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Social Entrepreneurship-As a Tool for Sustainable Development of Women in Rural India Leading to Economic Empowerment
Abstract
The empowerment journey of women is in its midway, it"s an opportune context to look back and take the stock of the progress achieved so far. More importantly it is to look ahead to commit to the path for the future. Women need to progressively think to create an ecosystem collectively for empowering themselves economically and contribute to the nation building. This paper examines the social initiatives that are taken up at various levels by the community based organizations set up by the mutually aided groups to improve the livelihood opportunities for women in rural India. It also looks at the impact of these community based organizations for sustainable rural development. And dwells on understanding the economic status of women by livelihood enhancement through social entrepreneurship, by taking few examples where women are taking lead in the economic empowerment journey. This paper is based on ongoing research to highlight the "Social Model" for building the social capital for sustainable development and increase the economic enhancement of rural women.
... Fostering Economic Prosperity through small and microbusinesses at the grass-root level is done by identifying income-generating opportunities in farm and non-farm sectors and providing training for the incubated groups in technical and non-technical areas. This increases the livelihood capacity and employability in the rural communities (Samineni 2018). Institutions involved in developing human resources through long-and short-term programs have the duty to keep track of the performance of their graduates to determine accountability and whether or not their human resource development programs have an impact on the individual, the institution, or the country (CEIQA 2009). ...
This study investigated the effects of a short-term training on pastoral community employment creation and livelihood improvement. The study investigated the perception of beneficiaries pertinent to the benefits of a short-term training scholarship, experiences of graduate trainees, estimation of employability rate after training, and types of employment TVET graduates are engaged during the year 2014 to 2017 in Pastoral Resilience Improvement through Market Extension project operating clusters. Self-administered survey questionnaires were used and distributed to 128 project beneficiaries in Afar, Eastern, and Southern clusters of Ethiopia. Since the instrument was close-ended questionnaires in the form of a dichotomous, and quantitative research approach was deployed. The quantitative part of the assessment was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the support of SPSS version 20. The finding of the study indicated that the reasons for unemployment of the beneficiaries were mainly lack of financial support and poor industry linkage with employers in the areas. On the other hand, such activities should be assessed once again for financial and material support since the majority of the trainees were unemployed and seeking support besides the training received from the program in all clusters from all concerned development partners. The finding of the study depicted, gender-related issues in all clusters implies that women involvements or participation shows a variation in some clusters. However, the project more benefited male beneficiaries than women in all clusters. Therefore, if the project will continue this type of program, balancing gender and equal benefit should be maintained in all clusters. Redesigning the program is required because due to providing training alone cannot bring livelihood changes as the finding of the study revealed. This is because the beneficiaries of the program were selected from an economically poor family background. Therefore, the program should evaluate once again for financial and equipment support since the majority of the trainees were unemployed and seeking support from different development stakeholders in the three clusters.
Bridging the societal gaps and gender equality has been the focal point of the government's agenda for achieving sustainable development goals. Women empowerment and entrepreneurship has a multiplier effect for socioeconomic development of the country for dealing with social issues. Emergence of social enterprises in the economic landscape in previous research has evidence of realizing the social and economic development goals as reiterated in the country's vision statement and sustainable development norms. The study outlines the development agenda contributing valuable insights on the role of social entrepreneurship in women empowerment in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The research is conducted amongst active social enterprises working in the handloom sector of Madhya Pradesh dominant soon after independence, run by Holkars under the label of Rehwa Society, Women Weaves in Maheshwar. The study uses both primary and secondary data such as books, journals, websites, etc. and conducting interviews of women beneficiaries. The findings show remarkable contribution to the cause of financial independence and women empowerment-the marginalised section of society along with addressing socio-environmental concerns. However in developing economies philanthropic activities are limited to few sectors or geographic areas for lack of economies of scale in management and operations in the long term. There is lack of awareness therefore necessitating measures to increase sensitivity towards the same. Finally the study suggests measures to fulfil the dual objective of addressing gender equality along with achieving economic goals and financial inclusion.
This study provides a comparative analysis of 7 cases of social entrepreneurship that have been widely recognized as successful. The article suggests factors associated with successful social entrepreneurship, particularly with social entrepreneurship that leads to significant changes in the social, political, and economic contexts for poor and marginalized groups. It generates propositions about core innovations, leadership and organization, and scaling up in social entrepreneurship that produces societal transformation. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for social entrepreneurship practice, research, and continued development.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the emerging practice of social entrepreneurship by exploring the historical and theoretical antecedents of social enterprise and its contemporary practice. By exploring key theoretical concepts, the paper draws comparisons between “for‐profit” and social entrepreneurs. The paper seeks to discuss the contemporary practice of social entrepreneurship. Discussion of the theory of entrepreneurship and contemporary practice of social entrepreneurs seeks to create a more nuanced view of social entrepreneurship and develop greater theoretical insights into this phenomenon and its recent expansion.
Design/methodology/approach
A phenomenological research approach was adopted, and 80 in‐depth interviews with social entrepreneurs from across the UK identified as the most appropriate data collection tool. Data analysis sought to identify and understand similarities between the more understood and studied behaviour of “profit‐seeking” entrepreneurs and those of an emerging group of social entrepreneurs.
Findings
In‐depth interviews revealed five key themes within which the practice of social entrepreneurship could be compared and contrasted with for‐profit entrepreneurship. These included: the entrepreneurial process, in particular, opportunity recognition; network embeddedness; the nature of financial risk and profit; the role of individual versus collective action in managing and structuring enterprises; and creativity and innovation.
Practical implications
Findings suggest that while the contemporary practices of social enterprises share many similarities with their for‐profit counterparts, significant differences can be found when comparing these practices with extant entrepreneurship research.
Originality/value
The paper addresses an emerging phenomenon within the practice and theory of entrepreneurship and offers insight into similarities and differences between entrepreneurship in the profit and not‐for‐profit sectors.
Purpose
This paper is concerned with developing a framework which allows both economic and social entrepreneurship to be analysed.
Design/methodology/approach
The framework is developed to accommodate the often neglected collective or pluralistic dimension of entrepreneurship. It draws on the behavioural approach to adopt a straightforward definition of social entrepreneurship – focusing on the creation of a social enterprise (co‐operative, mutual or voluntary organisation). The paper is exploratory, developing a conceptual framework, based on some case studies of social enterprises in a range of business sectors, in the UK.
Findings
The findings from this small scale study provide interesting models of entrepreneurship that contrast with conventional models for SMEs.
Research limitations/implications
The research has implications for research on conventional entrepreneurship, as well as creating a basis for developing the new field of social entrepreneurship.
Practical implications
The paper provides policy implications for more effective support of social entrepreneurship.
Originality/value
The paper establishes the importance of some distinctive factors in social entrepreneurship for policy and further research.
Purpose
– Policy actors around the world are increasingly looking to the social economy – markets explicitly oriented towards meeting social needs, usually through the third sector – to underpin livelihoods and deliver welfare services. Once considered an adjunct to markets and states, and possibly even a residual, the social economy is being seen as a legitimate player in the plural economy, able to thrive through the effort of dedicated individuals and organisations committed to ethical entrepreneurship. The assumption is that future capitalism can accommodate, perhaps even requires as recession deepens, the energies of the social economy in making new markets and meeting welfare needs. While a body of research has emerged examining the economic characteristics of social enterprises and how they succeed or not in managing the interface between market and ethical priorities, little is known about what it is like to be involved in the social economy or about what different social actors gain from the experience. However, most academic and policy thinking assumes that engagement in the social economy is both rewarding and empowering. This paper aims to fill this gap.
Design/methodology/approach
– This paper draws on sobering case evidence from Bristol relating to the experience of social entrepreneurs, employees and volunteers.
Findings
– The critical question raised by this study is whether the role of the social economy should be that of returning the socially disadvantaged back into the formal economy. The evidence in this study tends to suggest that this expectation could be misguided and overly ambitious.
Originality/value
– The paper offers insight into the backgrounds, motivations, experiences and futures of people involved in the social economy.
The term “social entrepreneurship” is being adopted and used more extensively, but its meaning is not widely understood. In particular, the scope of social entrepreneurship in both business and the voluntary sector has not been mapped effectively. This paper seeks to do this. It begins by defining social entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurship. Then, using projects considered for a charter award under the Duke of York’s Community Initiative, it looks at what social entrepreneurs do and achieve for the community, at the wide scope of their world, and at the help that is available and needed. The paper includes two case studies of successful social entrepreneurs as a means of drawing out a number of important issues and lessons. It provides a new map for understanding the complexity and the many facets of the world of the social entrepreneur and the voluntary sector. It questions whether the UK government’s stated desire for an “explosive act” of volunteering can happen without more substantial support, and concludes that whilst the growth of this sector is urgent and vital, a number of hurdles remain to be overcome.
Source: Case study presented in International conference organized by TISS
- Archana
Archana, Social Entrepreneur, Millets Farming.Source: Case study presented in International conference organized by TISS-Jan
(2017)
Women as social entrepreneurs:Third Sector Research Centre Working Paper 72
Dr Anne Laure Humbert.(2012) "Women as social entrepreneurs:Third Sector Research Centre Working Paper 72,pp.5, TSRC
Informing civil society.
Posted on dfid"s "huddle" on women"s economic empowerment by drPatrice Braun
Posted on dfid"s "huddle" on women"s economic empowerment by drPatrice Braun(2010).Deputy director, centre for regional
innovation and competitiveness, Greenhill enterprise centre, Ballarat, australia.
Social Entrepreneurs: The Facts', UnLtd Research Findings Series
- N Ramsay
- K Danton
Ramsay, N. and Danton, K. (2010) 'Social Entrepreneurs: The Facts', UnLtd Research Findings Series, [Online]. Available at:
http://www.unltd.org.uk/download/SEFacts.pdf.
Antar Educational Research and Development Foundation
- Social Vineetha
- Entrepreneur
Vineetha, Social Entrepreneur, (2017)Antar Educational Research and Development Foundation, Rajasthan.Source: case study
presented in International conference organized by TISS -Jan
Social Entrepreneur, Millets Farming
- Archana
Archana, Social Entrepreneur, Millets Farming.Source: Case study presented in International conference organized by TISS -Jan
(2017)