A new high yielding MYMV disease resistant blackgram variety VBN 8

Abstract

The high yielding blackgram variety VBN 8 is a cross derivative of VBN 3 x VBG 04-008. Average yield of VBN 8 is 900 kg/ha
which is 11.9 and 13.5 percent increased yield over the check varieties VBN 6 (804 kg/ha) and CO 6 (793) respectively. It
matures in 65 – 70 days. Under irrigated condition, it performed well by recording 988 kg/ha and the yield increases was 15.29
and 22.28 per cent over the check varieties VBN 6 (857 kg/ha) and CO 6 (808 kg/ha) respectively. Under rainfed condition, this
variety recorded 871 kg/ha with 23.20 and 25.87 per cent yield increase over the above checks varieties. The special features of
this new variety is determinate plant type with synchronized maturity and highly resistant to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus
(MYMV) disease, resistant to leaf crinkle and moderately resistant to powdery mildew diseases.

Full text

Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 9(4): 1272-1279 (Dec 2018)
ISSN 0975-928X
1272
DOI: 10.5958/0975-928X.2018.00159.X
Research Article
A new high yielding MYMV disease resistant blackgram variety VBN 8
M. Pandiyan, S. Geetha, R. P. Gnanamalar, D. Packiaraj, A. Mahalingam, D. Sassikumar, D. Dinakaran,
R. P. Soundararajan, C. Vijayaraghavan, P. Rajarathinam and V.K. Satya
National Pulses Research Centre,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Vamban – 622 303. Tamil Nadu.
E-Mail: mahalingamcpbg2008@gmail.com
(Received: 06 Jun 2018; Revised: 26 Sep 2018; Accepted:19 Oct 2018)
Abstract
The high yielding blackgram variety VBN 8 is a cross derivative of VBN 3 x VBG 04-008. Average yield of VBN 8 is 900 kg/ha
which is 11.9 and 13.5 percent increased yield over the check varieties VBN 6 (804 kg/ha) and CO 6 (793) respectively. It
matures in 65 – 70 days. Under irrigated condition, it performed well by recording 988 kg/ha and the yield increases was 15.29
and 22.28 per cent over the check varieties VBN 6 (857 kg/ha) and CO 6 (808 kg/ha) respectively. Under rainfed condition, this
variety recorded 871 kg/ha with 23.20 and 25.87 per cent yield increase over the above checks varieties. The special features of
this new variety is determinate plant type with synchronized maturity and highly resistant to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus
(MYMV) disease, resistant to leaf crinkle and moderately resistant to powdery mildew diseases.
Key words
Blackgram, VBN 8, High yield, MYMV disease resistance
Introduction
Blackgram (Vigna mungo) is one of the most
important pulse crop in India.
It is a cheap source of dietary protein 20 – 25%.
Pulses are important to low income countries where
the major sources of protein are non-animal products
(Benbelhassen, 2005). In Tamil Nadu, it is cultivated
in an area of 3.73 lakh hectares with a production of
3.60 lakh tones and productivity of 645 kg/ha.
(Annual report 2016-17 of AICRP on MULLaRP).
MYMV is a serious disease in blackgram and it is
one of the main factors for decreased yield and
production. Based on several studies, it has been
confirmed that at least two virus species causing
Yellow Mosaic Virus Disease (YMVD) are prevalent
in Indian sub continent. One of these species,
mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is
commonly occurring in northern part of Indian sub
continent while Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus
(MYMV) is mostly confined to peninsular region of
India (Varma and Malathi 2003; Malathi and John
2008). The losses due to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic
Virus Disease (MYMVD) have been observed from
60 to 100 %. Since the virus transmission is attributed
by the vector-whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), control of
MYMVD based upon limiting the vector population
by using insecticides is ineffective under severe
whitefly infestations. Further, this is also not an eco
friendly approach. The most effective way to prevent
the occurrence of this disease is to develop
genetically resistant cultivars ( Mahalingam et al.,
2018). Hence, VBN 8 was developed to identify a
high yielding new variety with resistant to Mungbean
Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) disease.
Material and Methods
VBN 3 and VBG 04-008 were used as parents in
hybridasation programme during the year 2005. The
F1 to F6 were evaluated at National Pulses Research
Centre, Vamban.The homozygous F6 progeny was
identified as high yielding and named as VBG 09-005
during 2009. Preliminary and Advanced Yield Trials
(PYT & AYT) were conducted along with the local
check varieties from 2009 to 2011. Further, based on
its superiority at station trials it was tested under
Multilocation Trials (MLT) at different research
station of the Tamil Nadu Agriculturtal University
from 2011 to 2013 and also nominated for evaluation
under AICRP trials during Kharif and Rabi 2011-12.
The culture was VBG 09-005 promoted to Adaptive
Resaearch Tiral (ART) and On Farm Tiral. The
culture VBG 09-005 was also screened for there
resistance against major diseases and insect-pests.
The resistance against MYMV disease were
confirmed artificially through agro- inoculation
technique. Pest resistance was confirmed through
field screening. Bassed on the yield superiority over

Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 9(4): 1272-1279 (Dec 2018)
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DOI: 10.5958/0975-928X.2018.00159.X
station, MLT, ART and OFT results it was proposed
for release as Blackgram VBN 8. In 2016, State
Variety Relase Committee approved and relaesed it
as Blackgram VBN 8.
Results and Discussion
The blackgram culture VBG 09 - 005 is a cross
derivative of VBN 3 x VBG 04-008 and matures in
65-70 days. It is suitable for cultivation in kharif and
rabi seasons of Tamil Nadu. The average yield is 900
kg/ha which is 11.9 and 13.5 percent increase over
VBN 6 (804 kg/ha) and CO 6 (793 kg/ha)
respectively (Table 1.). Under irrigated condition, it
recorded an average yield of 988 kg/ha. The yield
increases was 15.3 and 22.3 per cent over the check
varieties VBN 6 (857 kg/ha) and CO 6 (808 kg/ha)
respectively (Table 2). Under rainfed condition, the
culture VBG09-005 has recorded 871 kg/ha with 23.2
and 25.9 per cent yield increase over the above
checks varieties (Table 3).
In Preliminary row yield trial (PRYT), Preliminary
yield trial (PYT) and Advance yield trial (AYT) at
NPRC, Vamban the culture VBG 09-005 recorded
mean yield of 1095 kg/ha which is 35.4, 27.8, 36.0,
41.4 and 32.6 per cent increase over the checks
VBN (Bg) 7 (809 kg/ha), VBN 6 (857 kg/ha) , VBN
(Bg) 5 (805 kg/ha), CO 5 (775 kg/ha) and CO 6 (826
kg/ha) respectively over two years of evaluation.
Based on the performance at station trials, the culture
was promoted to Multi Location Trial and evaluated
in MLT for two seasons (kharif 2011 and rabi 2011-
12). It recorded a mean yield of 831 kg/ha which is
7.0 and 14.8 per cent increased yield over the checks
VBN 6 (777 kg/ha) and CO 6 (724 kg/ha)
respectively (Table 1.).
Further, the culture VBG 09-005 was promoted to
Adaptive Research Trial (ART). ART was conducted
over two years in 2012-14 (kharif and rabi) at 143
locations. It recorded an average yield of 875 kg/ha
which is 8.7 (805 kg/ha) and 9.1 (802 kg/ha) per cent
increased yield over the checks CO 6 and VBN 6
respectively (Table 1.).
In the On Farm Trials (20 Nos.) conducted at
Pudukkottai, Tanjore and Trichy districts, the culture
VBG 09-005 recorded an average yield of 1073 kg/ha
which is 34.1 and 40.6 per cent increased yield over
checks VBN 6 (800 kg/ha) and CO 6 (763 kg/ha)
respectively (Table 1.).
At national level in AICRP - MULLaRP trails (IVT,
AVT1 & AVT 2) conducted at 54 locations in
different zones, the culture VBG 09-005 recorded
970 kg/ha with an yield increase of 60.86% (NDU 5-
7), 39.57% (TU 94 -2), 38.77% (Pant U 30), 26.14 %
(LBG 645), 23.25% (Pant U 31), 19.46% (LBG 752),
18.29% (IPU 2-43), 17.86% (WBU 108), 16.30%
(KU 96-3), 14.93% (COBG 653) and 9.11% (Shekar
1) (Table 4).
The blackgram variety Vamban 8 was evaluated for
their resistance against major diseases viz., Mungbean
Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV), Powdery mildew
and Leaf crinkle virus over four years from 2011to
2015. It was found to be highly resistance to
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV),
resistance to leaf crinkle and moderate resistance to
Powdery mildew diseases (Table 5 & 6). It was also
screened against major pests and was found to be
moderately resistant to Pod borer, white fly and web
larva (Table 7 and 8).
The Blackgram culture VBG 09-005 has protein and
arabinose content of 21.9 % and 7.5% respectively. It
has bold seeds (4.5g/100 seed) with good battering
quality (Table 9).
The key morphological characters to distinguish other
varieties during seed production are, Purple colour
splash on the petiole and the green colour of ventral
suture of immature pod is with dense hairs. The
description as per the DUS characters are presented
in Table 10.
The blackgram variety VBN 8 was differentiated
from other popularly grown genotypes viz., VBN(Bg)
4 and VBN 6 using the molecular marker technology.
Twelve SSR markers viz., CEDG 015, CEDG 018,
CEDG 024, CEDG 048, CEDG 065, CEDG 090,
CEDG 133, CEDG 198, CEDG 232, CEDG 248,
CEDG 295 and CEDG 298 were taken for the study.
Among the twelve SSR markers, CEDG 048 and
CEDG 198 differentiated the VBN 8 with other
genotype. The marker CEDG 048 showed different
product size for VBN(Bg) 4, VBN 6 and VBN 8 at
200, 190 and 190 bp respectively. The marker CEDG
198 showed different product size for VBN (Bg) 4,
VBN 6 and VBN 8 at 210, 220 and 200 bp
respectively (Fig.1& 1a).
Due to the superiority over the check varieties the
culture VBG 09-005 was released as VBN 8 by the
46th SVRC during 2016. It is recommended for both

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DOI: 10.5958/0975-928X.2018.00159.X
kharif and rabi season cultivation. The national
identity of this variety is IC 617172.
References
Annual Report 2016-17 of All India Coordinated Research
Project on MULLaRP, Indian Institute of Pulses
Research, Kanpur.
Boubaker Ben-Belhassen. 2005. Pulses: past trends and
future prospects. Paper presented at 4th
International Food Legumes Research
Conference, New Delhi, 18-22 October 2005.
Mahalingam A, V.K. Satya, N. Manivannan, S. Lakshmi
Narayanan and P. Sathya. 2018. Inheritance of
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus Disease
Resistance in Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.)
Wilczek). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 7(1):
880-885.
Malathi, V.G and John, P., 2008. Mungbean yellow mosaic
virus. In: Encyclo. Virol. Third ed., 8: 364-372.
Varma, A and Malathi G. 2003. Emerging geminivirus
problems: a serious threat to crop production.
Ann. Appl. Biol., 142:145–164.

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Table 1. Overall yield performance of Blackgram VBN 8 (VBG 09-005) in different trials in Tamil Nadu
Trials
No. of trials /
Locations
Yield kg/ha
VBG 09-005
VBN 6 (Ch)
CO 6 (Ch)
Station
5
1095
857
826
MLT
13
831
777
724
ART
143
875
805
802
OFT
20
1073
800
763
Weighted mean (181)
900
804
793
Per cent yield increase
11.9
13.5
Table 2. Performance of blackgram VBN 8 (VBG 09-005) under irrigated condition
Trials
No. of
locations
(15)
Yield (kg/ha)
VBG 09-005
VBN 6
CO 6
Station trials (Kharif, Rabi & Summer)
5
1095
857
826
MLT (Kharif & Rabi)
10
881
856
789
Mean
988
857
808
Per cent yield increase
15.3
22.3
Table 3. Performance of blackgram VBN 8 (VBG 09-005) under rainfed condition
Trials
No. of locations (166)
Yield (kg/ha)
VBG 09-005
VBN 6
CO 6
MLT(Rabi)
3
666
515
510
ART(Kharif, Rabi)
143
875
805
802
OFT(Kharif, Rabi)
20
1073
800
763
Mean
871
707
692
Per cent yield increase
23.20
25.87

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Table 4. Performance of blackgram VBN 8 (VBG 09-005) under AICRP - MULLaRP trials
Trials
No. of trials/
Locations
(54)
Yield kg/ha
VBG
09-005
Uttara
(Ch)
Pant U
31 (Ch)
WBU
108
(Ch)
Pant U
30 (Ch)
LBG
752
(Ch)
TU 94-
2 (Ch)
Shekar
1 (Ch)
IPU 2-
43 (Ch)
KU 96-3
(Ch)
NUL
7
(Ch)
NDU
5- 7
(Ch)
LBG
645
(Ch)
COBG
653
(Ch)
IVT – Kharif 2011
SZ
9
813
-
-
-
699
754
695
889
820
-
-
-
-
-
CZ
8
884
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
834
974
-
-
-
NWPZ
5
1315
1219
-
906
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NEPZ
7
1249
1222
-
1046
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
IVT Rabi 2011-12
SZ
5
943
-
-
-
-
794
-
-
-
-
-
-
743
712
CZ
1
975
-
-
-
-
1239
-
-
-
-
-
-
808
-
AVT2 + 1 –Kharif 2012
NWPZ
5
692
687
787
517
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
603
-
-
AVT 1 - Rabi 2012-13
SZ
3
909
-
-
-
-
513
-
-
-
-
-
-
912
857
AVT 1 - Rabi 2013-14
SZ
4
968
-
-
-
-
864
-
-
-
-
-
-
614
864
AVT 2 - Rabi 2014-15
SZ
7
956
707
944
Weighted mean
970
1043
787
823
699
812
695
889
820
834
974
603
769
844
Per cent yield increase
-
23.25
17.86
38.77
19.46
39.57
9.11
18.29
16.30

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Table 5. Reaction of blackgram VBN 8 (VBG 09-005) against Yellow Mosaic Virus Disease
Sl. No
Season & Year
VBG 09-005
VBN 6
CO 6
3.
Rabi 2014-15
1.0
1.0
2.0
4.
Summer 2015
1.0
1.0
4.0
5.
Kharif 2015
2.0
1.0
4.0
Table 6. Reaction of blackgram VBN 8 (VBG 09-005) against Leaf crinkle and Powdery mildew diseases
SI. No
Season and Year
Leaf crinkle (%)
Powdery mildew (0-5 grade)
VBG 09-005
VBN 6
CO 6
VBG 09-005
VBN 6
CO 6
1.
Rabi 2014-15
5.00
8.88
24.74
2
3
3
2.
Summer 2015
2.85
0.00
1.78
0
0
0
3.
Kharif 2015
5.00
2.00
4.34
0
0
0
Table 7. Performance of blackgram VBN 8 (VBG 09-005) against pod borer (%) in MLT
Sl.No.
Season and year
VBG 09- 005
VBN 6
Pant U – 19
1.
Kharif 2011
9.72
9.29
26.34
2.
Rabi 2011 – 2012
6.33
8.45
11.33
Table 8. Reaction of blackgram VBN 8 (VBG 09-005) against major pests in AVT during 2012-13 and 2013-14
Sl.
No.
Season
and
year
VBG 09- 005
IPU 2 – 43 (Ch)
Pant U – 19 (Ch)
Whitefly
/ Plant
Web
larva/
Plant
CPD
(%)
IPU 2 –
43
(PSI)
Pant
U 19
(PSI)
Whitefly
/ Plant
Web
larva/
Plant
CPD
(%)
Whitefly
/ Plant
Web
larval /
Plant
CPD
(%)
1.
Kharif
2012
1.1
1.0
11.5
4
3
1.8
0.7
22.7
2.0
4.7
25.0
2
Rabi
2012 –
2013
1.1
3.5
12.5
6
3
1.25
2.5
13.5
2.6
6.7
31.0
3.
Kharif
2013
1.3
0.8
15.0
7
6
1.1
1.1
12.0
1.8
1.9
14
4
Rabi
2013 –
2014
1.3
0.2
10
3
3
1.5
0.3
26
1.1
0.4
21
CPD- Cumulative pod damage; PSI- Pest susceptibility index.

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Table 9. Physical and chemical properties of blackgram VBN 8 (VBG 09-005)
Sl. No.
Culture/ Checks
Physical
Chemical
Weight (g.)
Volume (ml)
Protein (%)
Arabinose (%)
1
VBG 09-005
25
45
21.9
7.5
2
VBN (Bg) 6
25
48
21.0
6.6
3
MDU 1
25
45
21.8
7.5
Table 10. Descriptor of blackgram VBN 8 (VBG 09-005)
1
General
1.1
Name of the variety
:
VBG 09-005
1.2
Pedigree
:
Vamban 3 x VBG 04-008
1.3
Year of development
:
2005
1.4
Year of identification
:
2018
1.5
Origin (Name of the Institute)
:
National Pulses Research Centre
Vamban – 622 303
2
Habit
2.1
Plant growth habit
:
Semi erect
2.2
Plant habit
:
Determinate
3
Stem characters
3.1
Stem colour
:
Green with light purple wash
3.2
Stem pubescence
:
Present
4
Leaf characters
4.1
Shape of leaf pinnae
:
Broad to narrow lanceolate terminal leaflet
4.2
Colour of the leaf
:
Green
4.3
Leaf pubescence
:
Present
5
Petiole colour
:
Green with light purple wash
6
Pod characters
6.1
Pod colour: intensity of colour of premature
pods
:
Green
6.2
Pod pubescence
:
Present
6.3
Pod colour at maturity
:
Black
7.
Seed characters
7.1
Seed colour
:
Black
7.2
Seed lusture
:
Dull
7.3
Seed shape
:
Oval
8
Agronomic traits
8.1
Days to 50% flowering
:
35-40 days
8.2
Days to maturity (days)
:
65-70 days
8.3
Plant height (cm)
:
35-40 cm
8.4
Seeds per pod
:
7-8
8.5
100 seed weight (g)
:
4.9g
8.6
Single Plant Yield (g)
:
15
9
Disease reaction
:
Highly resistant to MYMV, resistant to LCV and
moderately resistant to PMD

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Fig.1. Details of the polymorphic SSR markers with sequences
Fig. 1a. DNA fingerprinting of blackgram VBN 8 (VBG 09-005)
SSR
marker
Forward
/
Reverse
Primer Sequence 5' to 3'
Product size (bp)
VBN (Bg) 4
VBN 6
VBN8
CEDG 048
F
TCTCTTCCTCTATGGCTTGG
200
190
190
R
GCTCCTCTTTTTGCTGCATC
CEDG198
F
CAAGGAAGATGGAGAGAATC
210
220
200
R
CCTTCTAAGAACAGTGACATG