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A revision of the family Byturidae (Coleoptera) in Asia
Abstract
Seven species in 3 genera (Byturus, Xerasia, Byturodes) are recognized for the family Byturidae in Asia. Distributions and relationships are discussed; a diagnostic key is provided. -from Authors
... Определение осуществлено А.С. Сажневым по ключам из европейской ревизии рода Xerasia [Springer, Goodrich, 1986] и на основе габитуального сравнения с фотоматериалами из статьи А.В. Ковалева [Kovalev, 2020]. ...
... Взрослые жуки, по всей видимости, палинофаги, на что указывает обнаружение в пищеварительном тракте имаго X. variegata пыльцевых зерен сосновых (Pinaceae) и дуба [Springer, Goodrich, 1990]. Образ жизни X. meschniggi неизвестен, хотя предполагаемая связь этого вида со мхами на дубах [Springer, Goodrich, 1986] (Querqus spp.) [Springer, Goodrich, 1986] представляется маловероятной. К сожалению, наши находки не дополняют информацию о биологии X. meschniggi, однако они так же, как и большинство предыдущих, были сделаны в «холодное» время года. ...
... Взрослые жуки, по всей видимости, палинофаги, на что указывает обнаружение в пищеварительном тракте имаго X. variegata пыльцевых зерен сосновых (Pinaceae) и дуба [Springer, Goodrich, 1990]. Образ жизни X. meschniggi неизвестен, хотя предполагаемая связь этого вида со мхами на дубах [Springer, Goodrich, 1986] (Querqus spp.) [Springer, Goodrich, 1986] представляется маловероятной. К сожалению, наши находки не дополняют информацию о биологии X. meschniggi, однако они так же, как и большинство предыдущих, были сделаны в «холодное» время года. ...
Приводятся сведения о повторном обнаружении в Краснодарском крае редкого и малоизвестного вида жесткокрылых Xerasia meschniggi (Reitter, 1905) (Coleoptera: Byturidae), известного из этого региона и России в целом лишь по сборам начала XX в. Предлагается включение X. meschniggi в следующее издание Красной книги Краснодарского края. Финансирование: работа А.С. Сажнева проведена в рамках выполнения государственного задания №121051100109-1.
... Notes. Two genera and two species are known from California (Springer & Goodrich, 1983). Springer & Goodrich (1983) provided a revision of the family for North America. ...
... Two genera and two species are known from California (Springer & Goodrich, 1983). Springer & Goodrich (1983) provided a revision of the family for North America. ...
... Xerasia grisescens (Jayne, 1882) Nomenclatural Authority: Springer & Goodrich (1991) Literature Records: Santa Catalina (Cockerell, 1940: 286;Springer & Goodrich, 1983: 190 [map only]), Santa Cruz (Springer & Goodrich, 1983: 190 [map only];Naughton et al., 2014: 303) Digitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (2 LACM; 11 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH) Range: Also known from mainland (Springer & Goodrich, 1983). Notes. ...
The beetle fauna of the California Channel Islands is here enumerated for the first time in over 120 years. We provide an annotated checklist documenting species-by-island diversity from an exhaustive literature review and analysis of a compiled dataset of 26,609 digitized specimen records to which were added over 3,000 individual specimen determinations. We report 825 unique species from 514 genera and 71 families (including 17 new family records) comprising 1,829 species-by-island records. Species totals for each island are as follows: Anacapa (74); San Clemente (197); San Miguel (138); San Nicolas (146); Santa Barbara (64); Santa Catalina (370); Santa Cruz (503); and Santa Rosa (337). This represents the largest list of species published to date for any taxonomic group of animals on the Channel Islands; despite this, we consider the checklist to be preliminary. We present evidence that both inventory and taxonomic efforts on Channel Islands beetles are far from complete. Rarefaction estimates indicate there are at least several hundred more species of beetles yet to be recorded from the islands. Despite the incomplete nature of existing records, we found that species diversity is highly correlated with island area. We report 56 species which are putatively geographically restricted (endemic) to the Channel Islands, with two additional species of questionable endemic status. We also report 52 species from the islands which do not natively occur in the southern California region.
... Little is known about the life history of the species of Xerasia, and their immature stages are unknown. The scanty information on the Xerasia biology implies association with oaks (Quercus spp.) (Springer and Goodrich, 1983, 1986, 1990. The collection labels of some specimens of X. grisescens indicate that adults were reared from "oak galls" (Springer, Goodrich, 1983), and pollen grains, recognized as belonging to Pinaceae and Quercus spp., were found in the digestive tract of X. variegata (Springer and Goodrich, 1990). ...
... The scanty information on the Xerasia biology implies association with oaks (Quercus spp.) (Springer and Goodrich, 1983, 1986, 1990. The collection labels of some specimens of X. grisescens indicate that adults were reared from "oak galls" (Springer, Goodrich, 1983), and pollen grains, recognized as belonging to Pinaceae and Quercus spp., were found in the digestive tract of X. variegata (Springer and Goodrich, 1990). ...
Xerasia meschniggi (Reitter, 1905) (Byturidae), previously considered endemic to the south of Central Europe, was discovered among material of the beetles collected by the late K.V. Arnoldi in the early 20th century in
the territory of present-day Krasnodar City, Northwestern Caucasus.
... Oviposition takes place from mid-June to mid-July. After 14 days, the first larvae emerge and begin feeding on the fruit, leaves and seeds according to Springer and Goodrich (1986). In our study, leaf and fruit herbivory was negligible, and Byturus ochraceus predated almost exclusively on seeds. ...
... The larvae are present from the end of June until the end of August (Springer & Goodrich, 1986). (Supporting Information S1). ...
Flowering phenology is an important life‐history trait affecting plant reproductive performance and is influenced by various abiotic and biotic factors. Pre‐dispersal seed predation and pollination are expected to impose counteracting selection pressure on flowering phenology, with pre‐dispersal seed predation expected to favour off‐peak flowering and pollination to favour synchronous flowering.
Here we studied the effect of pre‐dispersal seed predation by the beetle Byturus ochraceus, a specialist seed herbivore, on the flowering phenology of Geum urbanum. This forest understorey plant species is self‐pollinating, so that the influence of seed predation can be studied independent from pollination. We measured in detail the timing and predation rate of individual flowers during two consecutive years in more than 60 individuals. We tested the hypotheses that pre‐dispersal seed predation exerts selection for within‐season compensatory flowering as well as for induced phenological avoidance in the following season.
We found no indication for compensatory flowering within a growing season, but plants that experienced predation shifted their flowers to the end of the flowering season the subsequent year. This induced phenological avoidance points to a plastic response to pre‐dispersal seed predation that may be adaptive. Importantly, the delay in flower production came at a cost, since flowers later in the season had a reduced seed output, presumably because of increasing light limitation following forest canopy closure.
Synthesis. Herbivory by specialist enemies can cause serious fitness decline in hosts. We here show that induced shifts in phenology can form an important defense strategy against pre‐dispersal seed predation. The induced mismatches between herbivore and host phenology are anticipated to be adaptive when herbivory is predictable across successive flowering periods.
... Oviposition takes place from mid-June to mid-July. After 14 days, the first larvae emerge and begin feeding on the fruit, leaves and seeds according to Springer & Goodrich (1986). In our study, leave and fruit herbivory was negligible and byturus ochraceus predated almost exclusively on seeds. ...
... In our study, leave and fruit herbivory was negligible and byturus ochraceus predated almost exclusively on seeds. The larvae are present from the end of June till the end of August (Springer & Goodrich 1986). urbanum it was hard to define one general flowering peak and, therefore, to derive a measure of off-peak flowering. ...
... The Byturidae Gistl, 1848 is a small family of beetles with two subfamilies comprising only seven genera and 18 species in the world fauna (Springer & Goodrich 1983, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1995, Goodrich & Springer 1987, 1988, 1993, Rosa 2000, Malloch et al. 2001, Löbl 2007, Ivie 2011, Sazhnev & Karpenko 2024, Háva 2024. The Palaearctic Byturidae are represented by three genera (Byturus Latreille, 1797, Haematoides Fairmaire, 1878, and Xerasia Lewis, 1895 with eleven species; four species of Byturus were recorded for the Chinese fauna (Springer & Goodrich 1990, Löbl 2007. ...
Taxonomy, new species, new records, key to species, list of species, Abstract. The new species Byturus holzschuhi sp. nov. from China: Hunan Province is described, illustrated and compared with known Chinese species. The species Byturus tomentosus (DeGeer, 1774) is recorded for the first time from Lebanon; Haematoides davidis Fairmaire, 1878 is recorded for the first time from China: Hubei Province; Xerasia punica Goodrich & Springer, 1988 is recorded for the first time from Jordan. A list of Byturidae of the world is presented.
... nov. could be easily excluded from Byturidae and Biphyllidae by the metacoxae laterally meeting elytral epipleura and simple tarsi (Goodrich & Springer, 1992;Springer & Goodrich, 1986); from Acanthocnemidae by the wider and longer prosternal process and non-projecting procoxae (Kolibáč, 2018;Matsumoto & Geiser, 2021); from the clerid lineage by the apically bidentate mandibles and strongly transverse procoxae (Crowson, 1970;Kolibáč, 2004;Kolibáč & Huang, 2016); and finally from the melyrid lineage by the non-projecting procoxae (except for Phycosecidae) and distinctly 3-segmented antennal club (Crowson, 1970;Gimmel et al., 2019;Lawrence et al., 2014;Ślipiński, 1992). and Parapeltis additionally has externally closed procoxal cavites (Ślipiński, 1992). ...
Beetles have a remote evolutionary history dating back to the Carboniferous, with Mesozoic fossils playing a pivotal role in elucidating the early evolution of extant families. Despite their exceptional preservation in amber, deciphering the systematic positions of Mesozoic trogossitid‐like beetles remains challenging. Here, we describe and illustrate a new trogossitid‐like lineage from mid‐Cretaceous Kachin amber, Foveapeltis rutai Li, Kolibáč, Liu & Cai, gen. et sp. nov. Foveapeltis stands out within the Cleroidea due to the presence of a significant large cavity on each hypomeron. While the exact phylogenetic placement of Foveapeltis remains uncertain, we offer a discussion on its potential affinity based on our constrained phylogenetic analyses.
The species of the family Byturidae (Coleoptera) recorded from the Himalayas are summarized. The species Byturus tomentosus (DeGeer, 1774) is newly recorded from India: Uttaranchal.
This paper contains information on 3 members of the family Byturidae: Byturus ochraceus, B. tomentosus, and Xerasia meschniggi. On the basis of collected material and literature data maps of distribution these beetle species were prepared. Moreover, the paper is supplemented with a key for the identification of the insects under discussion and a taxonomic review of European Byturidae.
All 8237 species-group taxa of Coleoptera known to occur in Canada and Alaska are recorded by province/territory or state, along with their author(s) and year of publication, in a classification framework. Only presence of taxa in each Canadian province or territory and Alaska is noted. Labrador is considered a distinct geographical entity. Adventive and Holarctic species-group taxa are indicated. References to pertinent identification keys are given under the corresponding supraspecific taxa in the data archive.
Increases in international trade combined with the undeniable effects of global warming have led, and continue to lead, to significant changes in species composition on the planet. Comprehensive species checklists represent valuable tools to assess biodiversity patterns and monitor distributional changes over time.
Here we report the distribution for all 8238 species-group taxa of Coleoptera known to occur in Canada and Alaska. From west to east, the number of species-group taxa are 1448 (Alaska), 1041 (Yukon Territory), 1115 (Northern Territory), 123 (Nunavut), 3932 (British Columbia), 2863 (Alberta), 2353 (Saskatchewan), 2679 (Manitoba), 4513 (Ontario), 4127 (Quebec), 2704 (New Brunswick), 2286 (Nova Scotia), 899 (Prince Edward Island), 501 (Labrador) and 1099 (Newfoundland). We document the presence of 393 Holarctic and 629 established adventive species-group taxa. The five most diverse families in the region are Staphylinidae (1682 species), Carabidae (989 species), Curculionidae (823 species), Chrysomelidae (598 species) and Elateridae (386 species).
The valid scientific name, including author names and year of publication, is given for each species-group taxon. The classification follows current knowledge about the relationships of beetles down to the rank of subfamily. Tribes, subtribes, genera, subgenera and species-group taxa are listed alphabetically. References to pertinent identification keys are given under the corresponding supraspecific taxa. The first edition of the Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska was published in 1991. Based on our results, we have added over 800 species to the fauna of the region over the last 20 years, 20% of which are adventive species.
The genus Haematoides Fairmaire is moved from the Dascillidae to the Byturidae. The genus Byturodes Barber is synonymized with Haematoides new synonymy. The type species of these two genera, Byturodes grahami Barber and Haematoides davidii Fairmaire are also synonymized new synonymy.
Introduction Germplasm Resources, Exploration, and Maintenance Breeding Technology Breeding Systems Breeding for Specific Characters Achievements and Prospects Acknowledgments Literature Cited
Raspberry beetles, Byturus tomentosus, use raspberry as the host plant for feeding, mating and oviposition; the larvae are a major pest on the fruit. This study seeks reasons for their choices between flowers of different cultivars. Beetles showed consistent diurnal movements between different cultivars of raspberry, which were linked to differential behavioural patterns; they fed predominantly on Glen Clova canes in the morning and moved to Glen Prosen later in the day where oviposition behaviour was commoner and substantially more effective. Hence two closely similar cultivars of the same plant species received very different levels of flower damage (from adult feeding) and of fruit damage (from larval infestation). These patterns were linked to subtle differences in cues from the host plant; Glen Clova produces unusually copious nectar which may limit oviposition opportunities because of osmotic threats to eggs and larvae, whereas Glen Prosen has drier flowers for egg laying and apparently emits a short-lived volatile cue that principally attracts female beetles. Selective breeding of the host plant has therefore had unexpected side-effects on interactions with a major pest species, mediated by the behaviour of the insect, and perhaps accentuating natural behavioural preferences that serve to reduce competition between adult and larval stadia. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase DNA sequences were analysed from the Byturidae (Coleoptera), which includes the raspberry beetles. The secondary structure of ITS2 was plotted and interspecific changes analysed. Evidence for selection on simple sequence repeats within the ITS2 was found. Phylogenetic trees based on the mitochondrial and ribosomal sequences were compared. They were in parity, indicating they reflect the true evolutionary histories of these insects. There was no evidence for hybridization in the populations surveyed, but there was evidence that the American raspberry beetle, Byturus unicolor, is divided into at least three distinct groupings. Despite sharing a related host, the raspberry pests from America were not the most related to the European raspberry beetle. Instead, links between Byturus affinis from Japan and the American raspberry beetle suggest that this lineage originated in Asia and colonized the Western USA.
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