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Using Trello to Support Agile and Lean Learning with Scrum and Kanban in Teacher Professional Development
Abstract
Agile and lean concepts from industry are increasingly being brought into education. The most common way in which agile methods are used in the classroom is to manage student learning using an adaptation of processes such as Scrum, while the most popular adoption of lean thinking is to manage the pull and flow of learning via a Kanban board. Supporting such approaches with suitable technologies means finding a tool that can support both ways of thinking while also supporting collaboration, ubiquity and ease of use. We provide an experience report on how we have used Trello to support a Scrum process and a Kanban board for the professional development of in-service school teachers. We reflect on the suitability of Trello for this task, explain how some its features can be used to support collaborative agile teams and provide some examples of how it has been used in this context.
... The team model in Scrum is designed to optimize flexibility, creativity, and productivity [16] . The Scrum team produces incremental products through fixed-length cyclical (iterations), thus maximizing the opportunity to capture feedback [17]. By releasing a "Finished" product a little, the team ensures that functional finished products, even though they are not yet intact, are always available [14]. ...
... Product backlog is a sequential list of all items that may be contained in the product. The product backlog can also be considered the only list of products for a product [17]. The product owner is responsible for the product backlog, including its contents, availability for anyone to see, and its sequence [21]. ...
... Supporting collaborative learning with appropriate technologies involves selecting tools that facilitate collaboration, ubiquity, and ease of use. For instance, Parsons et al. (2019) reported using Trello to support a Scrum process and Kanban boards for the professional development of in-service teachers. They demonstrated how Trello's features effectively support collaborative agile teams. ...
ARTICLE INFO This paper presents a project focused on the development of school instruments within a school observation course, where students engaged in virtual collaboration and discussions across different classes utilizing the Trello application. Employing a narrative inquiry design, this study examines the experiences of a teacher over four months of teaching practice. Data were collected through teacher observation notes documenting the use of the Trello application during teaching practice, as well as interviews conducted with participants both in groups and individually within the school observation course. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using NVivo software. The narrative analysis evaluates the effectiveness and contribution of the Trello application as a reflective tool to enhance students' active collaboration. The findings indicate that student collaboration using the Trello application over the four-month period demonstrated a high level of engagement. The application's innovative and user-friendly features facilitated dynamic discussions. The students' enthusiasm affirmed the teacher's perception that the Trello application serves as an effective platform for fostering collaboration and virtual discussion to produce project outcomes. A significant conclusion from this research is that the Trello application has the potential to be employed as an online learning tool or as an instructional medium that supports interventions aimed at improving collaborative efforts in educational contexts. This is an open access article under CC-BY-NC 4.0 license.
... Trello focuses on visual organization and allows teams to easily track progress, assign tasks, and collaborate seamlessly. Recent research has focused on the use of Trello as a versatile tool for collaboration and project management in educational settings [8]. In a study conducted with high school students, project-based learning facilitated active participation, group work, and self-learning, while the technical manager played a guiding role [9]. ...
This article introduces an innovative project management tool developed using Visual Studio, C#, and Azure Optical Character Recognition (OCR) service. The tool digitizes scanned text, automatically generating ticket structures and tasks. It facilitates efficient project planning, user roles, task assignment, progress tracking, and customized reporting. Integration with Azure OCR enables automatic conversion of documents to digital formats. The tool streamlines task integration using modern software technologies. This tool empowers users to collaborate, set objectives, and efficiently manage projects
... Besides, other alternatives such as eduScrum or Lean can be adequately applied in some courses through industry-like and real-world projects, as shown in Neumann and Baumann [34] and Rodríguez et al. [41], respectively. Even, partial implementation of some useful tools in Agile such as Kanban boards prove a challenging, but attractive, perspective to adopt these learning paths, as described in Ahmad et al. [2,18], or fostering the adoption of an Agile framework to improve students' skills through the usage of additional tools like Trello as shown in Parsons and colleagues [37,49]. ...
This article presents the LIZGAIRO project, which aims to promote students’ understanding of fundamental engineering concepts and their ability to apply them to solve real‐world problems through project‐based learning. The project was run over a 3‐year period, with students from the telecommunication degree at the Universidade de Vigo. The Scrum framework, an agile project management framework, was used to promote effective teamwork, active participation and ownership among students. The article describes the effectiveness of the project and its impact on students' learning success, delivered project quality and overall skills acquisition. After implementing LIZGAIRO, both teachers and students reported a positive impact on student learning, with high levels of essential skill acquisition and project quality. Although learning the framework fundamentals takes time for both teachers and students, the adaptability of Scrum and the use of continuous assessment were found to be beneficial.
... Details, due dates, and team members' names are written on these cards, making it easy to see who is doing what and when. Trello's powerful features and realtime changes help our team work quickly, stay organized, and reach our goals as a group (Kaur, 2018;Parsons et al., 2018). In Progress, Review, and Done. ...
This thesis introduces an innovative method for identifying potential biomarkers for kidney illnesses by utilizing a renal ontology called Kidney Diseases Biomarker Ontology (KDBO). A renal ontology is a systematic and organized depiction of the various concepts and connections about the kidney, encompassing aspects such as kidney structure, function, abnormalities, cellular classifications, genetic information, protein composition, observable traits, and medical conditions. The suggested method entails the labeling and merging of diverse data sources, including clinical data, imaging data, biopsy data, proteomics data, and genomics data, utilizing the Kidney Development Subontology (KDSO) of the Gene Ontology (GO). Afterward, the combined data is examined using several methodologies, including machine learning, network analysis, and statistical analysis, to identify novel biomarkers that could potentially signal renal dysfunction and impairment at different disease stages. The recently discovered biomarkers are confirmed through the use of distinct patient groups with kidney disorders and are compared to established biomarkers. The study illustrates that the utilization of a kidney ontology can improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of kidney diseases by facilitating the early identification of renal dysfunction, precise evaluation of the severity and advancement of the disease, and customized selection of the most efficacious therapeutic alternatives. The report additionally examines the constraints and difficulties associated with employing a renal ontology and proposes potential avenues for future research.
... Dada a natureza multifuncional das equipes envolvidas no projetos desenvolvidos pela comunidade IFPE Open Source, a metodologia adotada para o gerenciamento das atividades e entregas das soluçõesé baseada na metodologiaágil de desenvolvimento de software. No gerenciamento do desenvolvimento do Projeto JosueApp, utilizou-se o framework Kanban, a partir do aplicativo Trello [Parsons et al. 2018]. ...
Este trabalho apresenta um aplicativo desenvolvido dentro de um Projeto de Extensão, cujo principal objetivo é facilitar o controle da distribuição de refeições em escolas públicas. Para tal, propõe o uso de um sistema web, baseado na tecnologia PWA, de código aberto e desenvolvido de forma colaborativa, visando a redução no tempo de desenvolvimento e implementação.
... Lecturers would be able to monitor their teaching and research activities, for example, the assignments questions and submission deadlines. The suitability of the Trello to support a scrum process and a Kanban board for the professional development of in-service school teachers has already been investigated (Parsons, et al., 2018). ...
... The Kanban board visualizes the workflow by cards that progress through columns named, for example, 'Backlog', 'Ready', 'In Process', and 'Done' (Parsons et al., 2018, p. 720). Tools such as Trello (Han et al., 2021;Parsons et al., 2018), Asana, MS Planner, and Basecamp are used in collaborative learning processes. ...
The main purpose of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is to improve academic performance through collaborative systems design. To increase the quantity and quality of interactions in CSCL and to reduce feelings of loneliness and burnout during online learning, learner group regulation should be supported. According to the literature, performance and learning motivation cannot be achieved if group communication and interactions are not adequately supported in collaborative learning. However, studies comparing traditional online teamwork and co-regulation guidance are rare. In this context, the purpose of this study is to determine the effects of experimental application designed using agile project management tools to support students’ group regulation in collaborative teamwork in online environments on co-regulation, transactive memory, group cohesion, atmosphere, and participation in web programming education. 91 university students participated in this study, which was carried out in the web programming course. The application lasted 17 weeks. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected in the study, which was designed with the mixed method. As a result of the research, there was a significant difference between the co-regulation, group cohesion, and group participation scores of the students in group regulation guidance practices through agile learning strategies, according to the intervention groups. It was concluded that the experimental application had positive effects on the improvement of group dynamics. This study provides an example of how to develop co-regulation practices in online collaborative contexts.
... Agile methodologies, such as Scrum and Kanban, prioritize flexibility, collaboration, and iterative development [72]. Agile teams work in short cycles called sprints, delivering functional increments of software at the end of each sprint. ...
Software development security refers to the practice of integrating security measures and considerations throughout the software development lifecycle to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of software systems. It involves identifying, mitigating, and eliminating security vulnerabilities and threats that could be exploited by attackers. The goal of this paper is to survey the various concepts and methodologies directed towards software security, and the identification of any missing gaps. Based on the findings, it is noted that the development of secure software requires a proactive and comprehensive approach. It begins with establishing secure design principles and incorporating security requirements from the initial stages of development. Here, secure coding practices, such as input validation, output encoding, and secure authentication and authorization mechanisms, are employed to prevent common security vulnerabilities. In addition, regular security testing, including penetration testing and vulnerability scanning, helps identify and address potential weaknesses in the software. Normally, code reviews and security audits are conducted to ensure adherence to secure coding practices and identify any security flaws. It is important that security training and awareness programs be provided to developers and other stakeholders to foster a security-conscious culture. To minimize potential vulnerabilities, secure configuration management, which involves properly configuring servers, networks, and dependencies may be utilized. On the other hand, regular updates and patching are essential to address known security vulnerabilities in software components. To guide their software development security practices, organizations may follow established security standards and frameworks such as ISO 27001 or NIST Cybersecurity Framework. By prioritizing software development security, organizations can protect sensitive data, prevent unauthorized access, and mitigate the risk of security breaches and incidents. In the long run, this helps build trust with users and stakeholders, enhances the reputation of the software, and reduces the potential impact of security incidents on the organization.
... An essential component of the process miniature is integrating continuous technologies to make learning efficient and comprehensive [14]. This paper carries the application of Trello as a supporter of the proposed framework. ...
Risk management in software engineering projects describes an integrated design to prevent project failure with methods, processes, and artifacts that continually identify, analyze, control, and monitor risks. For example, changes in people's lifestyles during the COVID-19 pandemic pose unexpected risks to the information technology industry. Agile is known as a methodology that is responsive and adapts quickly to change. Scrum is the most frequently used method based on the 2016 Agile development survey results. Many studies have produced a risk management framework for Scrum in recent years. However, repeating the risk analysis process and selecting a response to risk becomes a burden for stakeholders, so a framework is needed that can become a support system to help make decisions. This paper used a comparative study of risk management framework literature and literature that utilizes risk management tools and a case study of risk classification using 34k GitHub Issues for data mining. This study proposed a new framework that integrates datasets and machine learning into a risk management framework. The novelty in this paper is that the risk priority scheme is carried out using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB). Further analysis can be carried out to test the overall effectiveness of the framework.
... En la Tabla 1 se resume cada uno de estos artefactos y se indica cómo se pueden utilizar en un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje. Se elige la plataforma Trello® debido a que permite integrar todos los elementos mencionados anteriormente y se implementa para aplicar estrategias de aprendizaje ágil como el uso de Scrum o Kanban en cursos de desarrollo de software, tal como en la investigación propuesta (Parsons et al., 2019). Además, su uso en el ambiente educativo favorece la comunicación y el seguimiento a las actividades de colaboración en equipos de trabajo distribuidos (Pisoni & Hoogeboom, 2019). ...
This study presents the design of a massive collaborative software development course by adapting web tools. The course integrates teaching software development and agile methodologies with project-based learning, allowing students to relate theory and practice. A case study is conducted with the participation of 475 students enrolled in a Node.JS and agile methodologies course. The results for the course and for the use of the tools applied are satisfactory, given the students’ final products, their perception of learning, and their effective completion rate of the massive course. In conclusion, the massive course designed here enables web development teaching in collaborative work teams, emulating an authentic environment by using project management platforms and repositories mediated by a learning management system.
... The third step in this phase consists of creating a card per process on a Kanban board. Kanban, which means "visual card" in Japanese, is a lean tool to improve production and inventory control by making scheduling more visual [22]. According to Parsons et al. (2019), a "Kanban board visualizes the workflow by having cards progress through several columns named, for example, 'Backlog', 'Ready', 'In Process' and 'Done'". ...
Nowadays, with increasing globalization, companies have to be prepared to adapt and respond to the challenges raised by the 4th Industrial Revolution. The adoption of new technologies has been the most used solution, creating new challenges concerning worker-machine interaction. The required skills of workers tend to change, as do their tasks, which, many times, do not add value, contribute to talent waste, the eighth waste of Lean, and generate dissatisfaction. This paper reviews how this problem can be eliminated, by implementing Robotic Process Automation in a company that provides residential hot water solutions. This technology automates repetitive processes. The results obtained show that, through Robotic Process Automation, it is possible to automate the tasks that do not add value and contribute to eighth lean waste.
... To mitigate the difficulty of managing this type of project, the adaptation and incorporation in the education of workflow management methods such as Kanban are of special interest [86,87] and commonly used in software development [88]. The Japanese word 'kanban' means 'visual board'; specifically, the Kanban board is a tool to map and visualize the project workflow. ...
Design Thinking has the potential to train the soft skills of preservice teachers who will need to continuously design their future towards sustainable education. However, Design Thinking is intrinsically complex, and managing its learning and projects with large groups is not straightforward, especially in remote situations such as COVID-19. From collaborative work among disciplines, this study introduces a Design Thinking-based board to improve the implementation and management of remote design projects. This board was applied with university-level preservice teachers who worked in teams to design instructional materials for preschool. We assessed the perception of the usefulness of the board by the preservice teachers and the teachers responsible for their training, using mixed methods in two consecutive courses. The board was perceived as helpful in developing design projects and improving collaborative learning. It was beneficial for the management, monitoring, and communication, enriching the project process and outcomes. From the achieved learning, we provide guidelines for designing and using these boards to aid educators and researchers in integrating Design Thinking and developing practical and sustainable solutions. This study contributes to the natural integration of Design Thinking and technology in preservice teachers’ education with a replicable and flexible process, improving the quality of education for future generations.
... Ö zkan and Mishra (2019) provide a brief comparative perspective about the most popular project management tools among which Taiga, Axosoft, Agielan, Planbox, Jira, Trello, and VersionOne. Although all of them enable collaboration among team members, Trello is one of the most popular project management tools worldwide and it is quite appropriate to support agile learning with Kanban in teacher professional development (Parsons et al., 2018). Although Trello is close-source, it offers cloud (SaaS) distribution with free use license, is supported by mobile platforms, and is based on the Kanban approach. ...
Practicum is an essential and meaningful part of teacher education but due to the great diversity of educational programmes worldwide, their nature and quality depend too much on each particular situation. There is an urgent need to unify and upgrade practicum formats. This paper reports a proposal for technology enhancement and structure reconfiguration of the practicum within the wider curricula. Added to that, we present an Interactive Digital Notepad (IDN) prototype, based on Kanban and powered up by Trello, as an optimal solution to the challenges posed in practicum management in foreign language teacher education programmes. Circumscribed to the Spanish educational context, this IDN is an online tool designed to improve the monitoring of the learning process in order to foster interactive and effective communication among the participants, and to promote critical thinking and autonomy. Results are promising and further steps for further improvement and implementation are outlined.
... The Lean concept emerged in the automotive industry, focusing on maximizing value and minimizing waste in production processes [25]. Lean is based on five principles: (i) creating value for the user, (ii) eliminating waste, (iii) optimizing value flows, (iv) empowering people, and (v) continuous improvement [18]. The startup is a human institution designed to create new products in conditions of extreme uncertainty [16]. ...
... Scrum methodology is a widely used project management framework. However, there are other frameworks, including Kanban (Saltz & Heckman, 2020) and digital project management frameworks such as Trello (Parsons et al., 2018). It would be interesting to compare different frameworks in a single study. ...
Teaching with Scrum methodology includes ceremonies, roles and artefacts supporting students in planning, monitoring and directing their learning process. It scaffolds students’ learning in complex and sometimes overwhelming context-based learning environments. Effects of the implementation on both students’ learning outcomes and self-reported perceptions of six affective and metacognitive outcomes were investigated. Six teachers implemented Scrum methodology in a context-based secondary chemistry module on Green Chemistry. Their classes formed the experimental group. Based on how students experienced the quality of the implementation, teachers of the experimental group were subdivided into top-teachers and growth-teachers. Consequently, their students formed two sub-experimental groups. The comparison group, which did not use Scrum methodology, consisted of students taught by four teachers. A pre-test post-test control group design was used to study its effect on students’ achievements and self-reported affective and metacognitive outcomes. Students of both experimental groups outperformed students of the comparison group with a large effect-size (top-teachers); and medium effect-size (growth-teachers) on learning outcomes. Findings on students’ perceptions of affective and metacognitive outcomes revealed medium and small effects of Scrum methodology. Despite the fact that the implementation is challenging for teachers, it appears that Scrum methodology has positive effects on students’ achievement and on students’ perceptions of affective and metacognitive dimensions of their learning.
... However, it needs some adjustments to adapt the Eduagile framework to the e-learning context, in which there are no presential class sessions and no regular synchronous meetings. Previous agile-based learning experiences have proven the positive impact on project management and teamwork regulation: As example, (Kropp et al., 2016;Naik & Jenkins, 2019;Noguera et al., 2018;Parsons et al., 2019)'s results indicate that agile strategies are useful for improving students' online project management and collaboration. Effectively, within the education context, agile strategies provides some advantages over traditional project management techniques like Transparency in teamwork as frequent meetings expose any weaknesses in contributions by team members, and project status understanding since frequent meetings provide all team members with a granular understanding of the status of the project (Bass et al., 2016;Maria et al., 2015). ...
In the actual covid-19 crisis, Moroccan universities have been obliged to convert face-to-face education to online education context. This situation is much more challenging for students who are appealed to work collaboratively on their final project as well as for teachers who must monitor the project progress and students’ performance. This paper presents an experiment report of initial implementation of agile strategy in remote project management of undergraduate students. The study is approached from two point of view: communication and collaboration; data centralization and efficient monitoring. The discussion is based on student’s online activity analysis and structured survey of students’ perception on the applied method. The results reveal that the integration of the agile strategy has a significant positive impact on students’ performance in online project management and offers an interesting tool for teachers supervising project teamwork.
... Once an appropriate structural organisation of a Practicum model has been embedded within an educational program located in a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) (López et al., 2010), a software app must be chosen for the Kanban board. Although most of them increase collaboration among team members, Trello is one of the most popular project management tools worldwide and quite appropriate to support agile learning with Kanban in teacher professional development (Parsons et al., 2018). Trello allows working in projects through Teaching English with Technology, 20(4), 105-111, http://www.tewtjournal.org ...
Practicum is an essential and meaningful form of teacher training but due to the great diversity of educational programs worldwide, their nature and quality depend too much on each particular situation. For this reason, an Interactive Digital Notepad (hereinafter IDN) prototype, based on Kanban and powered up by Trello, is presented as a solution to the challenges related to the Practicum in foreign language teacher education programs.
... The work of Naik, Jenkins & Newell (2019) demonstrated the experience of applying the Agile Scrum methodology with the implementation of the Trello not only for teaching and learning but also for the development of real projects. An experimental report on the use of the Trello to support the Scrum process and the Kanban board for the professional development of teachers was demonstrated in operation by Parsons et al. (2018). ...
... TABLE II is a description of few ICT tools that supported project-based learning: Adopting Trello as a means of learning in education can assist the student in envisioning their task and branding them to be extra mindful of workflows. [19] iTunes The app exposed as a new educationrelated app called iTunes u Course Manager, which permit and make it easy for educators to create their courses and clear course outlines, distribute learning modules and get feedback from learners. The prospective benefits will enable students to improve their on-task engagement and facilitates collaborative learning. ...
The term project-based learning refers to the
involvement of a group of students for completing a project in
achieving deep understanding and therefore getting different
learning outcomes. One of the major challenges of preparing
for PBL is to ensure that students have adequate research
resources and are prepared to conduct their research and
connect with mentors. ICT is an established acronym for the
word Information and Communication Technology used
widely as different forms for multi-purposes. It includes
several innovations and technological tools used to interact,
distribute, store and handle data. Use of ICT in colleges by
students and teachers have now become a requirement because
it could be used to improve the performance of effective
teaching and learning in any tertiary institutions. This paper
provides a discussion regarding using Project-based learning in
teaching through the application of ICT, and the need for PBL.
Finally, this paper proposes some recommendations for the
growth of ICT knowledge in the teaching practice of the
institution
History plays a vital role in knowing their past and thus improving and not making the same mistakes in the future. However, history teaching has some shortcomings, such as memorizing history without interpretation, which is boring, uncomfortable, and non-interactive when students learn from books and articles. This work aims to cover this gap with the development of Battle Card, a card game based on the Inca empire and implemented with artificial intelligence algorithms, such as the seek and flee and arrive movement algorithms, the algorithm Depth-First Search, and a state machine. The Scrum framework was applied to manage the project and maintain constant communication with the development team. In addition, Phaser.io was used as a framework for game development on desktop and mobile platforms. Tests were carried out, and the results were finally evaluated through game quality metrics. In conclusion, a fun app about the history of the Incas was obtained with an acceptable level of playability that educators and interested parties can use.
Board-based software tools for managing collaborative work (e.g. Trello or Microsoft Planner) are highly configurable information systems. Their structure is based on boards that contain cards organized in lists. This structure allows users to organize a wide variety of formal or informal information and work processes in a very flexible way. However, this flexibility means that in every situation the user is required to make decisions to design a new board from scratch, which is not a straightforward task, specially if performed by non-technical users. In this paper, we carried out a study following an inductive approach consisting of analyzing 91 Trello board designs from both research works and board templates proposed by Trello users, which cover a wide variety of domains and use cases. The result is twofold. First, we propose a metamodel for designing boards that takes into account not only the structure of the board but also other decisions like the type of information cards manage and behavioural aspects of how cards flow. Second, we use this metamodel to identify and characterize 8 patterns that are commonly used in board designs. These results, applicable to all board-based tools, provide insights that can be useful for users to design solutions more effectively and efficiently and help us to better understand the roles that these information systems may play in the current enterprise information systems ecosystem.
Trello, a cloud-based tool that uses the Kanban method of project management. With Trello, users can visually organize projects into boards, divide projects into groups, and subdivide groups into tasks.
Higher education is frequently criticized for inadequate preparation of students so that they could become successful in their studies, future lives and careers. Students tend to lack higher-order thinking skills, in particular problem solving skills. What the new face of a university foreign language course might be is not simply learning languages but also integrating the development of the most important skills of the 21st century ⿿ higher-order thinking, problem-solving, self-directed learning, communication and collaboration with the ability to demonstrate these skills using a foreign language. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a unique approach that allows achieving this and therefore needs to be more increasingly implemented even in the field of foreign language education. There is much literature that explains curricular change in the field of PBL demonstrating the value of this approach to students, educators and institutions; however, there is little research to date that has explored PBL in foreign language education. Based on the scientific literature review method, this article addresses the issue of why PBL is a relevant approach to be implemented in foreign language education and suggests ways of its implementation. PBL can help revitalize foreign language learning in higher education as it can create meaningful and authentic communication central to the learning process, where language learning is coupled with learning how to solve ill-structured problems. Students move from reproductive to creative and meaningful language use, which undoubtedly contributes to meaningful learning and increased motivation.
Higher Education institutions are rapidly changing to embrace technologies that are innovative and sustainable. This paper outlines the methodology used to achieve this process in a major Learning and Teaching project at RMIT University. We identify how we incorporated Agile project management principles to develop curriculum and then captured this development in patterns that can be shared and applied to other areas of the university. Curriculum Design Teams have driven the process with experts in digital technology, and learning and teaching. In a short period, we have been encouraged by the outcomes and the staff response to the methods.
Industry needs graduates from universities having knowledge and skills to tackle the practical issues of real life software development. To facilitate software engineering students and fulfill industry need, the Department of Information Processing Science, University of Oulu, Finland, built a Software Factory laboratory (SWF) in 2012 based on Lean concept. This study examines factors in the SWF learning environment that affect learning of a SWF course by the students. It employs amended Computer laboratory Environment Inventory (CLEI) and Attitude towards Computers and Computing Courses Questionnaire instrument (ACCC) with two additional constructs: 1) Kanban board 2) Collaborative learning. The general findings indicate that SWF learning environment, collaborative learning and Kanban board play important role in software engineering students learning, academic achievements and professional skills gaining. The findings are helpful to develop a better understanding about learning environments. The information gathered in this study can also be used to improve the software engineering learning environment.
Using of Kanban in software development is an emerging topic. This systematic literature review was conducted in order to analyze the current trend of Kanban usage in software development and to identify the obtained benefits and involved challenges. The search strategy resulted in 492 papers, of which 19 were identified as primary studies relevant to our research. The main reported benefits of using the Kanban method were improved lead time to deliver software, improved quality of software, improved communication and coordination, increased consistency of delivery, and decreased customer reported defects. The reported challenges included lack of knowledge and specialized training as well as various organizational issues. Additionally, suggested practices were extracted from the primary studies and summarized for guiding the practitioners interested in adopting Kanban. The findings of this literature review are intended for helping researchers and practitioners to gain a better understanding of the current state of Kanban usage in software development.
This special issue addresses lean software development. What principles deliver value, and how are they introduced to best manage change?
In this paper, an undergraduate capstone course in software engineering is described that not only exposes students to agile software development, but also makes it possible to observe the behavior of developers using Scrum for the first time. The course requires students to work as Scrum Teams, responsible for the implementation of a set of user stories defined by a project domain expert playing the role of the Product Owner. During the course, data on project management activities are collected in order to analyze the amount of work completed, compliance with the release and iteration plans, productivity, ability in effort estimation, and the like. The paper discusses the achievement of teaching goals and provides empirical evaluation of students' progress in estimation and planning skills. A summary of lessons learned and recommendations is given, reflecting the issues to be considered when teaching courses in agile software development. Surveys of students have shown that they were overwhelmingly positive about the course, indicating that the course fully met or even exceeded their expectations.
In today's software development environment, requirements often
change during the product development life-cycle to meet shifting
business demands, creating endless headaches for development teams. We
discuss our experience in implementing the Scrum software development
process to address these concerns
This paper describes the experiences of introducing agile methods in four different academic programs (Diploma, Applied Bachelor's, Bachelor's and Master's) in two institutions during two academic years. It contains suggestions and techniques for bringing agile methods into curriculum. Based on overwhelmingly positive students' experiences this report should encourage other academics that are considering introducing agile methods in their software engineering courses.
Establishing user-centered strategies to manage workflow is important for teachers and students. Trello can serve that role by creating a space for individual and collaborative project organization.
Published in the Agricultural Education Magazine [https://www.naae.org/profdevelopment/magazine/current_issue/may_jun_2016.pdf]
This book explores the application of agile and lean techniques, originally from the field of software development and manufacturing, to various aspects of education. It covers a broad range of topics, including applying agile teaching and learning techniques in the classroom, incorporating lean thinking in educational workflows, and using team-based approaches to student-centred activities based on agile principles and processes.
Demonstrating how agile and lean ideas can concretely be applied to education, the book offers practical guidance on how to apply these ideas in the classroom or lecture hall, as well as new concepts that could spark further research and development.
Kanban is a workflow management method especially suitable for managing continuous software engineering work. We attempted to teach Kanban and lean thinking in a software project management course in Aalto University with a collaborative Kanban board game. Our goal was to measure if the learning goals of the class were reached and to study the student's perceptions of the game. Data was collected from two subsequent classes in 2014 and 2015. Quantitative data was collected with questionnaires and analysed descriptively and statistically. Qualitative data was collected from 57 learning diaries. The students perceived they had learned substantially from the game. They also evaluated the game very positively. However, the qualitative results and the measured learning indicated that the learning goals were only partially reached. The enjoyable game experience did not fully translate into effective learning.
Teaching group based Agile software development project courses is difficult. There are many aspects that need to be considered for a project to be successful such as a well defined scope, students working effectively together, and engaging with the customer. In this paper we present an experience report at teaching an Agile software development project course that involved teams developing web applications. The resources developed for the course and discussion about our experience will help inform others who also wish to teach group based software development courses.
The use of contemporary software development approaches such as agile methods is growing in widespread use throughout the world. Although some universities are starting to teach them, courses on agile methods at the undergraduate and graduate levels are still a new phenomenon. The University of Maryland University College (UMUC) adapted agile methods for its capstone course towards a masterpsilas degree in software engineering in the Fall of 2008. Three distributed teams of five students were asked to use agile methods to build competing electronic commerce Web sites. With little training in agile methods, virtual teams, collaboration tools, or Web design, each of the three teams completed fully functional e-commerce Web sites using agile methods in little more than 13 weeks. Teams who struck an optimum balance of customer collaboration, use of agile methods, and technical programming ability had better productivity and Web site quality.
When software development project teams move to agile methodologies, they often leave project managers behind. Traditionally trained project managers are confused as to what their new roles and responsibilities should be in an environment that no longer needs them to make stand-alone decisions. This paper focuses on re-defining the job of project manager to better fit the self-managed team environment, one of the core agile principles. Special emphasis is placed on the shift to servant leadership, with its focus on facilitation and collaboration. Mapping of PMBOK knowledge areas to agile practices is discussed at length. After reading this paper, project managers should have a better understanding of what changes they need to make professionally, and how to make these changes in order to survive the transition to an agile software development approach.
Corey Ladas' groundbreaking paper "ScrumBan" has captured the imagination of the software development world. Scrum and agile methodologies have helped software development teams organize and become more efficient. Lean methods like kanban can extend these benefits. Kanban also provides a powerful mechanism to identify process improvement opportunities. This book covers some of the metrics and day-to-day management techniques that make continuous improvement an achievable outcome in the real world. ScrumBan the book provides a series of essays that give practitioners the background needed to create more robust practices combining the best of agile and lean.
Agile methods such as extreme programming (XP) are becoming increasingly important for the rapid development of software applications.
However, there is a tradeoff in using agile methods. Often they lack in providing a systematic guidance (i.e., a sound description
of roles, artifacts, and activities), and thus, require disciplined and experienced developers. Are the promised benefits
of agile methods still valid if they are applied by novice (student) developers? To gain some experience, we performed a study
on teaching students agile software development with XP. Students performed a small software development project at the University
of Kaiserslautern to collect some lessons learned. One result is that although agile approaches are easy to learn and quickly
produce results, they are not the best starting point in training software development. The quality of the resulting system,
at least in our experience, heavily depends on the discipline of the developers and their background and experience in software
development.
Agile methods in software development projects gained importance and have become widely accepted in recent years. The high application rate in commercial software development finds it counterpart in academic research and externally funded university projects but is seldom taught and applied in practical student courses. On the basis of a case study, this paper briefly describes the education of agile techniques in large scale student projects at the Chair for Applied Software Engineering of Technische Universitat Munchen.
The author reviews the many forces that have driven contemporary medical education approaches to evaluation and places them in an adult learning theory context. After noting their strengths and limitations, the author looks to lessons learned from manufacturing on both efficacy and efficiency and explores how these can be applied to the process of trainee assessment in medical education.Building on this, the author describes the rationale for and development of the Educational Kanban (EK) at Children's Hospital Boston--specifically, how it was designed to integrate adult learning theory, Japanese manufacturing models, and educator observations into a unique form of teacher-student collaboration that allows for continuous improvement. It is a formative tool, built on the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's six core competencies, that guides educational efforts to optimize teaching and learning, promotes adult learner responsibility and efficacy, and takes advantage of the labor-intensive clinical educational setting. The author discusses how this model, which will be implemented in July 2009, will lead to training that is highly individualized, optimizes faculty and student educational efforts, and ultimately conserves faculty resources. A model EK is provided for general reference.The EK represents a novel approach to adult learning that will enhance educational effectiveness and efficiency and complement existing evaluative models. Described here in a specific graduate medical setting, it can readily be adapted and integrated into a wide range of undergraduate and graduate clinical educational environments.
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