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Inclusive Design of Urban Spaces: Deaf and Blind Urbanism through Spatial and Multi-sensory Design
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In the design of urban environments, the relations between the physical features of space is deeply connected with the ease or limitation of movement within a space, which is why there is a broad body of technical knowledge and detailed regulation in this field. These systems of regulations make it easier for the professionals who work with the design of urban public spaces to understand and to take into consideration dimensional and functional aspects of objects and spaces aimed at persons who suffer restrictions in their movements. However, it is far more complicated to analyse how man-made environmental features can help or hinder persons who suffer from perceptual disabilities, and especially, for those who cannot see or hear. Minuscule details in the design of urban spaces can improve the lives of the users utilizing these spaces, or in some cases, it makes it harder. A successful design for urban space should be an inclusive design; designed for everyone to use and enjoy, everyone includes the elderly and kids, men and women including those with different kinds of disabilities. In most of the cases, urban designers think of disabled users as only wheelchair users, forgetting deaf, blind, people with Down syndrome and so on. This paper focuses on Deaf and Blind Urbanism and how cities can be designed to make the life of differently abled users better and to create new spaces which are more inclusive and diverse.
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As the world moves towards an increasingly integrated global system; where societies, communities and economies of countries are dependent on one another, conflicts and wars have rippling effects on a worldwide scale. Migration and immigration are essential aspects of globalisation; countries generally prepare and anticipate large flows of the population, but whenever there is mass displacement of communities due to conflicts or natural disasters, the world considers this a crisis.
This dissertation aims to define guidelines to design new communities for refugees within existing ones. Additionally, to use urban design to help them integrate with locals and create new spaces that enhance their sense of place. Doing so will ensure that the new generations can develop their sense of identity without forgetting the culture of their countries.
The identification of architectural elements that come together to create the visual and cultural identity of the ‘homeland’ are analysed through the fundamental characteristics and principles of architecture.
The findings of the research conducted in this dissertation are applied through an urban design exercise; it includes that successful integration does not have to come at the cost of one’s cultural identity. By blending immigrant identities with that of the host countries, the contesting cultural identities can be balanced. Hence, increasing the odds of successful integration.
Occupational therapy theory, practice and research has increasingly emphasized the transactional relationship between person, environment and occupation. Occupational performance results from the dynamic relationship between people, their occupations and roles, and the environments in which they live, work and play. There have, however, been few models of practice in the occupational therapy literature which discuss the theoretical and clinical applications of person-environment interaction. This paper proposes a Person-Environment-Occupation Model of occupational performance which builds on concepts from the Occupational Therapy Guidelines for Client Centered Practice and from environment-behaviour theories. The model describes interactions between person, occupation and environment, outlines major concepts and assumptions, and is applied to a practice situation.
This chapter focuses on the issues in current city planning and rebuilding. It describes the principles and aims that have shaped modern, orthodox city planning and rebuilding. The chapter shows how cities work in real life, because this is the only way to learn what principles of planning and what practices in rebuilding can promote social and economic vitality in cities, and what practices and principles will deaden these attributes. In trying to explain the underlying order of cities, the author uses a preponderance of examples from New York. The most important thread of influence starts, more or less, with Ebenezer Howard, an English court reporter for whom planning was an avocation. Howard's influence on American city planning converged on the city from two directions: from town and regional planners on the one hand, and from architects on the other.
Accurately aligning to the crosswalk is an important component of safe street crossing for pedestrians who are blind. Six alignment cues were evaluated in a simulated crosswalk environment in which crosswalk angle was not always in line with ramp slope. The effectiveness of each cue is reported and implications are discussed.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chalmers University of Technology, 2000.
This is a conference paper. Let us say you wish to design and develop a new product or technology. You want to ensure that as many people as possible are able to use it—not only is it politically and in some countries legally correct but with our ageing population it makes good economic sense. You want to follow existing design advice, of which you have been told there is much around. But where is the best place to look, and who do you go to for more specific information? You may decide to look for published materials, such as design guidelines. However, when you find guidelines, you cannot always be sure that they will be applicable to your specific product or technology. If you follow these guidelines, can you be sure that your product will be usable by more people?
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