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Towards a Realistic 5G Infrastructure Emulator for Experimental Service Deployment and Performance Evaluation
Due to the rapid development of the fifth-generation (5G) applications, and increased demand for even faster communication networks, we expected to witness the birth of a new 6G technology within the next ten years. Many references suggested that the 6G wireless network standard may arrive around 2030. Therefore, this paper presents a critical analysis of 5G wireless networks’, significant technological limitations and reviews the anticipated challenges of the 6G communication networks. In this work, we have considered the applications of three of the highly demanding domains, namely: energy, Internet-of-Things (IoT) and machine learning. To this end, we present our vision on how the 6G communication networks should look like to support the applications of these domains. This work presents a thorough review of 370 papers on the application of energy, IoT and machine learning in 5G and 6G from three major libraries: Web of Science, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Explore. The main contribution of this work is to provide a more comprehensive perspective, challenges, requirements, and context for potential work in the 6G communication standard.
Cloudlet-based Mobile Cloud offloading is an emerging technology designed to augment mobile elements by migrating resource-hungry components to adjacent local resource pooling. However, the Cloudlet resources are usually limited in terms of the computing utility, storage and network bandwidth. In this scenario, the remote Cloud infrastructure can provide additional computing and storage utility during run-time; the heterogeneous offloading methods for different mobile applications and diverse offloading resources complicate the Cloudlet-based offloading and resource allocation process. As a result, a considerable amount of delay is caused by setting up the execution environment, communication overhead and waiting in the queue, which significantly downgrade the QoS and the usability of such systems. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid offloading model to solve the heterogeneous resource-constraint offloading issues in the Cloudlet, concerning the offloading energy and execution efficiency. A queue-based offloading framework is developed to formulate and analyze the mixed migration-based and partition-based offloading behaviors in the Cloudlet. The execution and energy-aware heterogeneous offloading resource allocation problem is formalized, and a Particle Swarm Optimization heuristic solution is presented. A SARIMA-based load prediction model is designed in the Cloudlet to achieve fine-grain proactive resource allocation. Experimental results reveal that the proposed framework can effectively reduce the offloading energy cost and execution time, compared to currently existing solutions.
Mininet is an emulator for deploying large networks on the limited resources of a simple single Computer or Virtual Machine. Mininet has been created for enabling research in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and OpenFlow. Mininet emulator allows running unmodified code interactively on virtual hardware on a simple PC. It provides convenience and realism at very low cost. The alternative to Mininet is hardware test beds which are fast, accurate but very expensive and shared. The other option is to use simulator which is very cheap but sometimes slow and require code modification. Mininet offers ease of use, performance accuracy and scalability.
In the near future, i.e., beyond 4G, some of the prime objectives or demands that need to be addressed are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and better quality of service. To meet these demands, drastic improvements need to be made in cellular network architecture. This paper presents the results of a detailed survey on the fifth generation (5G) cellular network architecture and some of the key emerging technologies that are helpful in improving the architecture and meeting the demands of users. In this detailed survey, the prime focus is on the 5G cellular network architecture, massive multiple input multiple output technology, and device-to-device communication (D2D). Along with this, some of the emerging technologies that are addressed in this paper include interference management, spectrum sharing with cognitive radio, ultra-dense networks, multi-radio access technology association, full duplex radios, millimeter wave solutions for 5G cellular networks, and cloud technologies for 5G radio access networks and software defined networks. In this paper, a general probable 5G cellular network architecture is proposed, which shows that D2D, small cell access points, network cloud, and the Internet of Things can be a part of 5G cellular network architecture. A detailed survey is included regarding current research projects being conducted in different countries by research groups and institutions that are working on 5G technologies.
The OpenAirInterface Simulator is a tool for simulating wireless network environments with the objective of performing protocol and application performance evaluation, and secondly for real-time layer 2/3 protocol implementation validation. This simulation environment comes in two flavors: hard real-time multi-CPU deployment and virtualized single-CPU deployments. The real-time version is deployed in a specific environment where each wireless node corresponds to one real Linux machine. This configuration intends to test, in an accurate way, real-time applications over wireless networks. The virtualized, or user mode version intends to test real applications on a larger scale creating a series of virtual machines inside the real one. Even though, for small networks, a real time application could also be tested in this version, the behavior of the layer 2 protocols is still non-real time. Its main focus, therefore, is in on non real-time applications and testing of layer 2/3 protocols. This simulation suite is designed for protocol and application designers who require validation of software in a controlled environment as close to reality as possible. It intends to decrease the cost and complexity of performing software measures and evaluation for real applications and protocols.
Cloud computing is changing the way IT is delivered in enterprises around the world, as well as the whole world's leading open source cloud computing platform. Apache CloudStack, helps you implement a cloud computing service in your enterprise and it is a turnkey open source cloud management as well as flexible cloud orchestration platform for deploying reliable and also scalable public and private Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) in cloud computing environments. Apache CloudStack was mainly designed to deploy and manage a large number of virtual machines (VMs) and the software-side infrastructure required to support it. Apache CloudStack is a top-level project of the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) which provides a management server and agents for hypervisor hosts so that you can run an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud. In this research paper, we are discussing introduction, benefits, background, features, use cases and purposes of Apache CloudStack. Further discussing deployment architecture, components, API, pros and cons of Apache CloudStack and lastly discuss about some new features supported by latest release of Apache CloudStack 4.4. This paper show importance of Apache CloudStack as a Cloud provider and give the best solution for service providers, web content providers, SaaS providers, and enterprises.
We present CORE (common open research emulator), a real-time network emulator that allows rapid instantiation of hybrid topologies composed of both real hardware and virtual network nodes. CORE uses FreeBSD network stack virtualization to extend physical networks for planning, testing and development, without the need for expensive hardware deployments. We evaluate CORE in wired and wireless settings, and compare performance results with those obtained on physical network deployments. We show that CORE scales to network topologies consisting of over a hundred virtual nodes emulated on a typical server computer, sending and receiving traffic totaling over 300,000 packets per second. We demonstrate the practical usability of CORE in a hybrid wired-wireless scenario composed of both physical and emulated nodes, carrying live audio and video streams.
Cloud computing is a quite new concept for which the resources are virtualized, dynamically extended and provided as a service on the Internet. In this paper, we present a comparative study between some of the IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) commonly used to select the best suited one for deployment and research development in the field of cloud computing. The aim is to provide the computer industry with the opportunity to build a hosting architecture, massively scalable which is completely open source, while overcoming the constraints and the use of proprietary technologies. Then, we present the solution OpenStack retained by the comparative study. We discuss in detail its functional and architectural system. We finish by a discussion of the motivation of our choice of the IaaS solution. General Terms:
The OpenAirInterface wireless network emulator, a tool with the dual objective of performing protocol and application performance evaluation, in addition to real-time layer 2/3 protocol implementation validation, is described. The current example protocol implementations closely resemble those of evolving UMTS-LTE and 802.16e/m networks with the additional possibility for creating mesh network topologies. They do not provide any form of compliance, however, with these standards. The emulation environment comes in both real-time and non-real-time flavors based on RTAI/Linux open-source developments. Novel ideas for physical layer (PHY) abstraction are also reviewed.
Wireless Sensor Networks are by nature deployed over an undetermined geographical area with uncountable number of nodes, which makes them best studied through simulation. Due to special characteristics of these networks a number of simulation tools have been introduced by institutes and individuals each with different mechanisms and approaches. Hence, selecting a proper simulator based on the network under investigation is of vital role for the researchers. This paper provides a performance analysis of one of the renowned simulators, namely Castalia, through various scenarios and multiple cases. The study introduces some performance metrics which reflect different aspects of the tool and shows that Castalia is sensitive to large number of nodes in terms of execution time.
Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) is an emerging ecosystem, which aims at converging telecommunication and IT services, providing a cloud computing platform at the edge of the Radio Access Network (RAN). MEC offers storage and computational resources at the edge, reducing latency for mobile end users and utilizing more efficiently the mobile backhaul and core networks. This paper introduces a survey on MEC and focuses on the fundamental key enabling technologies. It elaborates MEC orchestration considering both individual services and a network of MEC platforms supporting mobility, bringing light into the different orchestration deployment options. In addition, this paper analyzes the MEC reference architecture and main deployment scenarios, which offer multi-tenancy support for application developers, content providers and third parties. Finally, this paper overviews the current standardization activities and elaborates further on open research challenges.
Virtualization is a hot topic in operating systems these days. It is useful in many scenarios: server consolida-tion, virtual test environments, and for Linux enthusiasts who still can not decide which distribution is best. Re-cently, hardware vendors of commodity x86 processors have added virtualization extensions to the instruction set that can be utilized to write relatively simple virtual machine monitors. The Kernel-based Virtual Machine, or kvm, is a new Linux subsystem which leverages these virtualization extensions to add a virtual machine monitor (or hyper-visor) capability to Linux. Using kvm, one can create and run multiple virtual machines. These virtual ma-chines appear as normal Linux processes and integrate seamlessly with the rest of the system.
As networks of computing devices grow larger and more complex, the need for highly accurate and scalable network simulation
technologies becomes critical. Despite the emergence of large-scale testbeds for network research, simulation still plays
a vital role in terms of scalability (both in size and in experimental speed), reproducibility, rapid prototyping, and education. With simulation based studies, the approach can be studied in detail at varying scales, with varying data applications,
varying field conditions, and will result in reproducible and analyzable results.
Several computer network simulators are compared. One of the most
powerful simulation software packages - OPNET (OPtimized Network
Engineering Tool) s introduced in detail. The implementation
details of the network models in OPNET are given. Some simulation
examples are also illustrated
Several computer network simulators are compared. One of the most powerful software simulation package-OPNET is introduced in detail. The implementation details of the network models in OPNET are given. Some simulation examples are also illustrated. 1 NETWORK SIMULATION Simulation Modeling is becoming an increasingly popular method for network performance analysis. Generally, there are two forms of network simulation: analytical modeling and computer simulation. The first is by mathematical analysis that characterizes a network as a set of equations. The main disadvantage is its over simplistic view of the network and inability to simulate the dynamic nature of a network. Thus, the study of a complex system always requires a discrete event simulation package, which can compute the time that would be associated with real events in a real-life situation. Software simulator is a valuable tool especially for today's network with complex architectures and topologies. Designers can test th...
Cloud director user's guide
- C Director
Openairinterface simulation platform
- H Anouar
- C Bonnet
- D Câmara
- F Filali
- R Knopp
Resource management with vmware drs
- V Infrastructure