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Route Educational & Social Science Journal
Volume 6(2) ; January 2019
Route Educational & Social Science Journal
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Volume 6(2);January 2019
Britain and the Arabian Gulf between control
andwithdrawal 1945-1979
Assist Prof. Mohammed Dakhil Kareem
Assist Prof. Shatha Faisal Rasho
Route Educational & Social Science Journal
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Abstract
British interest in the Arabian Gulf region dates back to the 17th century as
part of its interest in trading with Asia and India. The East Indies Company
played a major role in supporting this unceasing interest until Britain
became the absolute sovereign of the Gulf And after the entry of Britain in
World Wars in the first half of the twentieth century it is certain that the
British control will be subject to many problems after the major changes in
the world after the Second World War, including the movement of
independence of the countries that were under the imperialistic control and
start a new world order. Britain has taken steps to rearrange its relations
with the Gulf states, including giving independence to some Gulf states or
preparing to announce the establishment of new states in the region.
With this development in events, Britain suddenly declared in 1968 that it
would withdraw completely in 1971 from the entire area east of Suez,
including the Arabian Gulf. This caused a new problem in the area, namely
how to protect the western interests under The concept of "security
vacuum", which is a theory that opened the doors to new theories called
the security projects adopted by the countries of the area in addition to a
number of major states with interests in the Arabian Gulf and thus the
beginning of political and military conflict in the area continued for
Subsequent years resulted in the independence of a number of States and
the emergence of new agreements or other conflicts.
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Lord Palmerstone
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1939
9
- National Center for Documentation and Research , Abu Dhabi , UAE , (23025) , Novermber,2008,pp 207-24. .
10
- George Lenczowski (ed) , Iran under the Pahlavis , Stanford , 1978 , p p 393-400 .
.
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Oman Levies
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17
18
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5- British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies , 33(1) 37,50,May, 2006.
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David Holden , “The Persian Gulf After the British Raj “ , Foreign Affairs , An American
quarterly Review , Vol . 94 , July , 1971,P. 720
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Sir
AlicDoglas Home
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Holden ,op.cit , P. 721.
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J. Roberts
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R.K. Ramazani, The Middle,East Journal, vol.36,No.1,U.S.A , Winter , 1982 .
34
R.K.Ramazani, The Foreign , Policy of Iran 1500-1941, Charlote Ville ,1960,P.416.
36
ShahramChubin and SepwhrZabih , The Foreign Relations of Iran A Developing State in A
zone of Great Power Conflict , Berkeley , 1975 ,P. 199-200.
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.
37
Ramazani , Who Lost American , op.cit , p . 11.
www.geocitiescompersiangulf
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Bin Abood , Saif Mohammad Obaid , Britains Withdrawal from the
Gulf : with particular reference to the Emirates , Durham E. Theses , 1992.
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Hicohin Landis , Political and oil , Moscow in the Middle East , New york , 1973 ,P 80-85 .
Alvin J . Cottrell, Robert J.Hanks and Frank
T . Bray , Military Affairs in the Persian Gulf , in Mallcoim yapp , British Policy in The Gulf ,
London , 1980, P. 149-175.
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NadavSafram , Saudi Arabia , the Causes Quest For Security , London , 1985, P. 183.
56
Hirst . C, the Arabian Connection the U.K Arms Trade to Saudi Arabia Campaign Aqainst
Arms Trade ( CAAT) , London , 2000, P. 39- 50.
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1- Bin Abood ,Saif Mohammad Obaid , Britains Withdrawal from
the Gulf : with particular reference to the Emirates , Durham E.
Theses , 1992.
2-Chubin, Shahram and Zabih ,Sepwhr, The Foreign Relations of
Iran A Developing State in A zone of Great Power Conflict ,
Berkeley , 1975.
3- Cottrell, Alvin J ., Hanks, Robert J. and Bray, Frank T . ,
Military Affairs in the Persian Gulf , in Mallcoim yapp , British
Policy in The Gulf , London , 1980.
4- Hirst . C, the Arabian Connection the U.K Arms Trade to
Saudi Arabia Campaign Aqainst Arms Trade ( CAAT) , London ,
2000.
5- George Lenczowski (ed) , Iran under the Pahlavis , Stanford ,
1978.
6-National Center For Documentation and Research , Abu Dhabi
, UAE , (23025) , Novermber,2008.
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7- Landis ,Hicohin, Political and oil , Moscow in the Middle East ,
New york , 1973 .
8- Ramazani, R.k , The Foreign Policy of Iran 1500-1941
,Charlote Ville, 1960.
9- NadavSafram , Saudi Arabia , the Causes Quest For Security ,
London , 1985.
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1- Holden , David ,“The Persian Gulf After the British Raj “ ,
Foreign Affairs , An Ameican quarterly Review , Vol . 94 , July ,
1971.
2- Ramazani, R.K, Who Lost American ? The Case of
Iran,TheMiddle,East Journal, vol.36,No.1,U.S.A , Winter , 1982 .
1- British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies , 33(1) 37,50,May,
2006.