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The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior: Key Readings
... Based on in-group favoritism (Tajfel & Turner, 2004), it is plausible to assume that teachers' gender could influence their attitudes toward male and female students. For example, we could expect male teachers to have a more positive attitude toward male students and, vice versa, we could expect female teachers to have a more positive attitude toward female students. ...
... Interestingly, female teachers showed a stronger implicit preference for girls than boys, whereas male teachers had no significant gender preference. While this finding could be attributed to the unevenly distributed sample composition, the preference of female participants for female students could also have resulted from in-group favoritism and self-categorization bias (Tajfel & Turner, 2004;Turner & Reynolds, 2012). ...
... Furthermore, the present study suggests that attitudes and fixations on girls were correlated, indicating that implicit preferences may influence the gaze behavior of pre-service teachers when observing classroom scenes. At the same time, teachers' gender had no moderation effect, ruling out in-group favoritism (Tajfel & Turner, 2004) for the relation between attitudes and gaze, which confirms prior research (Kleen & Glock, 2018). ...
Previous research has examined teacher attitudes toward student gender and teacher eye movements when looking at girls and boys in classrooms. However, to date, these two lines of research are rather separated. To better understand the co-occurrence of visual and attitudinal preferences, we investigated whether pre-service teachers’ attitudes are associated with their selective attention allocation toward girls and boys. Grounded in the cognitive theory of visual expertise, this multi-method study invited n = 105 pre-service teachers to watch a classroom video while their gaze was recorded. In addition, feeling thermometers measured their explicit gender attitudes and an implicit association test (IAT) measured their implicit gender attitudes. Findings revealed that female and male teachers implicitly and explicitly favored girls over boys. The results also demonstrated that, independent of teacher gender, girls were fixated more frequently than boys. When examining the correlation between attitudes and fixations, the study found that pre-service teachers’ implicit attitudes and their number of fixations on girls were positively correlated. These results confirm the assumption that attention tends to be directed more on information that is consistent (rather than inconsistent) with underlying teacher attitudes, especially in complex tasks, possibly to reduce mental effort. Future research can consider the context of the observation (language lessons), as teachers’ expectations in different disciplinary fields and observation contexts may influence the co-occurrence of attitudes and gaze in the classroom. Further directions on the use of eye tracking as a tool to reflect on gender biases are discussed.
... Given the significant role that masculine identities play in the manosphere and the perception that feminism is a threat to men's identity, utilising a social identity threat framework (e.g., Branscombe et al., 1999;Tajfel & Turner, 1986) offers a unique and appropriate lens to investigate the psychology underpinning manosphere attitudes. Building on existing theory and research, the subsequent sections explore how feminism, through its perceived challenge to men's status privileges over women, may be interpreted and subjectively experienced by some men as a threat to their male social identities. ...
... Building on this, insights from the literature on social identity threat serve as a valuable framework for understanding why men who perceive themselves as having less privilege than women may opt to derogate women (e.g., Branscombe et al., 1999;Ellemers et al., 2002;Hunter et al., 1997;Scheepers, 2009). Central to social identity theory is the notion that people derive an important part of their identity from the groups they belong to (social identity; Tajfel & Turner, 1986). Hence, individuals identifying as part of a (perceived) underprivileged, low-status group experience threats to their identity (Branscombe et al., 1999). ...
... Hence, when perceived status stability is combined with a lack of acknowledgement of privilege, we hypothesise that this will represent a key psychological pathway to the endorsement of manosphere attitudes in the general population. However, for men who acknowledge their privileged status, socialpsychological theories (Stephan & Stephan, 2000;Tajfel & Turner, 1986) suggest another pathway: the role of status instability (i.e., perception that status hierarchies are changing). Research in this realm has shown that when members of high-status groups discern their status as unstable, it can spur heightened prejudice toward groups seen as driving this instability (e.g., Bettencourt et al., 2001;Cunningham & Platow, 2007;Rivera-Rodriguez et al., 2022). ...
In this research, we explore how identity influences the adoption of misogynistic beliefs central to the manosphere, online communities known for sexism and linked to increasing extremism and real-world violence against women. Through two correlational studies (Study 1: N = 311; Study 2: N = 470), we examined how identity factors related to privilege, identification, and perceived threat from feminism predict the endorsement of manosphere attitudes. We focus on two key manosphere attitudes: anti-feminism and evolutionary beliefs about women's manipulative nature. As predicted, results showed that the less men acknowledge their privileged status relative to women, the more they feel threatened by feminists, which in turn was associated with endorsing manosphere attitudes. In Study 2, we found evidence that perceptions of status stability moderate this relationship. Men who recognized their privilege and foresee changing gender dynamics reported feeling less threatened and showed lower affinity for manosphere attitudes. We discuss the potential for mitigating the appeal of manosphere attitudes and emphasized the need for future research on conceptualizations of masculine identity and updated measures of sexism that reflect the content of contemporary gender discourse and the manosphere.
... Finally, leaders may also weaken or intensify followers' behavioral responses through their beliefs concerning inter-group dynamics and the finite nature of resources, particularly zero-sum beliefs-the view that gains for one party come at others' expense (Andrews Fearon & Götz, 2024;Davidai & Tepper, 2023). We propose that leader zero-sum beliefs strengthen follower allegiance to leaders or in-groups by portraying out-groups as adversaries (Halevy et al., 2012;Tajfel & Turner, 2004) and reduce prosocial behaviors that benefit all people. Thus, we theorize that awe-inspiring leaders produce distinct follower outcomes based on their self-construal and beliefs about intergroup competition over limited resources. ...
... A leader's zero-sum beliefs can thus model to followers the point of view that social interactions are competitive (ten Brinke et al., 2015). In doing so, allegiance to the leader or an organizational in-group is strengthened through the adversarial portrayal of out-groups (Tajfel & Turner, 2004), steering followers towards tribal behavior and away from behaviors that indiscriminately help all people. In essence, a leader's zero-sum beliefs signal to followers how their primary target of identification relates to others. ...
... Leader zero-sum beliefs, we contend, will strengthen the positive effect of awe-inspired leader identification on hero worship. Drawing from social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 2004), we theorize that hero worship will intensify when leader zero-sum beliefs are high (vs. low) because the relationship followers share with relevant out-groups is portrayed in an adversarial manner (Charness & Chen, 2020). ...
... The environmental behaviours of individuals consisted of mainly consumption and post-consumption behaviour and behavior of business firms consisted of their operations concerning their impact on the environment. The top three most frequently used theories in this category were Social Identity Theory [79,80], Norm Activation Model [75], and Self-Determination Theory [77]. What is common about these theories is the concept that acting in accordance with social expectations fulfils individuals' psychological need. ...
... Social Identity Theory [79] was applied in studies examining religion as a social identity influencing corporate social responsibility behaviors. These included positive effects on reducing wastewater discharge and solid waste emissions [89], promoting the use of products with recycled packaging [88], and a negative effect on individuals' financial ability to pursue water diversification for improved resource management in Kiribati [91]. ...
... Thus, some theories such as Belief Congruence [72], Inoculation [74], Conservation of Resource [73], and Schwartz Values [18] were used to show how humans have psychological needs that were fulfilled when internal values, which religion influenced, aligned with behaviour. Many more theories, such as Norm Activation [75], Rappaport's Ritual [76], Self-determination [77], Social Cognitive [78], Social Identity [79], and Social Norm [81] connected religion to societal values that influenced personal or collective behavior. ...
Background
Accelerating anthropogenic environmental degradation calls for diverse strategies to promote pro-environmental behaviors. Religion, with its potential to motivate such behaviors, has gained attention, exemplified by the rise of eco-theology. However, the theoretical frameworks connecting religion to environmental behavior remain unclear. This systematic review aims to address this gap.
Objective
The purpose of this systematic review was to explore the use of theories employed in studying the relationship between religion and environmental behaviour.
Methods
Four databases were systematically searched to retrieve articles linking religion to any type of environmental behaviour using a theory.
Results
In forty-six articles that met the eligibility criteria, the relationship between religion and environmental behaviour was depicted using 23 theories. These theories could be categorized based on factors that drive action into six metatheories namely Psychological Need, Independent-Self, Independent-Structure, Communal Need, Top-Down, and Interdependent. Environmental behaviours measured various personal behaviours such as green and organic food consumption, use of green products, and recycling and firm-related behaviour measured mainly via corporate social responsibility.
Discussion
Since multiple factors, such as situational context, culture, level of religiosity, gender, and family status, moderate the relationship between religion and environmental behaviour, applying an all-encompassing theory to study this relationship is challenging. Furthermore, inconsistencies in measuring religiosity’s aspects and religious orientation limited the ability to compare different studies.
Conclusion
This review offers a metatheoretical classification of theories linking religion and environmental behavior. It provides a foundation for refining theories to enable leveraging religious values in fostering pro-environmental behavior.
... Collective work-identity implies "the individual's knowledge that he [or she] belongs to certain social groups together with some emotional and value significance to him [or her] of his [or her] group membership" (Tajfel, 1972, p. 292). Such a group membership implies an emotional attachment to the group/organization by cognitive depersonalizations of the individual self (Tajfel and Turner, 1986; see Hogg, 2012 for an overview). ...
... According to the social identity perspective (e.g., Ashforth and Mael, 1989), including theories of social identity (Tajfel and Turner, 1986) and self-categorization (Turner et al., 1987), individuals define themselves in terms of membership of social categories, thereby attributing prototypes of such social categories to themselves. Accordingly, individuals perceive themselves in terms of the characteristics they share with other in-group members (Haslam and Ellemers, 2011;van Knippenberg and Van Schie, 2000). ...
... This contrasts the goals of the present study, to investigate employees' experiences of personal and collective emotional and cognitive work-identity in the context of an organizational change by a deductive, theory-driven approach. Based on welldefined theoretical frameworks four predetermined main themes of personal and collective emotional, and cognitive work-identity were applied (see Ashforth and Mael, 1989;Knez, 2016;Nordhall et al., 2021;Tajfel and Turner, 1986;Turner et al., 1987). See Table 1 for details and result summary. ...
In the present study we investigated employees' experiences of personal and collective work-identity in the context of an organizational change. Data consisted of semi-structured interviews with employees that will be affected by the change. We conducted a theory-driven thematic analysis based on four predetermined main themes: personal and collective emotional, and cognitive work-identity. Respondents experienced distinct and unambiguous proudness, bonding, familiarity and missing in their personal emotional work-identity, and quite distinct and unambiguous coherence, reflection, mental time travel, but ambivalent, or even lack of, correspondence in their personal cognitive work-identity. They experienced a mix of distinct and ambiguous organizational proudness, esteem and affective commitment in their collective emotional work-identity. They experienced distinct and unambiguous identification with the organization, but ambivalent assimilation and incorporation of the organization in their collective cognitive work-identity. Such a complexity in the employees' work-identity experiences also indicates complexity in their organizational change reactions.
... Autonomy-supportive environments are reported to enhance resilience and mitigate burnout in elite athletes. Meanwhile, SIT explores the balance between individual identity and group cohesion, highlighting the risks of over-conformity to group norms in undermining mental health [15,16]. ...
... SIT focuses on the interplay between individual identity and group membership, which is particularly relevant in collectivist cultures such as those in South Korea. Athletes who overly identify with group norms may suppress their individuality, leading to psychological tension and diminished mental health [15,16]. This aligns with observations that group psychology suppresses individual critical faculties, leading to autonomy loss and increased dependency on authority figures [21,22]. ...
... This aligns with observations that group psychology suppresses individual critical faculties, leading to autonomy loss and increased dependency on authority figures [21,22]. SIT-based interventions, such as team programs emphasizing individuality within a cohesive group framework, can mitigate these effects and foster psychological resilience [15]. ...
... SIT posits that "individuals perceive themselves as part of social groups, which leads them to develop positive attitudes toward in-groups and negative attitudes toward out-groups" (Tajfel and Turner, 1986). In this context, inequitable behaviors in organizations are rooted in individuals' tendencies to exclude one another and reinforce in-group cohesion. ...
... Social factors influencing gender inequality are closely tied to societal expectations of male and female roles. According to SIT, individuals increasingly identify with in-groups, reinforcing the "us" versus "them" distinction and intensifying exclusionary behaviors towards out-groups (Tajfel and Turner, 1986). In this context, the perception that men are more suitable for leadership roles makes it harder for women to advance in their careers. ...
In this study, the subject of "gender inequality" is conceptually addressed primarily within the framework of Social Identity Theory (SIT). Subsequently, academic studies on "gender inequality" in English from the Web of Science (WoS) database were examined. Within the scope of the research, SSCI articles that included the terms "gender inequality - gender disparity - gender inequity - gender segregation" in their titles, keywords, or abstracts were filtered. The focus was then placed on the categories of Women’s Studies, Management, Business, Business Finance, Ethics, and Behavioral Sciences resulting in 144 Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) articles. The findings obtained through bibliometric and qualitative analysis techniques were presented using visual tools such as word tree, thematic map, tree map, word cloud map, three-field plot, and code-subcode-segment model. The results revealed that academic publications on gender inequality were very limited in the early 2000s, but their number has grown exponentially over time, maintaining this momentum. The countries producing the most publications in this field were identified as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Furthermore, it was observed that under the theme of gender inequality codes such as struggle, ways of seeing, troubles, and determining factors were identified, with these codes further divided into subcodes and segments. Additionally, key terms clustered under basic themes representing maturity in the literature, were identified as integration, women, and change while key terms clustered under niche themes indicating high potential for future research, were identified as masculinities, nursing, and practice.
... Beyond use considerations, identity affects how well people can complete collaborative tasks. Findings from social psychology, economics, operations research, and marketing research show that social identity strongly influences both subjective and objective interaction metrics [12][13][14][15]. The underlying process that drives changes in these metrics is the formation of different social groups, as described by Social Identity Theory [12,16]. ...
... Findings from social psychology, economics, operations research, and marketing research show that social identity strongly influences both subjective and objective interaction metrics [12][13][14][15]. The underlying process that drives changes in these metrics is the formation of different social groups, as described by Social Identity Theory [12,16]. Social Identity Theory describes how people in the same social identity groups attribute more positive characteristics and take more favorable actions toward other members of their social identity, regardless of whether the in-group member is a human or a robot [17][18][19][20][21]. Conversely, members of different social identity groups typically behave more negatively toward each other [22]; this effect also applies to both human-human and human-robot interaction [21,23,24]. ...
Perceptions of gender have a significant impact on human-human interaction, and gender has wide-reaching social implications for robots intended to interact with humans. This work explored two flexible modalities for communicating gender in robots–voice and appearance–and we studied their individual and combined influences on a robot’s perceived gender. We evaluated the perception of a robot’s gender through three online studies. First, we conducted a voice design study (n = 65) on the gender perception of robot voices by varying speaker identity and pitch. Second, we conducted a clothing design study (n = 93) on the gender perception of robot clothing designed for two different tasks. Finally, building on the results of the first two studies, we completed a large integrative video study (n = 273) involving two human-robot interaction tasks. We found that voice and clothing can be used to reliably establish a robot’s perceived gender, and that combining these two modalities can have different effects on the robot’s perceived gender. Taken together, these results inform the design of robot voices and clothing as individual and interacting components in the perceptions of robot gender.
... One reason for the existence of homophily in work relations is that people tend to have more trust and confidence in others who are like them (Tajfel and Turner 2004). When discussing work-related matters, people often feel more at ease with someone who shares their perspectives and understanding of their job (Stets et al. 2021). ...
... Help-seeking implies a need for assistance, which can sometimes be viewed as a sign of weakness or dependence, making employees more likely to turn to their peers. According to social identity theory (Tajfel and Turner 2004), employees seek validation from those who share similar roles or social identities. ...
This paper explores the impact of homophily in formal and social networks within a hierarchical organization. Specifically, it examines how employees form relationships within formal work relations, including the giving and receiving of work orders and help requests, as well as informal social ties. Through Social Network Analysis (SNA), the study identifies the extent to which homophilic tendencies—such as similar roles, gender, race, and other personal characteristics—shape these networks. The innovation of this research lies in comparing homophily across both formal and social networks, using advanced statistical techniques like Moran’s I and Geary’s C to quantify the spatial autocorrelation of roles within the networks. The study concludes that while homophily can enhance communication and collaboration among similar individuals, it also risks creating exclusive networks that limit diversity of ideas and perspectives. The findings suggest that organizations with more rigid hierarchies may be more susceptible to these biases, and strategies to diversify help-seeking networks are recommended to improve organizational decision-making and innovation.
... Such actions could make minority group members feel deprived of something which is rightfully theirs thereby, commencing a need to overturn the existing status quo among the minority group. This can lead to the creation of different resistance movements [79]. This further motivates the dominant group to react in a more intolerant and discriminatory fashion [65; 69]. ...
Objectives. Developing a comprehensive model to understand intergroup relationship through integrating two constructs usually used to be examined discretely; self-stereotyping and stereotyping. Background. Today's understanding of intergroup behavior is firmly grounded in concepts related to stereotypes. In literature, apparently, there are, two dominant approaches in studying ste-reotype's effect on intergroup relations. The first approach focuses on the effect of dominant group's stereotype on intergroup relation, while the second approach focuses on studying the impacts of self stereotyping on victims. Furthermore, minority groups' self-sterotyping is considered to be derived from the dominant groups' stereotype. As a result, the prevailing approaches are insensitive to the dynamics in self-stereotype and its implication to the intergroup relationship. In this article, it is claimed that the etiology of intergroup behavior could be better understood by considering a mutually interacting groups' perspective. Methodology. Systematic approach of reviewing the prevailing literature pertaining to stereotyping and self-stereotyping and integrative analysis method to develop new perspective. Conclusion. Intergroup relation involves the interaction of two or more groups each of them having stereotypes regarding their own group and outgroup. Thus, in this paper, we argued that, the etiology of intergroup behavior cannot be adequately understood without employing the belief system of mutually interacting groups. Hence, we integrated self-stereotyping and other's stereotypes and the behaviors that emerge during intergroup relations is predicted using the dynamics in the content/valence of minority group members' self-stereotyping simultaneously with the dominant groups' stereotype. The integration of these two approaches appears to offer the most adequate explanation for the complex nature of in-tergroup behavior. Цель. Разработка комплексной модели межгрупповых отношений путем интеграции двух различных концепций: формирования стереотипов о себе и стереотипов о других. Контекст и актуальность. Современное понимание межгруппового поведения прочно основа-но на концепциях, связанных со стереотипами. Очевидно, в литературе доминируют два под-хода к изучению влияния стереотипов на межгрупповые отношения. Первый подход фокусиру-ется на влиянии стереотипа доминирующей группы на межгрупповые отношения, тогда как второй подход фокусируется на изучении воздействия стереотипов о себе как о жертвах этих стереотипов. Кроме того, стереотипы о себе в группах меньшинств считаются производными от стереотипов доминирующих групп. В результате преобладающие подходы не рассматрива-ют динамику стереотипа о себе и ее влияние на межгрупповые отношения. В статье утверж-дается, что этиологию межгруппового поведения можно лучше понять, рассматривая точки зрения взаимодействующих групп. Методология. Системный подход к обзору литературы, рассматривающей стереотипы о других и о себе, и метод интегративного анализа для разработки нового подхода. Вывод. Межгрупповые отношения предполагают взаимодействие двух или более групп, у каждой из которых имеются стереотипы относительно своей собственной груп-пы и внешней группы. В этой статье утверждается, что этиология межгруппового пове-дения не может быть адекватно понята без знания системы убеждений взаимодейству-ющих групп. Исходя из этого, объединены исследования стереотипов о себе и стереотипов о других. Комплексное рассмотрение динамики содержания/валентности стереотипов о себе членов группы меньшинств, с одной стороны, и стереотипов доминирующих групп-с другой, позволяет прогнозировать различные формы поведения членов групп, которые возникают во время межгруппового взаимодействия. Объединение этих двух подходов, по-видимому, обеспечивает наиболее адекватное объяснение сложной природы межгруппово-го поведения. Ключевые слова: стереотипы о себе, стереотипы о других, межгрупповое поведение.
... Bu çalışmada öğrencilerin üniversitenin marka değeri ve kurumsal kimliği ile olan ilişkilerini incelenmiş, aidiyet duygusunun üniversite ürünlerine olan talebi artırdığı ortaya konulmuştur. Aidiyet duygusu, bireylerin bir kuruma olan bağlılıklarını ve bu kurumun bir parçası olma isteklerini ifade eder (Tajfel ve Turner, 1986). Bu bağlamda, üniversite öğrencilerinin aidiyet duygusunun yüksek olması, üniversitelerin sunduğu imkanları değerlendirmelerini olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. ...
Kurum kültür nesneleri, kurumların temel görsel özelliklerini ve kimliklerini yansıtan eşyalardır. Üniversitelerin de kendi kimliklerini yansıtan pek çok kurum kültür nesnesine sahip olduğu ve hediyelik ürün kapsamında satışının yapıldığı bilinmektedir. Bu araştırmada ise kurum kültür nesnesine sahip olmayan Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi konu edinilmiş, kurumu yansıtan giyim ürünleri tasarlanarak üniversite öğrencilerine likert tipi anketler uygulanmıştır.
Anketler kapsamında öğrencilerin ürünlere karşı olan beğenisi, üniversiteye aidiyet durumları, satın almaya yönelik eğilimleri araştırılmış ve bu ilişkiler arasında mutluluğun rolü incelenmiştir. Araştırma, alanda daha önce ele alınmamış bu konuyu mutluluk ve tüketici davranışı bağlamında öne çıkarmaktadır. Bulgulara göre, üniversite aidiyeti ve satın alma davranışı arasında pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu, ayrıca mutluluğun bu ilişkide aracı rolü olduğu görülmüştür.
... On the other hand, individuals who hold more moderate or ambivalent political beliefs may exhibit less pronounced impacts of political concern on egoistic drive (Jacobs and McConnell 2022). Research indicates that individuals with liberal political ideologies are more inclined to exhibit altruistic behaviors, such as contributing to environmental causes, endorsing sustainability initiatives, and acquiring eco-friendly products (Jung and Mittal 2020), which aligns with Social Identity Theory (Tajfel and Turner 1986), which posits that those who identify with political movements advocating environmentalism internalize altruistic values. Individuals with greater political awareness are more likely to support sustainable causes, enhancing altruistic motivation in their consumption choices (Gifford and Nilsson 2014). ...
This research investigates how distinct forms of motivation, altruistic and egoistic, influence customers’ purchasing intentions for green products. Three hundred respondents were surveyed using a structured questionnaire to obtain the data. This quantitative study employs the structured equation model (SEM) approach. Data were analyzed by Smart PLS version 4.1.0.8 using the PLS algorithm and bootstrapping. The study results indicated that health, economic, and social concerns positively correlated with altruistic and egoistic motivation. In contrast, political concerns had no impact on altruistic and egoistic motivation. The study also showed altruistic and egoistic motivation significantly and positively influenced green product purchase intention. The results show that altruistic motivations often increase purchase intention for green items by appealing to people’s desire to contribute positively to environmental sustainability. This study has elucidated sustainable consumption behaviors, including the consumption of green products, and identified the most influential motivational factors. Additionally, it conveys a clear message to policymakers, enabling them to promote consumer adoption of green products.
... Research on cultural identity, defined as psychological identification with social groups related to one's racial/ethnic heritage, cultural upbringing, and current cultural involvement, has largely progressed along three major traditions: Social Identity Theory in social psychology (Tajfel & Turner, 1986), a Psychosocial Identity Status Model applied to ethnic identity in developmental psychology (Marcia, 1966;Phinney, 1992), and an Acculturation Model in crosscultural psychology (Berry, 1997). In all three paradigms, cultural identity is conceptualized as people's self-categorization according to racial, ethnic, national, and also religious group labels (Ward & Szabó, 2023;Umaña-Taylor et al., 2014). ...
The spread of digital communication around the globe has raised questions about the nature of digitally mediated cultural identity and how worldviews are constructed in the context of permeable and dynamic communities less tethered to physical geography. To expand research on the impacts of digital communication on cultural identity development among adolescents in the Majority World, the present study compared the worldviews of indigenous Maya adolescents before and after the Internet and mobile devices became widely used in their community. Adolescents were interviewed in 2009 (N = 80; 40 girls, Mage = 16.94) and in 2018 (N = 79; 44 girls, Mage = 15.91) using eight vignettes that were developed from ethnographic work in the community and designed to elicit participants’ cultural beliefs and values. In each story, one character articulates a traditional, collectivistic worldview, and another articulates a Western, individualistic worldview present in the community. Participants were asked who they agreed with and why, and responses were analyzed quantitatively (pattern of character endorsements) and qualitatively (frameworks of meaning). Analysis of covariance showed no differences in character endorsements across the two cohorts. Schooling, not the use of mobile devices or social media, uniquely predicted alignment with individualistic characters in regression analyses. Although individualistic values did not increase, qualitative analyses of frameworks of meaning showed that adolescents in the two cohorts differed in how they integrated individualistic and collectivistic perspectives. The study demonstrates the importance of locally relevant mixed methods for understanding changes in the contents of cultural identity over historical time.
... In group therapy, we are particularly interested in identity-based subgroups and their corresponding faultlines (Grimes, 2023;Kivlighan et al., 2024). Individuals identify subgroups according to shared values and social characteristics to simplify the social world (Tajfel & Turner, 1986). Social identity constellation has been linked to different attitudes and civil action engagement on racial, gender, and sexual orientation issues (e.g., Atteberry-Ash et al., 2023;Maker Castro et al., 2022;Yoo et al., 2021). ...
Subgroups in group therapy have long been considered an important concern. In this study, we examined how identity-based faultlines (i.e., the likelihood of splitting into subgroups based on member demographic information; Meyer & Glenz, 2013) would moderate the link between therapeutic factors and the reduction of psychological distress. Using data from 26 Chinese counseling groups comprising 141 group members (52.34% women, Mage = 22.41), we investigated the relations between identity-based faultlines (group level), early therapeutic factors (member level, measured at Session 2), and group members’ psychological distress (member level). Results from the two-level linear regression model indicated that being in a group with higher identity-based faultlines did not directly predict members’ symptom reduction. Furthermore, high faultline seemed to facilitate rather than impede group process, such that a member’s perceived helpfulness of the group process (therapeutic factors) in early group more strongly predicted symptom reduction in high-faultline groups and that members with higher levels of pregroup psychological distress reported more symptom reduction in high-faultline groups. Our findings provided new evidence that identity-based faultlines could also have positive effects on group therapy. We discussed the implications of identity-based faultlines in the Chinese context.
... This inherent moral nature of loyalty as a principle or virtue distinguishes it from other related constructs in social psychology and organizational behavior (Hildreth et al., 2016). For example, the constructs of commitment (Allen & Meyer, 1990;Becker, 1960;Klein et al., 2012;Meyer et al., 2006), identification (Abrams & Hogg, 1988;Tajfel & Turner, 1986), and liking (Rubin, 1973) are superficially similar to the construct of loyalty. Loyalty is, however, unique insofar as morality is central to the construct (Hildreth et al., 2016). ...
Wage theft—the underpayment or nonpayment of workers’ wages and benefits by employers—is pervasive in the US and abroad, adversely affecting the lives and livelihoods of millions of people annually. Although academics, advocacy groups, and investigative journalists have made advances in documenting the pervasiveness and severity of wage theft practices across states, nations, and industries, research has yet to identify and characterize the processes that make the public see such practices as legitimate. Across four well-powered studies (total N = 2291), we leverage theory and research on moral identity and on evolutionary approaches to moral values to investigate a possible underlying psychological antecedent of the judged legitimacy of wage theft. We propose that the value placed on a widely shared and moralized principle—loyalty—may (ironically) underlie the legitimization of wage theft practices. Although people often consider loyalty to be a positive moral principle or virtue that ought to be valued and exemplified in social and business relations, we find consistent evidence that placing more value on loyalty closely tracks stronger beliefs that wage theft practices are legitimate. Ultimately, differences in the valuation of loyalty may help to explain and predict judgments about the legitimacy of wage theft practices across individuals, groups, organizations, and cultures.
... Identity theory, derived from symbolic interactionism, highlights the role of social interaction in self-construction, through which individuals internalize behaviors associated with their social roles, thereby giving meaning to their identities (Hogg et al., 1995;Stryker, 2010). While social identity theory and its extended self-categorization theory posit that society is composed of various social categories, and individuals situate themselves within society through self-categorization, deriving their identities from the social categories with which they align (Tajfel, 2004;Liu et al., 2022). Although the focus of the two theories differs-the former, rooted in microsociology, emphasizes social interactions between individuals, while the latter, stemming from social psychology, focuses on psychological cognition-both examine identity from a micro perspective and fully consider the interaction between society and the self (Zhang & Yang, 2022). ...
Amidst rural tourism gentrification, local residents' identity construction offers a window into how rapid local development transforms inter-subject power relations. Guided by embeddedness theory, a longitudinal case study in Ankang Village, China with 78 interviews and observations was conducted to explore the dynamics and mechanism of local residents' identity construction as hosts. Findings reveal that as tourism grows, local residents adopt interactive strategies of withdrawal, negotiation, and advocacy, constructing three identities: "nominal hosts", "dubious hosts", and "true hosts". The reshuffling of identities results from the internal mechanism of "power disparity-interest consistency-identity subjectivity". Successful demonstration by gentrifiers and equitable sharing of benefits would help the local community maintain its core status in dialogue with external entities, thereby achieving sustainable community-based tourism.
... Therefore, social networks are important as they bring value to individuals, not only with family and close friends, but also with opportunities to create new friends. It can also relate to social identity, where people connect with in-groups -i.e. a community of people with a shared interest who provide social and emotional support (Tajfel & Turner, 1986). ...
This study addresses the gambling experiences of 777 adult (aged 18+) sports fans in Australia, collected via an online survey from July 2024 to September2024. Although 86% were aware of gambling advertising in Australian sports, just under one third (31%) gamble on sports, with a majority gambling low amounts of money on an infrequent basis. Focusing on the reasons behind those who gamble, we apply Bourdieu’s concepts of field, habitus, and social and cultural capital to explain how they sought a quest for excitement to accrue social and cultural capital in matches they watched, rather than trying to acquire economic capital. Although they primarily gamble via apps on their mobile phone, gambling discussions with family and friends on apps like Snapchat and WhatsApp maintain social and cultural capital as part of their broader experience of being a sports fan.
... It would be interesting, for example, to examine how job seekers and current employees evaluate MNEs that have been accused of posing a national security threat, and how their evaluations impact their joining decisions and attrition rates. Based on social identity theory, our affiliation with a particular company partly defines who we are, and we feel a sense of pride from being affiliated with a good company (Tajfel & Turner, 1986). Research has revealed that being associated with a good company can enhance self-esteem and help us gain social approval and impress others (Highhouse et al., 2007). ...
Recent years have witnessed a surge in national security concerns associated with foreign direct investments (FDI). However, International Business research has hitherto paid limited attention to this phenomenon. While scholars in International Relations and International Law have examined the institutional and policy-level dimensions of FDI securitization, existing research remains predominantly macro-level and fails to explain how and why specific multinational enterprises' (MNEs) investments become national security threats. To address this gap, I draw on organizational field theory and develop the Dual-Field Framework (DFF) to introduce a field-level approach to demonstrate that the securitization of FDI is a field-driven process. This study highlights the central role of domestic politics and geopolitics in shaping how FDI translate into a national security threat. This chapter further outlines key directions for future research on FDI-related national security concerns, and offers managerial implications for MNEs from a field perspective.
... Social categorization, such as forming distinct groups, leads to the development of social identities, where individuals identify with specific social groups (Turner et al., 1987;Abrams and Hogg, 1988). Social identity processes have far-reaching effects on various intergroup and psychological phenomena, such as leading to negative attitudes and discrimination between groups (Stephan and Stephan, 1985;Tajfel and Turner, 2004;Gordils et al., 2021Gordils et al., , 2023. Social group identities are not fixed; they can be influenced by categorization processes, such as reducing identification with ingroups (e.g., Wilder and Allen, 1978;Gaertner et al., 1993;Dovidio et al., 1995;Van Bavel and Cunningham, 2010), or redefining group boundaries (Dovidio et al., 2000;Brewer, 2011). ...
Democrats and Republicans increasingly demonstrate negative intergroup attitudes, posing a threat to bipartisan progress. Based on the Common Ingroup Identity Model, people from different political groups can simultaneously identify with a superordinate group, such as a national identity. This has the potential to ameliorate negative intergroup attitudes, though high levels of national identity are also associated with authoritarianism and intolerance. How can a common national identity improve relations between Democrats and Republicans? In this observational study (N = 1,272), Democrats and Republicans differed in how they defined what it means to be American, and higher American identity was related to more positive attitudes toward members of the other party. Most importantly, this relationship was moderated by participants' definition of what it means to be “American,” regardless of party or political orientation. Those who defined what it means to be American in more restrictive terms (i.e., U.S.-born, English-speaking, and Christian) reported less positive attitudes toward members of the other political party as their identification as an American became stronger. Taken together, our results suggest that strengthening national identity might be key to improving attitudes between Democrats and Republicans, as long as this identity is inclusive.
... When a specific collective emotion is strong, individuals who identify as part of that group are more likely to personally experience the same emotion in a group-based form. In the context of soccer, collective emotions and perceptions about teammates following competitive matches are strongly linked to individuals' group-based emotions (Goldenberg et al., 2020;Lazarus, 1991;Tajfel & Turner, 1986). ...
The purpose of numerous scientific disciplines is to comprehend human behaviour. However, much of human behaviour that is understood to date occurs in artificial laboratory settings. Although this approach allows researchers to control variables, it is limited in understanding human behaviour in natural, fast and high pressure performance environments like soccer. Video-notational analysis could address these limitations by providing behavioural observations, following constructionist perspectives that argue that understanding behaviours in context – relative to environments and relationships – is fundamental. Accordingly, this conceptual paper explores the use of video-notational analysis to examine players’ behaviours in soccer, particularly emotions, visual exploratory activity (VEA) and intra-team communication. These topics were selected by the technical staff of Ajax AFC as they could provide immediate video inputs to the team and individual players about their psychological performance. The paper reviews previous literature on the use of video-notational analysis in understanding these players’ behaviours and its potential contributions to the field of sport psychology and performance analysis for future research, integrating emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning as well as practical implications and reflections.
... Mainstream portrayals describing movements Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ijpor/article/37/1/edaf005/8069305 by guest on 17 March 2025 as a deviant "other," unrepresentative of the public opinion, predispose the public to attribute negative characteristics to these groups, which they perceive to be outside the boundaries of their in-groups. Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) helps explain why individuals are unlikely to challenge negative out-group representations as long as such representations do not negatively impact their self-concept (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971). Any given group presented by the news media as radical, or simply uncivil and disruptive, may easily be detached from normative ideas of being a law-abiding, good citizen. ...
This study explores the conditions under which the (adverse) effects of exposure to protest groups’ media portrayals are, in theory, attenuated. Two experiments manipulated the degree to which protest coverage adhered to the “protest paradigm.” One version presented the protesters as violent, unlawful, and disruptive; the other was more balanced. Group cause and news article’s source were also manipulated. Results from Study 1 showed that effects remained negative even when prior favorable attitudes toward the cause existed, with closely adherent coverage generally leading to more negative protester evaluations, lower levels of identification with protesters, and lower protest intention, often independent of participants’ prior attitudes. In contrast, Study 2 showed that the negative portrayals’ effects were rather inconsequential when participants’ ideology was considered.
... Building on the Social Identity Theory, which posits that individuals derive part of their identity from the groups to which they belong, we can understand how friendships formed in social contexts influence brand perceptions. When consumers perceive a brand as part of their social identity-often through shared experiences and interactions with friends-they are likelier to develop a sense of loyalty and affection towards that brand (Tajfel & Turner, 1986). ...
This study aims to explore the influence of celebrity credibility in the context of celebrity endorsement on the formation of brand love and the role of friendship in moderating this relationship. Quantitative research methods were used, involving online surveys and structured interviews with consumers who have experience with brands that involve celebrity endorsements. Purposive sampling with a final 95 respondents participating in this research. PROCESS V3.5 for SPSS was chosen to analyze and test the hypothesis. The results of the analysis show that celebrity credibility has a significant influence on increasing brand love, and social influence plays an important role in strengthening the relationship between celebrity credibility and brand love. The practical implications of this study are the importance of selecting credible celebrities and using social interactions in marketing strategies to strengthen consumers' emotional ties to brands.
... Recently, in the field of management, there is increasing interest in the relationships between perceived external prestige and organizational outcomes (Kamasak, 2011). Based on social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986), an employee's perception of how outsiders view their organization should influence the employee's self-concept (Ashforth & Mael, 1989). Indeed, previous research empirically supported the relationship between perceived prestige of an organization and employees' psychological states in the field of organizational behavior. ...
The primary purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of perceived event prestige (PEP) on intention to continue voluntary work via volunteer commitment and satisfaction at a globally prestigious sporting event. A total of 202 volunteers at the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) Championship, held in August, 2011, in Daegu, South Korea, participated in the study. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) supported the full mediating effects of both attitudinal variables between PEP and intention to continue voluntary work. In other words, volunteers are more likely to feel satisfied with their voluntary work and develop strong commitment toward the event when they perceive high levels of event prestige. In turn, high levels of volunteer satisfaction and commitment tend to increase volunteers’ intention to continue voluntary work for a future event. The results also revealed moderating effects of sport identification between PEP and both attitudinal outcomes.
Background and Aims: Professional identity is the key to professionalism and a characteristic of health services. Having a good professional identity will be in line with the increase in patient safety and the formation of professional identity has been found to have a positive correlation with motivation. The highs and lows of motivation in students in learning can have an impact on the learning process and achievement results and are influenced by several factors such as age, gender, and the length of the gap year. Purpose: This study aims to determine the correlation between professional identity and motivation in first-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University. Methods: This research uses a quantitative method with analytic-observational studies with cross-sectional methods that are conducted on 236 first-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, and are analyzed using Spearman Correlation to determine the bivariate correlation between professional identity and motivation. Result: A total of 210 of 236 subjects who met the eligibility criteria were included in this study. The majority of subjects (n=155, 73.8%) were female, the average age of the subjects was 18 years, and the duration of the gap year of subjects was 0 years (n=169, 80.5%). The professional identity of the majority of subjects was found good (n=195, 92.9%) and motivation was found to be high-moderate in the majority of subjects (x̄=55.9, Med=56). Bivariate tests were analyzed using Spearman correlation and obtained a value of rs = 0.503 (p<0.001).Conclusion: There is a positive and significant correlation between professional identity and motivation among first-year medical students in the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University.
We investigate whether communication networks influence group performance by affecting a group’s shared social identity. We hypothesized that a group’s communication network would influence members’ shared social identity by affecting similarities in individuals’ connections within the group. We manipulated the density and centralization of communication networks in a laboratory experiment. Density had a more positive effect on a shared social identity and group performance when networks were lower in centralization, which led to more similar patterns of connections, than in networks higher in centralization. Further, shared social identity mediated the effect of the network on group performance.
Practice- and Policy-Oriented Abstract
People frequently post their views on hot-button issues, such as immigration, on social media platforms on which the content is often publicly accessible to broad audiences. One of these audiences is hiring managers as more than 50% of organizations report viewing job applicants’ accounts as part of social media screening during the hiring process. Our research shows that applicants’ social media activity on hot-button issues can significantly impact their hireability. In a study of 377 professionals with hiring experience, we find that viewing applicants’ social media posts about immigration influenced judgments of similarity, likability, and two dimensions of hireability: expected task performance and expected organizational citizenship behaviors. Surprisingly, the hot-button posts outweighed job-relevant information regardless of where (Facebook or Twitter) the content was viewed; this indicates hiring managers generalized their impressions across social media platforms. A post hoc qualitative applicability check with 79 hiring managers confirmed these findings. Our study highlights the risks of using hedonic social media for screening job applicants, emphasizing the need for organizations to be mindful of how personal disclosures online can unintentionally influence hiring decisions.
Bu araştırma, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat fakültesi öğrencilerinin eğitimlerini aldıkları süreçte karşılaştıkları dışlanma deneyimlerinin hangi nedenlerden kaynaklandığı ve ne şekilde gerçekleştiği sorusundan hareketle hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışma, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi örneğinde, ilahiyat fakültesi öğrencilerinin sosyal entegrasyon kurma amacına karşı gündelik yaşamdaki sosyal dışlanmalarını ve etiketlenmelerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, ilk aşamada, sosyal dışlanma kavramı analiz edilmiş, daha sonra sosyal dışlanma ile alakalı teoriler incelenmiştir. Son aşamada ise, öğrencilere yönelik dışlayıcı etkenler değerlendirilerek, bu dışlanmalarının arkasındaki sosyo-kültürel, dini ve akademik faktörler değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrencilerin iç ve dış sosyal gruplarda yaşadıkları sosyalleşme sorunları, ötekileştir(il)meleri, dışlanmaları, aldıkları eleştiriler ve sosyal imkânlara katılımlarının engellenmesi gibi faktörlerin araştırılması araştırmanın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Ek olarak bu çalışmada, öğrencilerin sosyal dışlanma deneyimlerine odaklanılarak var olan sorunlar karşısında nasıl çözüm yolları geliştirdiklerinin anlaşılması hedeflemektedir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden mülakat tekniği ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmada yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat sorularından elde edilen bulgular, betimleyici fenomenolojik desen ile değerlendirilmiş ve çalışmanın kodları oluşturulduktan sonra alt temalar ve ana temalar belirlenmiştir. Araştırma örneklemi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi'nde eğitim gören öğrencilerden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada katılımcıların seçiminde kartopu örneklemi kullanılmış olup, toplam 29 öğrenci demografik özellikleri eşit dağıtılmaya özen gösterilerek seçilmiştir. Çalışma sonucuna göre öğrencilerin; eğitim aldıkları fakülte, dini kimlik ve yaşantıları, fikir farklılıkları sebebiyle siyasi damgalamaya, sözlü şiddete, toplumsal dışlanmaya maruz kaldıkları; kimlik bunalımı, kaygı problemleri, akademik başarı ve sosyalleşme sorunları yaşadıkları anlaşılmaktadır.
The Twitter Moderation Research Consortium is a database of network propaganda and influence operations that includes 115,474 unique Twitter accounts, millions of tweets, and over one terabyte of media removed from the platform between 2017 and 2022. We probe this database using Google’s Vision API and Keras with TensorFlow to test whether foreign influence operations can be identified based on the visual presentation of fake user profiles emphasizing gender, race, camera angle, sensuality, and emotion. Our results show that sensuality is a variable associated with operations that replicate the Kremlin-linked Internet Research Agency campaign, being particularly prevalent in influence operations that targeted communities in North and South America, but also in Indonesia, Turkey, and Pakistan. Our results also show that the visual identities of fake social media profiles are predictive of influence operations given their reliance on selfies, sensual young women, K-pop aesthetics, or alternatively nationalistic iconography overlaid with text to convey ideological positioning.
This study aims to examine the indirect effect of abusive supervision on work engagement through the mediating role of job insecurity. Supervisor-subordinate gender dissimilarity was tested to examine the moderating role of gender dissimilarity in this mediating mechanism. Resource-based, gender role, and group identity theories drew this study’s hypothetical model. Participants were recruited online through social media groups, professional networks, and researchers’ direct contacts. After removing 53 unusable responses, 420 (89% response rate) were included in the final analysis, with 70% of participants being females. Data were tested for potential subgroup differences (e.g., gender) to ensure no issues related to subgroup effect. The abusive supervision scale, job insecurity scale, and work engagement scale were used in the survey. The results suggested that the negative effect of abusive supervision on work engagement was mediated by job insecurity, and this indirect effect was moderated by supervisor-subordinate gender dissimilarity. Gender dissimilarity accentuated the threats brought by the abusive supervisors, increased employees’ job insecurity, and eventually lowered their work engagement. Gender dissimilarity between supervisors and subordinates should be considered to prevent workplace conflicts. This study is among a few that focus on investigating the role of gender dissimilarity in abusive supervision.
Purpose: To determine the causes, consequences, and potential outcomes of conflict resolution, this study investigates the social elements of sectarian violence in the Sukkur Division district. The study makes use of sociology to explain how to strengthen neighborhood relationships and produce long-lasting peace.Design/Methodology/Approach: The Data were collected through a questionnaire from the victims of sectarian violence. A sample size of 460 was randomly selected. Using techniques of descriptive statistics, reliability, and regression analysis to find out the consequences behind sectarian violence. All methods were performed in the SPSS 30 version for the data analysis.Findings: The findings emphasize the need for socio-politically tailored policies. These measures may strengthen efforts to address sectarian conflict's root causes and promote lasting peace. The study shows that political, social, religious, and historical factors complicate sectarian conflict in the Sukkur Division. The division has gradually developed sectarian divisions, especially in recent decades while accommodating several religious congregations. Economic inequality, political manipulation, and religious extremism raise tensions. Violence has increased due to the state's failure to address inequality and its sometimes-sectarian involvement. Political and religious leaders exploiting these differences for power has made unity and reconciliation harder.
We seek to unpack and complicate traditional findings of Black Americans’ ambivalent progressivism of immigrants and immigration by seriously considering gender as an analytic tool. Specifically, we aim to highlight how Black women’s political and social uniqueness contextualizes their perception of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration. We argue that Black women’s unique race and gendered experiences inform Black women’s attitudes and preferences regarding immigration and immigrants. Further, we take their heterogeneity seriously because Black women are not a monolith. Using the 2020 Collaborative Multiracial Post-election Survey (CMPS), we argue that perceptions of shared disadvantage, high levels of woman of color (WoC) linked fate and intersectional solidarity, and strong Democratic identification will positively influence African American women and Black immigrant women’s progressive attitudes toward immigrants and immigration compared to Black women who have lower levels of shared discrimination, WoC linked fate, intersectional solidarity, or have weak Democratic identification.
Social class is an often neglected component of a clinical psychologist’s multicultural competence, and there have been calls for more research and commentary on how personal social class identities impact upon clinical practice. This article presents the conversations of four working class mental health practitioners reflecting on the process of training and working in NHS children’s mental health in the UK. Throughout the paper we will include both academic research about various parts of the pathway, and also share some of our lived experience, captured from our conversations. We make recommendations for improving the experiences of psychologists from working class backgrounds, and making the most of their unique strengths and experiences.
Scholarship from wide-ranging economic, social-psychological, and evolutionary biological perspectives underscores how war entrenches in-group and out-group divisions. We examine whether Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine has widened the divide between Ukrainians and Russians. Based on a July 2022 nationwide survey of Ukraine with 2000 respondents, we examine social distance toward people who identify as Russian relative to Ukrainian across an array of identity markers (language, ethnicity, citizenship). Compared with pre-war surveys, which showed remarkable intergroup tolerance, social distance appears to have risen since the war began. However, social distance also depends on how identity is framed, where distance is reduced through superordinate civic and semi-inclusive linguistic framings (shared citizenship or a commonly shared spoken language) and increased by ascriptive and exclusionary ethnonational framings. Our results also call into question whether war-related victimization is a primary driver of social divisions arising from conflict. Random priming on victimization experiences reduces social distance toward Russians and does not affect distance to Ukrainians. Self-reported victimization experiences also fail to predict in-group or out-group social distance. We conclude by offering plausible alternative mechanisms to consider for future research.
Buku ini dirancang untuk memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam mengenai kepemimpinan pendidikan, menghubungkan konsep dasar, teori-teori kepemimpinan, dan penerapannya dalam praktik di sekolah. Buku ini terdiri dari berbagai bab yang membahas secara komprehensif peran kepemimpinan di lingkungan pendidikan, dengan penekanan pada implementasi berbagai model dan teori dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di sekolah. Beberapa topik utama yang dibahas dalam buku ini meliputi: (1) Konsep Dasar Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, (2) Teori-teori Kepemimpinan, (3) Kepemimpinan Transformasional dalam Pendidikan, (4) Kepemimpinan Visioner, (5) Model Kepemimpinan Pendidikan di Sekolah, (6) Peran Kepala Sekolah sebagai Pemimpin Pendidikan, (7) Kepemimpinan Berbasis Nilai, (8) Manajemen Perubahan di Sekolah, (9) Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, (10) Komunikasi Efektif dalam Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, (11) Motivasi dan Pemberdayaan Guru, (12) Pengelolaan Konflik dalam Kepemimpinan Sekolah, (13) Kepemimpinan Inklusi, (14) Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia di Sekolah, (15) Pengembangan Profesional Guru dan Staf, (16) Kepemimpinan Berbasis Data, (17) Kepemimpinan dalam Pendidikan Kejuruan, (18) Kepemimpinan dan Manajemen Kurikulum, (19) Kepemimpinan Pendidikan di Era Digital, (20) Pengelolaan Keuangan Sekolah, (21) Membangun Budaya Sekolah yang Positif, (22) Tantangan Kepemimpinan Pendidikan di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0, (23) Evaluasi dan Penilaian dalam Kepemimpinan Pendidikan. Secara keseluruhan, buku ini memberikan panduan yang sangat berharga bagi para kepala sekolah, guru, dan praktisi pendidikan dalam memimpin sekolah dengan efektif, mengelola perubahan, dan menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang produktif. Dengan pembahasan yang terstruktur dan referensi praktis dari berbagai ahli, buku ini menjadi sumber yang sangat penting dalam studi kepemimpinan pendidikan.
This study explores the influence of digital marketing strategies on brand loyalty among young airline passengers, specifically targeting Millennials and Gen Z individuals aged 18-35 years old. With the increasing reliance on digital channels such as social media, email marketing, and search engine marketing, it is crucial to understand how these strategies impact the customer-brand relationship, brand trust, and ultimately, brand loyalty. The research employs a quantitative approach, gathering data from 230 participants who are frequent users of digital platforms and have recent travel experiences with airlines. The findings reveal that social media marketing has the most significant impact on the customer-brand relationship, followed by email and search engine marketing. Additionally, the study confirms that brand trust acts as a critical mediator between digital marketing activities and brand loyalty. These results highlight the importance of tailored digital marketing strategies for airlines aiming to engage and retain young passengers in a highly competitive industry.
In their aim to illustrate their responsiveness to the people, politicians utilize appeals to the people in their communication strategy. While invoking the people is traditionally associated with the context of populism, the use of references to the people is used by politicians across the ideological spectrum. Yet, the effect this has on people’s perceived representation remains unexplored. We combine theories of representation with those of people-centrism in political communication, testing the effect of populist and non-populist cues in references to the people on citizens’ perception of representation. In a first experiment, we test respondents’ perceived representation after being exposed to one of four types of cues in people-centric communication (neutral, pluralist, nationalist, oppositional). A second vignette study replicates and supplements the experiment by adding party cues and sources of information to the stimuli, simulating a more externally valid setting. Results from the experiment show that respondents felt more represented following statements with populist cues. Taking party preference into account, results from the vignette study show that these effects held when the messages came from parties that the respondents favored while respondents reading messages from parties they did not like reported no significant differences between conditions. Respondents also indicated lower levels of perceived representation if politicians from a party they did not favor claimed direct conversations with the people as a source for knowing the people’s will. These results serve as important evidence for the mechanisms at play in the relationship between responsiveness and democratic representation.
Legal transplants, the adoption of foreign legal principles into a domestic legal system, have significantly influenced Indonesia’s legal development. As a country characterized by legal pluralism—comprising state law, customary law (adat), and Islamic law—Indonesia has historically relied on legal transplants to modernize its legal system, bridge legal gaps, and harmonize conflicting traditions. This study examines key cases of legal transplantation in Indonesia, including the adoption of anti-money laundering laws based on FATF recommendations, the integration of constitutional injury principles into the Constitutional Court’s procedural norms, and the application of the proportionality principle in judicial review. Furthermore, the incorporation of Islamic family law through the Compilation of Islamic Law, the regulation of endowments under Law No. 41 of 2004, and the development of Shariah economics through KHES illustrate how traditional Islamic concepts have been adapted to align with modern legal frameworks. While some legal transplants involve direct adoption with minimal changes, others require modifications to fit Indonesia’s socio-cultural and legal context. Despite challenges such as potential conflicts with local traditions and legal inconsistencies, legal transplants remain essential for Indonesia’s legal evolution. By carefully integrating foreign legal norms while preserving local values, Indonesia can continue to strengthen its legal system to meet the needs of its diverse and dynamic society.
Hybrid organizing scholarship has considered various effects of organizational configurations, including evaluations from external audience members. Due to the particular focus of hybrid scholarship on organizations that are subject to market logic, however, it is difficult to determine whether hybrid form or market logic is most relevant to evaluators. We therefore conduct two online vignette experiments, one of which is preregistered. We confirm our hypothesis that the presence of market logic decreases evaluators intent to transact with the organization, mediated through moral legitimacy. We do not confirm our hypothesis, however, that hybrid form decreases intent to transact, mediated through cognitive legitimacy. We further find that the negative market logic effect does not vary by organizational field. Our explicit focus on market logic, and its moral legitimacy evaluations, forms our core contribution to hybrid organizing scholarship, which tends to heavily lean upon the categories scholarship to explain negative audience evaluations.
The Russian invasion of Ukraine, with its implications for European security, has intensified the need to understand European public opinion on potential conflict strategies. This study delves into the formation of these opinions, focusing on utilitarian factors like economic interests and threat perception, and ideological elements such as political orientation, national identity and perceptions of Russia and Ukraine. Utilising a two-wave panel survey from five European Union (EU) countries, our findings underscore that ideological factors, especially trust in Russia and Ukraine are paramount in shaping support for escalation or de-escalation. Economic concerns, threat perceptions, right-wing ideologies and strong national identities also play significant roles. This research not only illuminates European sentiment on the war in Ukraine but also enriches broader discussions on the determinants of public opinion in international conflicts.
Kajian ini meninjau pilihan bahasa mengikut umur dalam kalangan mahasiswa di Pulau Pinang dalam domain keluarga dan pendidikan. Kajian dilakukan dengan pengedaran borang soal selidik melalui Google Form. Seramai 164 orang responden terlibat dalam kajian ini. Pendekatan Fishman tentang pilihan bahasa mengikut domain digunakan sebagai kerangka kajian. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti taburan pilihan bahasa mengikut umur dalam kalangan mahasiswa di Pulau Pinang dalam domain keluarga dan pendidikan dengan menggunakan analisis Crostabb. Kajian ini turut melihat perbezaan pilihan bahasa dengan umur dalam kalangan mahasiswa di Pulau Pinang dalam domain keluarga dan pendidikan dengan menggunakan analisis ANOVA. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan (p<0.05) antara mahasiswa berumur 22 dan 23 tahun ketika berbual dengan ibu, ayah dan adik-beradik. Manakala, tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan (p>0.05) ketika berbual dengan datuk dan nenek, membentangkan tugasan, berinteraksi dengan pensyarah dan menjalankan program di universiti. Dapatan ini menunjukkan bahawa pelajar yang belajar di Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) akan memastikan diri mereka menggunakan bahasa Melayu atau bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa utama ketika dalam domain pendidikan. Namun, dialek-dialek Melayu menjadi pilihan dalam domain keluarga. Maka, jelaslah bahawa mahasiswa di USM dapat memilih bahasa yang bersesuaian berdasarkan konteks rasmi dan tidak rasmi ketika berinteraksi. This study explores language choice according to age among students in Penang, focusing on the domains of family and education. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed via Google Form, with a total of 164 respondents participating. Fishman’s framework on language selection by domain served as the theoretical basis for this research. The study aimed to identify the distribution of language choice across different age groups using Crosstab analysis and to examine differences in language choice by age using ANOVA analysis. The findings revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in language use between students aged 22 and 23 years when communicating with their mothers, fathers, and siblings. Conversely, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed when interacting with grandparents, presenting assignments, engaging with lecturers, or participating in university programmes. These results indicate that students at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) predominantly use Malay or English as the primary languages in the educational domain, while Malay dialects are preferred within the family domain. The study concludes that USM students adapt their language choice based on the formal or informal context of their interactions.
A review of major literature on conflict prevention reveals a lack of consensus on the subject matter. One strand of the debate revolves around whether conflict prevention should be limited solely to the early and non-escalatory stages of conflict, or it should also encompass the escalation and post-conflict stages. Other scholars question the feasibility of assessing whether preventive actions have made a difference. Additionally, examining the role of traditional institutions in conflict prevention introduces a third layer of complexity to the discussion as they are typically approached within the context of conflict resolution. This paper investigates the role of traditional institutions in preventing inter-ethnic conflicts, focusing on the case of Gereb in northeast Ethiopia. The study draws upon documentary materials spanning from 2006 to 2020 and interviews with 40 key informants representing all major stakeholders and FGD with members of the community in the locality. It discovered that local communities have their own concepts of peace, conflict, and conflict prevention. The paper argues that not only is it possible to measure conflict prevention interventions, but traditional institutions are capable of preventing inter-ethnic conflict and the Gerebs have successfully prevented inter-ethnic death and reduced conflicts from communal to individual levels. This suggests that the sustainability of peace hinges upon the local community's ownership of the peace process itself, highlighting the efficacy of a bottom-up approach in addressing conflicts across Africa.
West Africa faces an extremely high terrorist threat. The dramatic increase in terrorist activity in the sub region is primarily due to two groups: Jama'at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM) and the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS). Although the territorial presence and activity of Al-Qaida and its affiliates (particularly Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)) was initially limited to the extreme north of Mali, it has now expanded across large areas of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. The growing strength of ISIL in West Africa has compounded the terrorist threat and contributed to the deteriorating security situation in the subregion. The current article therefore presents an assessment of the history and causes of radicalisation in West Africa based on the previous literatures. The methodology employed in this work was desk-based and library-oriented research. Desk research, also known as secondary research or library research, is a method of gathering information and insights by analyzing and synthesizing existing data and sources rather than conducting primary data collection through fieldwork or surveys. The findings indicate that it is difficult to identify a single reason that can sufficiently explain the existence of radicalisation in any particular country or region, and West Africa is no exception. However, through the findings it was concluded that factors such as political repression, widespread corruption in governance, dysfunctional governments and available large number of unemployed youth were key causes. It is suggested that ECOWAS makes great progress in issues relating to conflict management and prevention with the introduction of some protocols. For instance, Article 3 of ECOWAS Protocol relating to the mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, Resolution and Security outlines fighting terrorism and radicalisation as one of its objectives.
Algorithmic control in app‐work platforms has sparked widespread concerns regarding its impact on app workers' work well‐being. Existing research has predominantly explored the economic and operational benefits yet largely ignored its effects on app workers' work well‐being. This study investigates when and how algorithmic control promotes or inhibits app workers' well‐being. Drawing on the job demands‐resources model and the sociotechnical perspective of work design, we propose an inverted U‐shaped relationship between algorithmic control and the work well‐being of app workers. We find that this curvilinear relationship is further moderated by app‐workers' multi‐focus identification (i.e., organizational and occupational identification) and their perception of algorithmic fairness. A time‐lagged study of 304 app workers supports the hypothesized model. Additionally, to address the lack of a validated measurement tool, we developed and validated a perceived algorithmic control scale based on three rational control mechanisms. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
This study investigates the impact of top management team (TMT) foreignness on corporate greenwashing. Drawing on social identity theory, we argue that foreign TMT members, suffering more from individual liability of foreignness (LOF), adopt a more cautious approach to uncertain environmental disclosures and are more concerned with preventing corporate misbehaviors. These lead foreign TMT members to communicate companies' environmental initiatives in a more honest manner, thereby effectively reducing corporate greenwashing. We further propose that the negative relation between TMT foreignness and greenwashing will be strengthened when a firm faces higher earnings pressure and operates in a less marketized environment, as these conditions exacerbate individual LOF on foreign TMT members. Empirical analysis of a sample of Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2022 confirms our arguments, suggesting that hiring foreign executives can be an effective strategy for mitigating greenwashing, particularly in contexts where individual LOF is more pronounced.