical derivation. While, researchers from electrical engineering concerned the modeling of practical energy harvesting circuit but tended to simplify the structural and mechanical conditions. The challenges for accurate modeling of such electromechanical coupling systems remain when complicated mechanical conditions and practical energy harvesting circuit are considered in system design. In this article, the aforementioned problem is addressed by employing an equivalent circuit model, which bridges structural modeling and electrical simulation. First, the parameters in the equivalent circuit model are identified from theoretical analysis and finite element analysis for simple and complex structures, respectively. Subsequently, the equivalent circuit model considering multiple modes of the system is established and simulated in the SPICE software. Two validation examples are given to verify the accuracy of the proposed method, and one further example illustrates its capability of dealing with complicated structures and non-linear circuits.
The field of mechatronics using piezoelectric and electrostrictive materials is growing rapidly with applications in many areas, including MEMS, adaptive optics, and adaptive structures. Piezoelectric Actuators and Ultrasonic Motors provides in-depth coverage of the theoretical background of piezoelectric and electrostrictive actuators, practical materials, device designs, drive/control techniques, typical applications, and future trends in the field. Industry engineers and academic researchers in this field will find Piezoelectric Actuators and Ultrasonic Motors an invaluable source of pertinent scientific information, practical details, and references. In the classroom, this book may be used for graduate level courses on ceramic actuators.
The recent development trend of piezoelectric actuators/ultrasonic
motors is reviewed from the Japanese patent disclosure, and their future
market is predicted, which may reach up to $10 billion in the year of
2000
To simplify the design of the linear ultrasonic motor (LUSM) and improve its output performance, a method of modal decoupling for LUSMs is proposed in this paper. The specific embodiment of this method is decoupling of the traditional LUSM stator¿s complex vibration into two simple vibrations, with each vibration implemented by one vibrator. Because the two vibrators are designed independently, their frequencies can be tuned independently and frequency consistency is easy to achieve. Thus, the method can simplify the design of the LUSM. Based on this method, a prototype modal- independent LUSM is designed and fabricated. The motor reaches its maximum thrust force of 47 N, maximum unloaded speed of 0.43 m/s, and maximum power of 7.85 W at applied voltage of 200 Vpp. The motor¿s structure is then optimized by controlling the difference between the two vibrators¿ resonance frequencies to reach larger output speed, thrust, and power. The optimized results show that when the frequency difference is 73 Hz, the output force, speed, and power reach their maximum values. At the input voltage of 200 Vpp, the motor reaches its maximum thrust force of 64.2 N, maximum unloaded speed of 0.76 m/s, maximum power of 17.4 W, maximum thrust¿weight ratio of 23.7, and maximum efficiency of 39.6%.
The use of nano- and micro-scale piezomotors in precision electromechanical systems is considered. The deformation of the piezoconverter corresponding to its stress state is investigated.
The solution of matrix equations in electroelasticity problems permits the formulation of a generalized structural-parametric model of a multilayer electroacoustic motor and determination of the influence of the motor’s geometric and physical parameters and external load on its dynamic characteristics. Transfer functions are derived for nano- and micro-scale multilayer electroacoustic motors.
A generalized structural and parametric model of a multilayer electromagnetic converter is constructed, and the influence
of the geometric and dynamic parameters of the converter and the external load on the static and dynamic characteristics is
obtained. The transfer functions of the multilayer electromagnetoelastic converter for electromechanical nano- and microdrives
are determined.
Compression and elastic-pliability diagrams of nano-scale piezomotors
- S M Afonin
P’ezoelektronnye ustroistva vychislitel’noi tekhniki, sistem upravleniya i kontrolya: Spravochnik (Piezoelectronic Devices for Computer Technology and Control and Monitoring Systems: A Handbook)
- R G Dzhagupov
- A A Erofeev
Prospective use of electrostriction materials
- A E Panich
- V G Smotrakov
- V V Eremkin
- Yu A Vusevker
Absolute stability of automatic control systems of nanodrive piezomotors
- S M Afonin
Actuators for optical gates and measurement of their characteristics
- V K Kazakov
- V G Nikiforov
- A Safronov
- Ya
- V A Chernov
Structural-parametric model of a piezonanomotor
- S M Afonin
Tochnye dvukhkanal’nye sledyashchie elektroprivody s p’ezokompensatorami (Precise Two-Channel Tracking Electric Actuators with Piezocompensators)
- A A Skii