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The Strategic Agility Gap: How Organizations Are Slow and Stale to Adapt in Turbulent Worlds

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Abstract and Figures

How can organizations cope with accelerating change in more complex worlds? The growth of capabilities produces expanded scales of operation, extensive interdependencies, new vulnerabilities, and puzzling failures. The result is the Strategic Agility Gap where organizations are slow and stale in recognizing changing risks and fall behind the pace of change. The chapter addresses what factors drive the gap and what adaptive capabilities allow organizations to flourish in the gap. The result is a new paradigm for continuous adaptability illustrated in web-powered enterprises.
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... L'activité des équipes de première ligne est donc essentielle pour gérer le travail quotidien et les perturbations potentielles qui peuvent affecter l'organisation. Dans des contextes perturbés, ces équipes peuvent même être contraintes d'agir rapidement et de s'organiser pour faire face à l'émergence de perturbations existantes (Hollnagel, 2006 ;Macrae, 2019 ;Woods, 2020 ...
... rupture du stock de masques et de matériel clinique) ou pour obtenir du personnel de renfort pendant les périodes critiques de la crise (ex. demandes excessives auprès des agences d'intérim, concurrence généralisée, etc.).La crise sanitaire actuelle a donc réaffirmé l'idée que les organisations devront s'habituer à fonctionner dans un monde de plus en plus incertain et complexe, dans lequel, en plus de gérer les pressions quotidiennes, elles devront être capables de faire face à des crises de diverses natures (financières, informatiques, naturelles, sanitaires, etc.)(Beck, 2001 ;Woods, 2020 ; Paries, 2011). Des phénomènes tels que la mondialisation, le financement du marché, la révolution numérique, le changement climatique, entre autres, amènent les organisations à fonctionner dans des environnements turbulents et instables avec des ressources de plus en plus limitées(Woods, 2020 ;. ...
... demandes excessives auprès des agences d'intérim, concurrence généralisée, etc.).La crise sanitaire actuelle a donc réaffirmé l'idée que les organisations devront s'habituer à fonctionner dans un monde de plus en plus incertain et complexe, dans lequel, en plus de gérer les pressions quotidiennes, elles devront être capables de faire face à des crises de diverses natures (financières, informatiques, naturelles, sanitaires, etc.)(Beck, 2001 ;Woods, 2020 ; Paries, 2011). Des phénomènes tels que la mondialisation, le financement du marché, la révolution numérique, le changement climatique, entre autres, amènent les organisations à fonctionner dans des environnements turbulents et instables avec des ressources de plus en plus limitées(Woods, 2020 ;. L'augmentation de la capacité de performance des organisations apporte de nouvelles opportunités, mais accroît également la complexité, et avec elle apparaissent de nouvelles menaces(Carlson & Doyle, 2000 ; Decker, 2018).Ces dernières années, de nombreux efforts déployés dans les domaines des sciences sociales et de l'ingénierie pour comprendre la gestion des risques dans les organisations complexes se sont 87 concentrés sur les idées et les idéaux de résilience. ...
Thesis
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Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'étude des mécanismes et des conditions qui permettent aux systèmes de soins de s'adapter aux perturbations en termes de personnel pour maintenir une performance acceptable. La performance de toute organisation dépend de sa capacité à disposer d'un nombre suffisant de travailleurs qualifiés et à les déployer judicieusement dans un environnement de travail propice. Cette étude ethnographique a été menée dans sept secteur d'hospitalisation du département de neurologie d'un grand hôpital parisien qui subit un déficit constant de personnel soignant. La recherche se concentre sur l'analyse des solutions adoptées par l'organisation pour configurer les équipes de soins face à la réalité des ressources humaines effectivement disponibles et sur la manière dont les équipes de soins, dans ce contexte, s'efforcent de fournir des soins de qualité et sûrs. Trois études empiriques ont été menées du côté du personnel soignant (AS et IDE) et des cadres de santé. Les résultats donnent matière à réflexion sur les types de pratiques et de conditions nécessaires pour assurer une gestion durable des ressources humaines à court et à long terme.
... The situation is exacerbated by the historically fragmented governance of critical infrastructures spanning several government departments (Oughton et al., 2018). Future strategies to strengthen the capability of critical infrastructures to cope with disruptions should therefore build on the principles of resilience and adaptation (Hollnagel, Woods, and Leveson, 2006;Schulman, 2022;Woods, 2020). ...
... This is important because it is not feasible to prescribe, describe and risk assess all possibilities for action that are available in complex sociotechnical systems such as critical infrastructures, especially when dealing with unforeseen events. Efforts to strengthen the capability of critical infrastructures to cope with disruptions should therefore build on the principles of resilience and adaptation (Hollnagel et al., 2006;Schulman, 2022;Woods, 2020). ...
Article
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The objective of this work has been to propose a framework that will aid governments with the development of more coherent and effective infrastructure planning and resilience policies through a system-of-systems approach that is grounded in theory for complex sociotechnical systems. The framework has been developed by using a work domain analysis (WDA). The WDA consists of an abstraction hierarchy analysis and a part-whole decomposition. Together, the abstraction hierarchy and the part-whole description form the abstraction-decomposition space (ADS) for which the system constraints apply. By imposing constraints, the WDA promotes design for adaptation where actors within the system are allowed to adapt their behaviour as they find appropriate without violating the system’s constraints. The proposed ADS consists of five levels of abstraction and four levels of decomposition. By applying the ADS, it will aid decision making related to the overall purposes of the critical infrastructure system, the values and priority measures that are used to assess the system’s progress towards the functional purposes, as well as formulation of infrastructure needs that are necessary to achieve the functional purposes. The framework is formative in the sense that it reveals how work can be done in the critical infrastructure system. This is important because it is not feasible to prescribe, describe and risk assess all possibilities for action that are available in complex sociotechnical systems, especially when dealing with unforeseen events. Future research should focus on finding science-based yet useful in practice ways for establishing values and priority measures that encompass sustainability issues and resilience standards.
... That is, our findings show that organizations can (and did) rapidly adjust their communication patterns in anticipation of formal policy requirements or response to local environmental conditions (e.g., the increasing spread of the virus in workplaces.) This degree of responsiveness is surprising when juxtaposed with the literature showing that many organizations can be slow to adapt and change, especially as they become large or are required to respond to rapid political and regulatory change (Woods, 2020;Wright et al., 2004). ...
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This chapter provides one input to resilience management strategies in the form of three basic patterns in how adaptive systems fail. The three basic patterns are (1) decompensation – when the system exhausts its capacity to adapt as disturbances / challenges cascade; (2) working at cross-purposes – when roles exhibit behaviour that is locally adaptive but globally mal-adaptive; and (3) getting stuck in outdated behaviours – when the system over-relies on past successes. Illustrations are drawn from urban fire-fighting and crisis management. A working organisation needs to be able to see and avoid or recognise and escape when the system is moving toward one of the three basic adaptive traps. Understanding how adaptive systems can fail requires contrasting diverse perspectives.
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