... According to Patella, vegaphobia refers to hatred against veg*ns, which manifests itself in stigmatizing, ridiculing or devaluing behaviors and attitudes, especially in relation to anti-species ideologies (2020, p. 105). Studies conducted in different countries show that meat-eaters have negative attitudes towards veg*ans (Michel, et al., 2021;Cole, & Morgan, 2011;Minson, & Monin, 2012;(De Groeve, & Rosenfeld, 2022;MacInnis, & Hodson, 2017;Markowski, & Roxburgh, 2019;Bagci, et al., 2022). Various studies have shown that vegans have to struggle with attitudes and behaviors such as stereotyping, mocking, ridiculing, humiliating, labeling, marginalizing, force-feeding meat products or making vegans suffer by talking about animals while eating meat around them (Minson, & Monin, 2012;MacInnis, & Hodson, 2017;Markowski, & Roxburgh, 2019;Michel, et al., 2021;Veen, et al., 2023;Uzbay-Ulgen, 2023). ...