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Journal of Biotechnology 14(1A): 245-253, 2016
245
EVALUATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PHU QUOC RIDGEBACK DOGS BASED
ON MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HYPERVARIABLE-1 REGION
Thai Ke Quan1, Nguyen Van Tu1, Tran Ngoc Trinh4, Huynh Van Hieu2, Chung Anh Dung3, Tran Hoang
Dung2
1Saigon University
2Nguyen Tat Thanh University
3Institute of Agricultural Science for Southern Vietnam
Received: 28.12.2015
Accepted: 24.01.2016
SUMMARY
Phu Quoc ridgeback dog is one of Vietnamese valuable dog breeds carrying many good characteristics
such as intelligence, strength, good parenting, people friendly and more importantly, still keeping wild
characteristics of hunting dogs. Besides Rhodesian ridgeback dog and Thai ridgeback dog, Phu Quoc ridgeback
dog is characterized by the ridge of hair running along their back in the opposite direction from the rest of the
coat. However, the origin of this dog breed is unclear and controversial. Some documents stated that Thai
ridgeback dog is the ancestor of Phu Quoc ridgeback dog but did not give a reasonable evidence. Previous
studies have shown that mitochondrial DNA is a promising source of valuable information about the
evolutionary history of dog breeds. In this study, mitochondrial DNA was extracted from hairs of 30 Phu Quoc
ridgeback dogs living in Phu Quoc island, Vietnam. Segments of 582 base pairs in the mitochondrial DNA
hypervariable-1 region were sequenced and analysed for evaluation of genetic diversity. Twenty-eight single
nucleotide polymorphisms were identified, belonged to 11 haplotypes distributed in four haplogroups A, B, C
and E. Although considered as rare haplogroup and was found in only 0.63% of dogs all over the world,
haplogroup E was found in Phu Quoc ridgeback dogs with high rate (16.67%) while there is no haplogroup E
found in Thai ridgeback dogs in previous studies. Characteristics of Phu Quoc ridgeback dog and the presence
of five out of thirty dogs harbouring rare haplotypes E may be clues for seeking the origin of Phu Quoc
ridgeback dog.
Keywords: Control region, haplotype E, Phu Quoc ridgeback dog, phylogeny
INTRODUCTION
Phu Quoc ridgeback dogs primarily live in the
Phu Quoc island in Vietnam's southern Kien Giang
province, VietNam. They are considered as one of
the Vietnamese valuable dog breeds carrying many
good characteristics such as intelligence, strength,
good parenting, people friendly and more
importantly, still keeping wild characteristics of
hunting dogs (Chiếm et al., 2004). Besides
Rhodesian ridgeback dog and Thai ridgeback dog,
Phu Quoc ridgeback dog is characterized by the
ridge of hair running along their back in the opposite
direction from the rest of the coat. However, the
origin of Phu Quoc ridgeback dogs are
undocumented and unclear (Chiếm et al., 2004).
Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) has not
approved Phu Quoc ridgeback dog as a dog breed so
far. Some documents stated that Thai ridgeback dog
is the ancestor of Phu Quoc ridgeback dog but did
not give a reasonable evidence.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the best source
of valuable information about the evolutionary
history of the domesticated dog (Pang et al., 2009a;
Vila et al., 1997) as well as the origin of some dog
breeds (Li et al., 2008). mtDNA genome of a
domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is about
16,727 bp long with the control region (CR)
spanning positions 15,458 – 16,727. This 1,270 bp
non-coding DNA segment contains two
hypervariable regions, HV1 and HV2 (Bekaert et al.,
2012; Kim et al., 1998). HV1 has the higher
mutation rate making it a popular region of analysis
to search for DNA variation. A 582 bp region in the
mtDNA HV1 exhibited high variation has become
one of the molecular markers used to determine the
maternally inherited relationships between
Thai Ke Quan et al.
246
individuals or populations of the same species (Baute
et al., 2008; Himmelberger et al., 2008; Savolainen
et al., 1997). Analyzing the phylogenetic relationship
of 582 bp sequences in the HV1 of 1,576 dogs, Pang
et al. (2009a) found that all sequences were grouped
into six previously described distinct haplogroups A,
B, C, D, E, F. In which, 71.3% of sequences were
found in haplogroup A; 17.26% in haplogroup B,
7.80% in haplogroup C, 1.78% in haplogroup D,
0.63% in haplogroup E and 0.19% in haplogroup F.
Li and Zang (2012) analyzed 582 bp sequences in
the HV1 of 50 Tibetan Mastiffs to study their origin
and evolution and the relationship with other dog
breeds across the world. The discovery rate for
Tibetan Mastiffs haplotypes (30%) was higher than
for dogs from East Asia (16.58%). In published data,
a total of 15 haplotypes were found in 50 Tibetan
Mastiffs, and three Tibetan Mastiffs showed a
genetic link between dogs of the Qing-Tibet Plateau
and Japan (A29, A11, A19), similar to the genetic
link between Tibetans and Japanese (Li and Zang,
2012). Haplotypes in haplogroup A, B and C had the
same frequency distribution across the world
(haplogroup C have not been found in America)
while haplogroups D, E and F were rare with limited
distributions, i.e. in Turkey, Spain and Scandinavia
(haplogroup D); in Japan, China and South Korea
(haplogroup E); in Japan and Siberia (haplogroup F)
(Pang et al., 2009b). Imes et al. (2012) sequenced
the whole ~16.7 kb canine mitochondrial genome of
100 unrelated domestic dogs that exhibited 35
haplotypes, all of which clustered within one of four
previously described haplogroups (A, B, C, D). Of
these, 23 haplotypes were previously observed, 11
were novel, and one was ambiguous. The ten most
commonly observed haplotypes (A2, A11, A16,
A17, A18, A19, A22, A26, B1, C3) composed
approximately 53% of the sequences (Imes et al.,
2012). Thai ridgeback dogs were also included in
some previous studies (Oskarsson et al., 2012; Pang
et al., 2009c) which showed that all of their HV1
sequences (13 samples) belonged to the haplogroup
A and B.
At the beginning in the framework of seeking
the origin of Phu Quoc ridgeback dogs, we analyzed
fifteen 582 bp sequences of the HV1 region of Phu
Quoc ridgeback dogs living around in Ho Chi Minh
city and found nine individuals harbouring
haplogroup E (GenBank accession: KF757293.1,
KF757294.1, KF757295.1, KF757296.1,
KF757297.1, KF757307.1, KF757309.1,
KF757311.1, KF757312.1). Although some of them
are in maternal relationship (data not shown), the
presence of Phu Quoc ridgeback dogs harbouring
haplogroup E encouraged us to examine the genetic
diversity of these dogs living in the Phu Quoc island
to check whether the Phu Quoc ridgeback dog
harbouring haplogroup E is commonly present in the
Phu Quoc island. The consequent phylogenetic
analysis would offer primary information about the
evolutional relationship between them and other dog
breeds.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples collection and preparation
Hair roots were collected from 30 Phu Quoc
ridgeback dogs living in Phu Quoc island. To avoid
testing related dogs, samples from sibling dogs or
dogs with maternal bond were excluded. Each
sample was stored in a plastic ziplock bag at -30ºC
until being used. Samples were numbered from
PQ33 through PQ62.
DNA extraction
20 hair roots of each dog were vortexed with
lysis buffer (Tris-HCl 10 mM, pH 8; Triton X100
1%; SDS 1%; EDTA 10 mM) for 30 seconds and
incubated at 50ºC for 20 minutes. The solution was
then incubated at 50ºC for 1 hour with 5 µl
proteinase K (20 mg/ml). Released DNA in the
solution is separated with other contents (protein,
cell debris,…) by phenol:chloroform:isoamylalcohol
mixture, and precipitated in absolute ethanol.
Extracted DNA is then dissolved in distilled water
and stored at -30oC. The concentration, yield and
purity of DNA samples were determined using sing
absorbance and agarose gel electrophoresis methods.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
A pair of previously reported oligonucleotide
primers (15412F- CCACTATCAGCACCCAAAG
and 16625R-AGACTACGAGACCAAATGCG) that
amplified 1,267 bp CR fragment was used for PCR
(Gundry et al., 2007). Two microlitres of template
DNA were added to the PCR reaction mixture
consisting of Prime Taq Premix (2X) (0.1U/µl Taq
DNA Polymerase; 0.4 mM of each dNTP; 0.4 mM
MgSO4; 20 mM KCl; 16 mM (NH4)2SO4; 20 mM
Tris-HCl, pH8.8) and 10 µM of forward (15412F)
and reverse (16625R) primer in a total volume of 20
µl. The amplification program consisted of a
predenaturation step (95ºC, 5 min), followed by 35
cycles of denaturation at 95ºC for 30 sec, primer
annealing (49ºC, 30 sec), extension (72ºC, 1 min),
Journal of Biotechnology 14(1A): 245-253, 2016
247
and final extension at 72ºC for 5 min. PCR reactions
were performed in a Techne TC-3000 (USA). Three
microlitres of a PCR product were analysed on a 1%
agarose gel with ethidium bromide staining.
DNA sequencing
PCR products were sequenced with two primers
(15412F- CCACTATCAGCACCCAAAG and
16114R- CCTGAAACCATTGACTGAATAG)
using the Sanger method (Sanger et al., 1977) by
NICEM, South Korea. Nucleotide sequences were
evaluated using FinchTV 1.4.0. Manual editing was
used to resolve any inconsistencies between forward
and reverse sequences. All sequences were aligned
and trimmed using ClustalW (Larkin et al., 2007)
and FinchTV1.4.0 to produce 582 bp sequences.
Haplotyping
The 582 bp segment extracted from the first
complete mtDNA sequence of the dog (GenBank
accession: U96639.2 (Kim et al., 1998)) was used
as reference sequence. Each 582 bp sequence of
Phu Quoc ridgeback dog was aligned with
reference sequence using ClustalW program. If the
sequence is identical to a sequence with known
haplotype, the haplotype of query sequence is
defined accordingly, otherwise it would be defined
as a novel haplotype.
Phylogenetic analysis
Thirty Phu Quoc ridgeback dogs HV1
sequences, 252 sequences of previously described
haplotypes (Accession #: U96639, KF002306,
AF531654 – AF531741, AY656703 – AY656710,
EU816457 – EU816557, GQ896338 – GQ896345,
HQ452433, HQ452439 – HQ452465, HQ452424 –
HQ452430, HQ452435 – HQ452438, D83611,
D83637, AB007381) (Ardalan et al., 2011; Kim et
al., 1998; Klutsch et al., 2011; Okumura et al.,
1996; Savolainen et al., 2002; Tsuda et al., 1997;
Van Asch et al., 2013) and 6 representative coyotes
(Canis latrans) (Accession #: NC_008093,
KF661096, DQ480509 – DQ480511, EU789789)
(Bjornerfeldt et al., 2006; Pang et al., 2009b;
Thalmann et al., 2013) were used for phylogenetic
analysis. The phylogenetic tree was inferred using
Maximum Likelihood method and the Neighbor–
Joining method with the T92+I+G model
(lnL=2565.47, G=0.1204 and I=0.7865) and 1,000
repeats bootstrapping.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing
Genomic DNA extracted from 30 dog hair
samples were good enough for further experiments.
DNA bands on 1% agarose gel were observed under
ultraviolet light. DNA concentrations were from 5.5
to 9.1 ng/µl with A260/A280 ratio of 1.8–2.0.
Although two primers 15412F and 16625R were
successful in amplification of the 1,267 bp sequence
containing HV1 region, they did not work well in the
sequencing. The chromatogram showed high
baseline noise and mixed peaks in the VNTR region
between HV1 and HV2. The annealing position of
16625R is right after the VNTR that probably disturb
the sequencing process. Therefore, the 16114R was
chosen as reverse primer to excluded the VNTR in
the sequencing. Results showed the high consistency
between forward and reverse sequences. After
manually edited, 582 bp sequences were produced
for further analysis.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms
Table 1. Grouping of Phu Quoc ridgeback dogs.
Group
Samples
1
PQ34/PQ35/PQ42/PQ58/PQ59
2
PQ47/PQ57/PQ62
3
PQ40
4
PQ55
5
PQ33/PQ36/PQ38/PQ39/
PQ43/PQ52/PQ53/PQ54/PQ60
6
PQ45
7
PQ37
8
PQ46
9
PQ41/PQ44/PQ51
10
PQ48/PQ56
11
PQ49/PQ50/PQ61
Based on the difference among the sequences,
30 sequences were classified into 11 groups. The
nucleotide sequences of PQ37, PQ40, PQ45,
PQ46, PQ55 were very different from other
sequences. The remaining nucleotide sequences
were similar at least one of 30 nucleotide
sequences completely identical (Table 1). There
are totally 28 SNPs (4.81% of nucleotide sites, i.e
the sequence) and the pairwise differences are
between 1 (0.172%) and 17 (2.921%). All
sequences harbour a transition mutation at
position 15814 (a C to a T). Based on the position
of the SNPs appearance, four groups of sequences
could be identified: (1) nucleotide sequences did
Thai Ke Quan et al.
248
not have any common mutation positions which
had a few mutation positions (less than 7); (2)
nucleotide sequences had three mutations at
specific positions 15612, 15643 and 15815; (3) the
nucleotide sequences had three mutations at
specific positions 15508, 15611 and 15650; (4) the
nucleotide sequences had two mutations at specific
positions 15553 and 15811 (Table 2).
Table 2. The 28 polymorphic sites in HV1 sequences of 30 Phu Quoc ridgeback dogs analysed in this study.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
0
0
0
0
2
3
3
3
5
9
1
1
2
3
3
4
5
5
1
8
0
0
1
1
1
1
3
5
0
2
3
8
6
0
4
5
3
5
1
2
7
2
9
3
0
2
0
1
0
7
1
4
5
2
8
5
3
5
8
1
Reference sequence
C
C
T
-
T
A
C
T
T
A
C
T
A
T
G
C
C
T
C
A
C
T
C
G
C
A
T
C
PQ34/PQ35/PQ42/PQ5
8/PQ59
.
.
.
T
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
T
.
.
.
.
.
C
.
PQ47/PQ57/PQ62
.
.
.
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
T
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
PQ40
.
-
C
C
.
.
.
.
.
G
.
G
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
T
.
.
.
.
.
C
.
PQ55
.
.
.
T
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
.
.
.
.
T
.
T
.
T
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
PQ33/PQ36/PQ38/PQ3
9/PQ43/
PQ52/PQ53/PQ54/PQ6
0
.
T
.
-
.
.
T
.
C
.
T
G
G
.
A
.
.
C
.
.
T
C
T
.
T
G
.
.
PQ45
.
T
.
-
.
.
T
.
C
.
T
G
G
.
A
.
.
C
.
.
T
C
T
-
T
G
.
T
PQ37
.
T
.
-
.
.
.
.
C
.
T
G
G
.
A
.
.
C
.
.
T
C
T
.
T
G
.
.
PQ46
T
T
.
-
.
.
.
C
.
.
.
G
.
C
.
.
.
C
.
.
T
.
T
-
T
G
.
.
PQ41/PQ44/PQ51
T
T
.
-
.
.
.
C
.
.
.
G
.
C
.
T
.
C
.
.
T
.
T
-
T
G
.
.
PQ48/PQ56
.
T
.
-
.
G
.
.
.
.
T
A
.
.
A
.
.
C
.
G
T
.
T
-
T
G
.
.
PQ49/PQ50/PQ61
.
T
.
-
.
G
.
.
.
.
T
A
.
.
A
.
.
C
.
G
T
.
T
-
.
G
.
.
Reference sequence: U96639.2
Nucleotide substitutions are shown relatively to the reference sequence. A dot (.) indicates a match to the reference
sequence and a dash (-) indicates an indel.
Journal of Biotechnology 14(1A): 245-253, 2016
249
Previous studies showed that the SNPs discovery
rate of Kangal dogs was 5.13% (30 SNPs observed
in 585 bp HV1) (Gökçek, 2005), the discovery rate
of Croatian dogs was 7.83% (22 SNPs observed in
281 bp HV1) (Sindičić et al., 2011), the discovery
rate of Swedish dogs was 8.95% (23 SNPs observed
in 257 bp HV1) (Savolainen et al., 1997), the
discovery rate of American dogs was 7.04% (41
SNPs observed in 582 bp HV1) (Imes et al., 2012)
(Figure 1). 25 SNPs (41.67%) were identified in 60
bp HV1 sequences of 83 American dogs (Baute et
al., 2008).
However, nucleotide sequences in different
length were analysed resulting the difference of the
SNPs. Sequences of Phu Quoc ridgeback dog were
trimmed to corresponding length to make it
comparable. By 281 bp HV1 sequences, the
discovery rate for Phu Quoc ridgeback dog SNPs
(5.69%) was slightly lower than that for dogs from
Croatia (7.83%) and Sweden (8.95%). By 582 bp
HV1 sequences, the discovery rate for Phu Quoc
ridgeback dog SNPs (4.81%) was slightly lower that
for dogs from America (7.04%) and Kangal dogs
(Turkey) (4.98%). Nine SNPs in the 60 bp HV1
sequences of Phu Quoc ridgeback dogs (15%) were
identified while in the same region of different dog
breeds in American, 25 SNPs (41.67%) were
identified (Baute et al., 2008). Number of SNPs
belonged to the 60 bp HV1 sequence occupied 1/3
SNPs which were found. These results were
compatible with the previously results (Baute et al.,
2008; Himmelberger et al., 2008).
Haplotyping. By sequence comparison, 11
groups of nucleotide sequence were identified that
were belonged to haplotypes A11, A18, A24, A65,
B1, B5, B10, C2, C3, E1 and E4; no new haplotype
was found (Table 3). The result showed that
haplotypes A, B and C occupied 83.33%; therein
haplotype B1 (30%), haplotype A11 (16.67%),
haplotype A18 (10%) and haplotype C3 (10%). These
were the highest haplotype frequencies in groups A, B
and C. It was similar to the previous study of Imes
(Imes et al., 2012). Amazingly, haplotypes E1 and E4
were found in the samples with remarkable rate
(16.67%). It is worth reminding that haplotypes D, E
and F only occupied less than 3% individual dogs
across the world (Pang et al., 2009b).
Table 3. Haplotype frequencies of 30 Phu Quoc ridgeback
dogs.
Haplotype
Samples
N
Freq
(%)
A11
PQ34/PQ35/PQ42/PQ58/PQ59
5
16,67
A18
PQ47/PQ57/PQ62
3
10
A24
PQ40
1
3,33
A65
PQ55
1
3,33
B1
PQ33/PQ36/PQ38/PQ39/
PQ43/PQ52/PQ53/PQ54/PQ60
9
30
B5
PQ45
1
3,33
B10
PQ37
1
3,33
C2
PQ46
1
3,33
C3
PQ41/PQ44/PQ51
3
10
E1
PQ48/PQ56
2
6,67
E4
PQ49/PQ50/PQ61
3
10
Note: N: Number of individuals.
Figure 1. The discovery rate of SNPs of some dog breeds across the world.
Thai Ke Quan et al.
250
Figure 2. The phylogenetic tree (simplified) described positions of 30 Phu Quoc ridgeback dog samples. Icon "arrow"
showed positions of Phu Quoc ridgeback dog samples.
Journal of Biotechnology 14(1A): 245-253, 2016
251
To exclude the errancy which may happen when
using data from GenBank (Thai and Pleiss, 2010;
Thai et al., 2009), the phylogenetic trees were
constructed using the Maximum Likelihood method
and the Neighbor Joining method with optimal
models to verify reliability of haplotype
identification. The coyote sequences (Canis latrans)
were chosen as outgroup. Since the phylogenetic
trees constructed using 2 methods were similar, we
used a phylogenetic tree drawn by the Maximum
Likelihood method to present our analysis results.
Phylogenetic analysis grouped all dog sequences into
the previously described six distinct haplogroups,
clades A – F (Figure 2).
The estimation of evolutionary distances produced
during sequence alignment and the phylogenetic tree
construction (data not shown) showed that all
nucleotide sequences of Phu Quoc ridgeback dogs were
identified correctly. The discovery rate for Phu Quoc
ridgeback dog haplotypes (36.67%; 11 haplotypes
observed in 30 individuals) was slightly higher than that
for some dog breeds such as Kangal dogs (20.96%)
(Gökçek, 2005), Tibetan Mastiffs (30%) (Li and Zang,
2012), American dogs (20.49%) (Webb and Allard,
2009), dogs from East Asia (16.58%) (Savolainen et
al., 2002).
In this study, five individuals belonging to
haplogroup E were found. The analysis showed
that the rate of Phu Quoc ridgeback dogs
harbouring haplogroup E is quite high (16.67%). It
was amazing since haplogroup E has been rarely
found in dogs all over the world. A BLAST search
against the GenBank gave the result of 16
sequences with haplogroup E, in which nine
sequences originated from Phu Quoc ridgeback
dogs that were directly submitted in advance.
Interestingly, there is no haplogroup E found in
Thai ridgeback dogs in previous studies
(Oskarsson et al., 2012; Pang et al., 2009c) and in
the GenBank.
Analysis of haplotypes of dogs from East Asia
showed that few haplotypes of haplogroup E could
be found in dog breeds such as Shiba (Japan), Shar-
Pei (China) and Jindo (South Korea) (Ardalan et al.,
2011; Li and Zang, 2012; Oskarsson et al., 2012;
Savolainen et al., 2002; Tsuda et al., 1997).
Probably, some domestic dogs harbouring
haplogroup E from mainland of Vietnam or migrated
via trading boats from East Asia to Phu Quoc island.
The origin of Phu Quoc ridgeback dogs is assumed
to be in one of two hypotheses: (1) the interbreeding
between the Phu Quoc dog harbouring haplogroup E
and the Thai ridgeback dog; (2) the ridgeback trait
which is a kind of disease (Hillbertz, 2005) were
malformed later from the Phu Quoc dog harbouring
haplotype E because of the living condition on the
island. The isolated location of Phu Quoc island and
the inbreeding have kept the frequency of dogs
harbouring haplogroup E at the high level in the
population.
CONCLUSION
Analysing 582 bp mtDNA HV1 sequences of 30
Phu Quoc ridgeback dog living in Phu Quoc island,
28 SNPs and 11 haplotypes belonged to 4
haplogroups A, B, C and E were identified. It
showed the high genetic diversity of the population.
The amazing result is the high frequency of Phu
Quoc ridgeback dogs harbouring haplogroup E
which are rare distribution all over the world. This
could be a clue for seeking the origin of endemic
Phu Quoc ridgeback dog in Vietnam.
Acknowledgement: We would like to thank Mr. Le
Quoc Tuan, the owner of Thanh Nga farm,
Preservation center for Phu Quoc ridgeback dog,
Phu Quoc island for the fruitful discussion and his
supporting in dog sampling. This study is financially
supported by The Vietnam National Gene Fund
(Project no. 01/2015 – HĐ-NVQG).
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ĐÁNH GIÁ SỰ ĐA DẠNG DI TRUYỀN CỦA CHÓ LƯNG XOÁY PHÚ QUỐC DỰA VÀO
VÙNG SIÊU BIẾN HV1 CỦA DNA TY THỂ
Thái Kế Quân1,!, Nguyễn Văn Tú1, Trần Ngọc Trình4, Huỳnh Văn Hiếu2, Chung Anh Dũng3, Trần
Hoàng Dũng2
1Đại học Sài Gòn
2Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành
3Viện Khoa học Kỹ thuật Nông nghiệp miền Nam
TÓM TẮT
Chó lưng xoáy Phú Quốc là một trong những giống chó đặc hữu, có giá trị cao của Việt Nam. Giống chó
này có nhiều đặc tính quý như thông minh, lanh lẹ, thân thiện và còn giữ được nhiều bản năng tự nhiên của chó
săn. Cùng với chó lưng xoáy Nam Phi và chó lưng xoáy Thái Lan, chó lưng xoáy Phú Quốc dễ dàng được nhận
biết với vùng lông đặc trưng dọc trên lưng mọc ngược chiều với lông của các vùng khác. Cho đến nay, nguồn
gốc của chó lưng xoáy Phú Quốc vẫn chưa rõ ràng và còn tranh cãi. Có tài liệu cho rằng chó lưng xoáy Phú
Quốc có nguồn gốc từ chó lưng xoáy Thái Lan nhưng không đưa ra bằng chứng thuyết phục. Nhiều nghiên cứu
trước đây cho thấy rằng DNA ty thể có thể được dùng để tìm hiểu về nguồn gốc của một số giống chó. Trong
nghiên cứu này, DNA ty thể được tách chiết từ lông của 30 mẫu chó Phú Quốc sống trên đảo Phú Quốc, Việt
Nam. Đoạn 582 cặp base nằm trên vùng siêu biến 1 của DNA ty thể chó được giải trình tự và phân tích để đánh
giá mức độ da dạng di truyền của chúng. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy có 28 vị trí đột biến trên các trình tự khảo
sát, hình thành 11 haplotype thuộc 4 haplogroup A, B, C và E. Dù là haplogroup hiếm, chỉ được tìm thấy với tỷ
lệ 0,63% chó trên toàn thế giới, haplogroup E lại được tìm thấy với tỷ lệ cao ở chó lưng xoáy Phú Quốc
(16,67%) còn ở chó lưng xoáy Thái Lan thì các nghiên cứu đến nay vẫn chưa phát hiện được haplogroup E. Sự
phát hiện này đã cho chúng tôi những manh mối đầu tiên trong việc truy tìm nguồn gốc chó Phú Quốc của Việt
nam.
Từ khóa: Chó lưng xoáy Phú Quốc, haplotype E, phát sinh loài, vùng kiểm soát
! Author for correspondence: Tel: +84-918297640; E-mail: quan.tk@cb.sgu.edu.vn