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Structural–parametric model electroelastic actuator nano– and microdisplacement of mechatronics systems for nanotechnology and ecology research
... the decision of the differential equation of an engine in general has the form The expression of the direct piezo effect [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] is used ...
... The mechanical characteristic [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] is determined ...
... The adjustment characteristic [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The expression for the transverse piezo engine is calculated ...
The structural model of an engine is determined for nanomedicine and nanotechnology. The structural scheme of an engine for nanodisplacement is obtained. The matrix equation is constructed for an engine for nanomedicine and nanotechnology
... The expression of electromagnet elasticity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The differential equation of a nano drive is calculated ( ) ( ) ...
... The expression of the shift magnetostrictive effect [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] ...
... The structural model on Figure 1 is calculated For a nano drive the mechanical and adjustment characteristics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] are evaluated ...
... The expression of electromagnet elasticity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The differential equation of a nano drive is calculated ( ) ( ) ...
... The expression of the shift magnetostrictive effect [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] ...
... The structural model on Figure 1 is calculated For a nano drive the mechanical and adjustment characteristics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] are evaluated ...
... The expression of electromagnetoelasticity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] has the forn -the piezo module, here T j -the mechanical stress, E m -the electric field strength, H m -the magnetic field strength, -the elastic compliance for E= const, H = const, -the piezo module, -the magnetostriction coefficient, S i -the relative deformation, the axis i, j, m. ...
... Therefore, the expression of the reverse piezo effect [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and the expression of the magnetostrictive effect [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The expression of the shift inverse piezo effect [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The differential equation of a nano drive is calculated here , , s, are the transform of displacement, the coordinate, the parameter, the coefficient of propagation. ...
... Therefore, the expression of the reverse piezo effect [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and the expression of the magnetostrictive effect [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The expression of the shift inverse piezo effect [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The differential equation of a nano drive is calculated here , , s, are the transform of displacement, the coordinate, the parameter, the coefficient of propagation. ...
The structural model of a nano drive is determined for biomedical research. The structural scheme of the piezo drive is obtained. The matrix equation is constructed for a nano drive.
... In the paper [13] considers the development of various lumped-element models as practical tools to design and manufacture the actuators with the output velocity. In the [14,16,21] were obtained the structural-parametric models, the schematic diagrams for simple piezoactuator and were transformed to the structuralparametric model of the electroelastic actuator. In [8,18] was used the transfer functions of the piezoactuator for the decision problem absolute stability conditions of system controlling the deformation of the electroelastic actuator. ...
... In this paper is solving the problem of building the generalized structural parametric model and the generalized parametric structural schematic diagram of the electroelastic actuator for the equation of the electroelasticity. The difference of this work from the papers [20,21,23,26] is that the construction of the structure-parametric model of the electroelastic actuator is ...
... For calculation of the electroelastic actuator is used the wave equation [6,7,11,14] for the wave propagation in a long line with damping but without distortions. After Laplace transform is obtained the linear ordinary second-order differential equation with the parameter p, where the original problem for the partial differential equation of hyperbolic type using the Laplace transform is reduced to the simpler problem [6,14,21] for the linear ordinary differential equation ...
... An electro elastic engine with piezoelectric or electrostrictive effect is used for precision control system nanosciences research [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In structural schema of an engine its energy transformation is clearly [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The piezo engine is applied for precise adjustment in scanning microscopy and adaptive optics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. ...
... In structural schema of an engine its energy transformation is clearly [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The piezo engine is applied for precise adjustment in scanning microscopy and adaptive optics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. ...
... For PZT engine its matrixes coefficients has the form For the longitudinal piezo engine its relative displacement on 3 axis on Figure 1 [8, [11][12][13][14] is written in the form where d 33 is longitudinal piezo coefficient, E 3 is strength electric field on 3 axis, S E is elastic compliance, T 3 is strength mechanical field on 3 axis. The steady-state movement of the transverse piezo engine with fixed one face and at elastic-inertial load has the form For the transverse piezo engine at elastic-inertial load its transfer expression has the form Where C 1 , C E 11 are the stiffness of load and engine, T t , ξ t , ω t are the time constant, the attenuation coefficient, and the conjugate frequency of the engine. ...
In nanosciences research the structural model of an electro elastic engine is constructed. Its structural scheme of is received. For an engine its matrix equation of the deformations are obtained in the decisions of the precision control systems. The parameters of an engine are determined.
... For control system of nanomedicine and nanotechnology an engine on piezoelectric or electrostrictive effect is applied [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. For the structural schema of an engine its energy transformation is clearly [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The piezo engine is used for precise movements in adaptive optics and microscopy [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. ...
... For the structural schema of an engine its energy transformation is clearly [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The piezo engine is used for precise movements in adaptive optics and microscopy [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. ...
... For the longitudinal PZT engine its relative displacement [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] For the longitudinal PZT engine its displacements ...
... The electromagnetoelastic actuator with the piezoelectric or electrostriction effect for nano robotics system is used in nanotechnology, nano manipulator, nano pump, scanning microscopy, adaptive optics. The use of the electromagnetoelastic actuator is promising in nano robotics system [1][2][3][4][5][6] and nano manipulator [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] for nanotechnology. The electromagnetoelastic actuator is the electromechanical device for actuating and controlling mechanisms, systems with the conversion of electrical signals into mechanical displacements and forces. ...
... The electromagnetoelastic actuator is the electromechanical device for actuating and controlling mechanisms, systems with the conversion of electrical signals into mechanical displacements and forces. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] The piezo actuator is used for nano scale motion in adaptive optics, laser systems, focusing and image stabilization systems, nano and micro surgery, vibration damping, nano and micro manipulation to penetrate the cell and to work with the genes. The electromagnetoelastic actuator is provided range of movement from nanometers to ten microns; force 1000 N, response 1-10 ms. ...
... For the piezo actuator from ceramic PZT at d 31 = 2⋅10 -10 m/V, l δ = 20, 11 E C = 2⋅10 7 N/m, e C = 0.5⋅10 7 N/m, U = 100 V we obtain values the transfer coefficient for voltage 31 U k = 3.2 nm/V and the displacement l ∆ = 320 nm. Therefore, we have the transfer function for voltage with lumped parameter of the transverse piezo actuator7,11,12,[16][17][18][19]27,31 with fixe one face for the elastic-inertial load in the form ...
... The structural diagram of a precision engine for nanobiomedical research is changed from Cady and Mason electrical equivalent circuits [4][5][6][7][8]. For a precision engine the equation of electromagnetoelasticity [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] ...
... is the transform of Laplace for displacement; p , , c , are the operator of transform, the coefficient of wave propagation, the speed of sound, the coefficien of attenuation. The system of the equations for the forces on faces of a precision engine is written The matrix equation of a precision engine for nanobiomedical research has the form The equation of the direct piezoelectric effect for the piezo engine in nanobiomedical research [10][11][12][13][14] has the form ...
... has the form of the equation of the reverse effectThe equation of the force on the face of a precision engine has the form[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] ...
The transfer function and the transfer coefficient of a precision electromagnetoelastic engine for nanobiomedical research are obtained. The structural diagram of an electromagnetoelastic engine has a difference in the visibility of energy conversion from Cady and Mason electrical equivalent circuits of a piezo vibrator. The structural diagram of an electromagnetoelastic engine is founded. The structural diagram of the piezo engine for nanobiomedical research is written. The transfer functions of the piezo engine or are obtained.
... For a sectional electroelastic engine, the equation of the electroelasticity [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] has the form of the inverse piezoelectric effect ...
... where C e is the rigidity of the load. For a sectional piezoelectric engine at the transverse piezoeffect on Figure 1, the equation of the electroelasticity [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] has the form ...
... For a sectional piezoelectric engine at the longitudinal piezoeffect, the equation of the electroelasticity [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]28] has the form ...
This work determines the coded control of a sectional electroelastic engine at the elastic–inertial load for nanomechatronics systems. The expressions of the mechanical and adjustment characteristics of a sectional electroelastic engine are obtained using the equations of the electroelasticity and the mechanical load. A sectional electroelastic engine is applied for coded control of nanodisplacement as a digital-to-analog converter. The transfer function and the transient characteristics of a sectional electroelastic engine at elastic–inertial load are received for nanomechatronics systems.
... The electro magneto elastic actuator with the piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, electrostriction, magnetostriction effects is used for nanomedical research in the scanning tunneling microscopy [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. For control system of the deformation of the electro magneto elastic actuator its structural diagram, transfer function, characteristics are calculated [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The structural diagram and matrix transfer function the electro magneto elastic actuator is applied to describe the dynamic and static characteristics of the electro magneto elastic actuator for nanomedical research with regard to its physical parameters and external load [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. ...
... For control system of the deformation of the electro magneto elastic actuator its structural diagram, transfer function, characteristics are calculated [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The structural diagram and matrix transfer function the electro magneto elastic actuator is applied to describe the dynamic and static characteristics of the electro magneto elastic actuator for nanomedical research with regard to its physical parameters and external load [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. ...
... In the foundation the structural diagram actuator is used decision with Laplace transform the wave equation for the wave propagation in the long line with damping but without distortions. We obtained with using Laplace transform the linear ordinary second-order differential equation with the parameter p [8,14,18]. ...
... The expression of the inverse piezoeffect. The expression of the transverse inverse inverse piezoeffect has the form [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The decision of the differential equation is written ...
... From the expression of the transverse inverse piezoeffect and two boundary conditions we have the set of equations By using the decision of the differential equation of the we have the structural model of the transverse piezoactuatorThe expression of the shift inverse inverse piezoeffect has the form[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The decision of the differential equation has the form From the expression of the shift inverse piezoeffect and two boundary conditions we have the set of equations By using the decision of the differential equation we have the structural model of the shift in general of the differential equation of the piezoactuator has the form From the expression of the inverse piezoeffect and two boundary conditions we have the set of equations By using the decision in general of the second order ordinary differential equation the structural model in general of the nano piezoactuator is calculated onFigure 1 ...
In the work is calculated of the piezoactuator for astrophysics. The structural scheme of the piezoactuator is determined for astrophysics. The matrix equation is constructed for the piezoactuator. The mechanical characteristic is determined. The parameters of the piezoactuator are obtained in nano control systems for astrophysics.
... Consider building the structural model of the piezo engine, representing the system of equations, which describes the structure scheme and conversion the electric energy into mechanical energy and the corresponding displacements and forces at its the ends. The structural scheme and transfer functions of the piezo engine are obtained from its structural model [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The piezo engine is used for precise adjustment, compensation of the temperature and gravitational deformations in scanning microscopy [16][17][18][19][20][21]. ...
... For the piezo engine from the piezo ceramics PZT the matrix of the elastic compliances has the form for the longitudinal piezoeffect has the parameters: is thickness, 0 S is the area, Р is the direction of the polarization axis 3. [8,[11][12][13][14] has the form: For constructing the structural model of the piezo engine, let us solve simultaneously the Laplace transform of the wave equation, the equation of the inverse longitudinal piezo effect, the equation of the forces acting on the faces of the piezo engine. From the wave equation with using Laplace transform is obtained the linear ordinary second-order differential equation with the parameter s for calculation the structural model of the piezo engine for nanotechnology and nanobiomedicine . ...
The structural model of the electroelastic engine for nanobiomedicine is determined. The structural scheme of the engine is constructed. For the mechatronics systems with the elecroelastic engine its deformations are obtained.
... Drive on the piezoelectric or electrostriction effects are used for nanomovements. The energy conversion in the structural scheme of the drive is visibility and logical [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. ...
... Two matrix equations [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] for the piezo drive have the form ...
The structural model of the drive for nanobiotechnology is obtained. The structural scheme of the drive is constructed. In nanobiotechnology for the control systems with the drive its deformations are determined.
... In structural schema of electro elastic engine its energy transformation is clearly [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The piezo engine is applied for precise adjustment for nanochemistry in adaptive optics and scanning microscopy [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. ...
... For an engine its equations in matrixes [8, For piezo engine Figure 1 its relative displacement for 3 axis [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] has the form where d 33 is piezo coefficient, E 3 is strength electric field on 3 axis, s E 33 is elastic compliance, T 3 is strength mechanical field on 3 axis. The steady-state movement of the transverse piezo engine with fixed one face and at elastic-inertial load has the form For the transverse piezo engine at elastic-inertial load the expression has the form where C l , C E 11 are the stiffness of load and engine, T t , ξ t , ω t are the time constant, the attenuation coefficient and the conjugate frequency of the engine. ...
The structural model of an engine for nanochemistry is obtained. The structural scheme of an engine is constructed. For the control systems in nanochemistry with an elecro elastic engine its characteristics are determined.
... A piezo engine based on the piezoelectric effect is used in the control systems for composite telescope and adaptive optics. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] A piezo engine is applied for precise adjustment, compensation the deformations of composite telescope and scanning microscope. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] For decisions the displacements and the forces of a piezo engine in the control systems for composite telescope is used the structural model of a piezo engine. ...
... The matrix state equations [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] of a piezo engine have the form ...
The structural model of a piezo engine for composite telescope is constructed. This structural model clearly shows the conversion of electrical energy by a piezo engine into mechanical energy of the control element of a composite telescope. The structural scheme of a piezo engine is determined. For the control systems with a piezo engine its deformations are obtained in the matrix form. This structural model, structural scheme and matrix equation of a piezo engine are applied in calculation the parameters of the control systems for composite telescope.
... For nano medical and clinical research, the transverse piezo engine is applied [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The transverse piezo engine is used in nano medical and clinical research, adaptive optics, scanning microscopy . ...
Background/Aim: With the availability of biosimilars, hospital formulary drug selection among biologics extends beyond clinical and safety considerations when comes to hospital resource management, to factors like human resource allocation and financial sustainability. However, research assessing the time and cost of labor, supplies, and waste disposal of biologics from the standpoint of hospitals remains limited. This study focuses on short-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor originators (Granocyte® and Neupogen®) and biosimilar (Nivestim®), comparing them based on mean total handling times per dose and total annual expenses. Materials and Methods: Ten nurses from a Taiwanese cancer center were recruited; they each prepared three doses of each drug. Results: Findings showed that the mean total handling times per dose of Granocyte® and Neupogen® were significantly higher than that of Nivestim®. Handling Nivestim® required the lowest total annual expense. Conclusion: Nivestim® is an advantageous alternative to Granocyte® and Neupogen®, benefiting hospital resource management.
... An electroelastic engines based on electroelasticity with piezoelectric and electrostriction effects are used for micro and nano displacement in applied bionics and biomechanics in adaptive optics, scanning microscopy, ring quantum generator, for the actively dampen mechanical vibrations, for penetration to a cells and for the works with a genes. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] An electroelastic engine is applied in adaptive optics systems for phase corrections in an interferometer to adjust maximum of the interference image. In scanning probe microscopy, an image of a surface is formed using an electroelastic engine to scan an object. ...
The structural schemes of electroelastic engine micro and nano displacement are determined for applied bionics and biomechanics. The structural scheme of electroelastic engine is constructed by method mathematical physics. The displacement matrix of electroelastic engine micro and nano displacement is determined.
... The nano piezoactuator works on the basis of the inverse piezoeffect due to its nano deformation at the electric field strength is applied. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] On the characteristic of the nano piezoactuator deformation from the electric field strength, the initial curve is observed, on which the vertices of the main hysteresis loops lie. The main hysteresis loops have a symmetric change in the electric field strength relative to zero, and partial loops have an asymmetric change in the strength relative to zero. ...
For the nano piezoactuator with hysteresis in control system its set of equilibrium positions is the segment of line. By applying Yakubovich criterion for system with the nano piezoactuator the condition absolute stability of system is evaluated.
... The structural-parametric model and the generalized structural diagram [7,14] of the electromagnetoelastic actuator on Figure 1 are determined, using the method of the mathematical physics with Laplace transform for the solution of the wave equation, the boundary conditions and the equation of the electromagnetoelasticity, in the form The structural-parametric model and the structural diagrams of the voltage-controlled or current-controlled piezoactuator are determined from the structural-parametric model of the electromagnetoelastic actuator. ...
... [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The energy conversion is clearly for the structural scheme of a piezoactuator. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] A piezoactuator is used for the nanodisplacement in adaptive optics and telescopes. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] ...
The structural scheme of a piezoactuator is obtained for astrophysics. The matrix equation is constructed for a piezoactuator. The characteristics of a piezoactuator are received for astrophysics.
... With using Laplace transform is obtained the linear ordinary secondorder differential equation. The problem for the partial differential equation of hyperbolic type using the Laplace transform is reduced to the simpler problem for the linear ordinary differential equation, 9,11,12 The structural scheme of the piezo actuator, 4,9,11,12 on Figure 1 ...
... A piezoengine is used for nano displacement in tunnel microscopy, for the nano alignment in adaptive optics, microscopy and interferometers in nanomedicine and applied bionics, for the automatic adjustment of the constant optical parameter of the ring quantum generators, for the actively dampen mechanical vibrations in the laser system, for the deform mirrors and operations with penetration in a cells and for the works with a genes. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] A piezoengine with a compact design provides positioning of elements of adaptive systems with an accuracy of up to a nanometer in the range of hundreds of nanometers. These precise parameters of a piezoengine are provided by the use of the reverse piezoelectric effect. ...
The mathematical models of a piezoengine are determined for nanomedicine and applied bionics. The structural scheme of a piezoengine is constructed. The matrix equation is obtained for a piezoengine.
... Parametric models allow to describe the behavior of cyber-physical systems by equations representing general relationships between input (independent or design) and output (dependent or target) variables, while the included parameters represent system-or material-specific individual properties. The identification of parameter values with high quality, therefore, plays a crucial role in many scientific disciplines such as material research [1], [2], pharmaceutics [3], [4] or mechatronics [5], [6]. ...
Parametric models allow to reflect system behavior in general and characterize individual system instances by specific parameter values. For a variety of scientific disciplines, model calibration by parameter quantification is therefore of central importance. As the time and cost of calibration experiments increases, the question of how to determine parameter values of required quality with a minimum number of experiments comes to the fore. In this paper, a methodology is introduced allowing to quantify and optimize achievable parameter extraction quality based on an experimental plan including a process and methods how to adapt the experimental plan for improved estimation of individually selectable parameters. The resulting parameter-individual optimal design of experiments (pi-OED) enables experimenters to extract a maximum of parameter-specific information from a given number of experiments. We demonstrate how to minimize variance or covariances of individually selectable parameter estimators by model-based calculation of the experimental designs. Using the Fisher Information Matrix in combination with the Cramer-Raó inequality, the pi-OED plan is reduced to a global optimization problem. The pi-OED workflow is demonstrated using computer experiments to calibrate a model describing calendrical aging of lithium-ion battery cells. Applying bootstrapping methods allows to also quantify parameter estimation distributions for further benchmarking. Comparing pi-OED based computer experimental results with those based on state-of-the-art designs of experiments, reveals its efficiency improvement. All computer experimental results are gained in Python and may be reproduced using a provided Jupyter Notebook along with the source code. Both are available under
https://github.com/nicolaipalm/oed
.
... Mason electrical equivalent circuits of the piezo transducer. We used the method of the mathematical physics with Laplace transform for the determination the structural model and the structural diagram of the multilayer electro magneto elastic actuator for nanotechnology and nanomedicine [8,14,32]. ...
... The electromagnetoelastic actuator is the electromechanical device for actuating and controlling mechanisms, systems with the conversion of electrical signals into mechanical displacements and forces. The electromagnetoelastic actuator is provided range of movement from nanometers to ten microns, force 1000 N, response 1-10 ms [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. ...
The regulation and mechanical characteristics of the electromagnetoelastic actuator are obtained for control systems in nano physics and optics sciences for scanning microscopy, adaptive optics and nano biomedicine. The piezo actuator is used for nano manipulators. The matrix transfer function of the electromagnetoelastic actuator is received for nano physics and optics sciences
... The application of a multilayer electroelastic engine with a longitudinal piezoeffect is promising for nanomanipulators in nanotechnology [4]. To increase the range of the displacement, a cellular actuator and a multilayer electroelastic engine are used [5]. ...
A electroelastic engine with a longitudinal piezoeffect is widely used in nanotechnology for nanomanipulators, laser systems, nanopumps, and scanning microscopy. For these nanomechatronics systems, the transition between individual positions of the systems in the shortest possible time is relevant. It is relevant to solve the problem of optimizing the nanopositioning control system with a minimum control time. This work determines the optimal control of a multilayer electroelastic engine with a longitudinal piezoeffect and minimal control time for an optimal nanomechatronics system. The expressions of the control function and switching line are obtained with using the Pontryagin maximum principle for the optimal control system of the multilayer electroelastic engine at a longitudinal piezoeffect with an ordinary second-order differential equation of system. In this optimal nanomechatronics system, the control function takes only two values and changes once.
... In this work the condition of the absolute stability on the derivative for control system of the deformation of the electro magneto elastic actuator is calculated. The control systems with electro magneto elastic actuator on piezoelectric, electrostrictive and magnetostrictive effects solves problems of the precise matching in the nano biomedicine, the compensation of the temperature and gravitational deformations of the equipment, the wave front correction in the adaptive laser system [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The piezo actuator for nano biomedicine is used in the scanning tunneling microscope, the scanning force microscope, the atomic force microscope, in the gene manipulator [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. ...
For astrophysics equipment and composite telescope the parameters and the characteristics of the nanopiezoactuator are obtained. The functions of the nanopiezoactuator are determined. The mechanical characteristic of the nanopiezoactuator is received.
The structural model of the nano piezoengine is determined for applied biomechanics and biosciences. The structural scheme of the nano piezoengine is obtained. For calculation nano systems the structural model and scheme of the nano piezoengine are used, which reflect the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy of the control object. The matrix equation is constructed for the nano piezoengine in applied biomechanics and biosciences.
We obtained the deformation, the structural diagram, the transfer functions and the characteristics of the actuator nano and micro displacements for composite telescope in astronomy and physics research. The mechanical and regulation characteristics of the actuator are received.
An electroelastic actuator on the piezoelectric or electrostriction effect is applied in nanotechnology, nanobiology, biomechanics and adaptive optics for the precision matching in nanomechatronics systems. For the analysis and calculation of nanomechatronics systems is used the harmonious linearization of the hysteresis characteristic for an electroelastic actuator. The piezo actuator works on the basis of the inverse piezoelectric effect due to its deformation when the electric field strength is applied. To increase the range of movement of the piezo actuator to tens of micrometers, the multilayer piezo actuator is applied. The piezo actuator is used in nanomechatronics systems for nanodisplacement in adaptive optics, nanotechnology, scanning microscopy, nanobiomechanics, multicomponent telescopes. The coefficients of harmonious linearization for the basic loop characteristic are determined by the method of the theory of nonlinear automatic systems. On the characteristic of the piezo actuator deformation from the electric field strength, the initial curve is observed, on which the vertices of the basic hysteresis loops lie. The basic hysteresis loops have a symmetric change in the electric field strength relative to zero, and partial loops have an asymmetric change in the strength relative to zero. The expressions for the hysteresis basic and local loops of piezo actuator are received. The coefficients of harmonious linearization for the basic loop characteristic of the piezo actuator for nanomechatronics systems are obtained. The basic and local loops for hysteresis characteristics of the piezo actuator are proposed. The expression is determined for the generalized frequency transfer function of the nonlinear link with the hysteresis characteristic of the basic hysteresis loop for the piezo actuator.KeywordsHarmonious linearizationHysteresisBasic and partial loopsDeformationElectroelastic actuatorPiezo actuatorNanomechatronics system
This book presents selected peer-reviewed contributions from the 2020 International Conference on “Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications”, PHENMA 2020 (26–29 March 2021, Kitakyushu, Japan), focusing on processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of advanced materials. The book describes a broad spectrum of promising nanostructures, crystal structures, materials, and composites with unique properties. It presents nanotechnological design approaches, environmental-friendly processing techniques, and physicochemical as well as mechanical studies of advanced materials. The selected contributions describe recent progress in computational materials science methods and algorithms (in particular, finite-element and finite-difference modelling) applied to various technological, mechanical, and physical problems. The presented results are important for ongoing efforts concerning the theory, modelling, and testing of advanced materials. Other results are devoted to promising devices with higher accuracy, increased longevity, and greater potential to work effectively under critical temperatures, high pressure, and in aggressive environments.
The electromagnetoelastic actuator on the piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, electrostriction and magnetostriction effects is used in nanoresearch, nanotechnology, nanobiology and adaptive optics. The piezo-actuator is applied in nanotechnology and nanomechanics. The Yakubovich absolute stability criterion of the control system with the condition on the derivative for the hysteresis nonlinearity of the electromagnetoelastic actuator is used. This criterion with the condition on the derivative is development of the Popov absolute stability criterion. The stationary set of the control system for the electromagnetoelastic actuator with the hysteresis deformation is the segment of the straight line. This segment has the points of the intersection of the hysteresis partial loops and the straight line. The absolute stability conditions on the derivative for the control systems with the piezo-actuator at the longitudinal, transverse and shift piezo-effect are received. The condition of the absolute stability on the derivative for the control system for the deformation of the electromagnetoelastic actuator under random impacts in nanoresearch is obtained. For the Lyapunov stable control system this Yakubovich absolute stability criterion has the simplest representation of the result of the investigation of the absolute stability.
In this chapter, the finite element method (FEM) simulation is performed to study the generated stress when the rolling roll is used in the 4-high rolling mill. In order to study the effect of the residual stress, the heating treatment of the work roll is considered before the rolling process. By using the 3D model, we focus on the fatigue failure near the boundary layer, where the work roll received load from the backup roll and the rolled steel. The fatigue failure is discussed focusing on several critical points inside of the work roll. Results of the generated rolling stress are compared between the superposition method and the finite element method (FEM) analysis.
This book presents selected peer-reviewed contributions from the 2019 International Conference on “Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications”, PHENMA 2019 (Hanoi, Vietnam, 7–10 November, 2019), divided into four scientific themes: processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of advanced materials. The book describes a broad spectrum of promising nanostructures, crystals, materials and composites with special properties. It presents nanotechnology approaches, modern environmentally friendly techniques and physical-chemical and mechanical studies of the structural-sensitive and physical–mechanical properties of materials. The obtained results are based on new achievements in material sciences and computational approaches, methods and algorithms (in particular, finite-element and finite-difference modeling) applied to the solution of different technological, mechanical and physical problems. The obtained results have a significant interest for theory, modeling and test of advanced materials. Other results are devoted to promising devices demonstrating high accuracy, longevity and new opportunities to work effectively under critical temperatures and high pressures, in aggressive media, etc. These devices demonstrate improved comparative characteristics, caused by developed materials and composites, allowing investigation of physio-mechanical processes and phenomena based on scientific and technological progress.
We obtained the condition absolute stability on the derivative for the control system of electromagnetoelastic actuator for communication equipment. We applied the frequency methods for Lyapunov stable control system to calculate the condition absolute stability control system of electromagnetoelastic actuator. We used Yakubovich criterion absolute stability system with the condition on the derivative. The aim of this work is to determine the condition of the absolute stability on the derivative for the control system of electromagnetoelastic actuator. We received the stationary set of the control system of the hysteresis deformation of the electromagnetoelastic actuator. The stationary set is the segment of the straight line.
The stationary set of the control system of the hysteresis deformation of the electro magneto elastic actuator is the segment of the straight line. The aim of this work is to determine the condition of the absolute stability on the derivative for control system of the deformation of the electro magneto elastic actuator in automatic nanomanipulators for Nano science and Nano biomedicine research. The frequency methods for Lyapunov stable control system are used to calculate the condition the absolute stability of the control system with electro magneto elastic actuator. In result we obtained the condition of the absolute stability on the derivative for the control system with the electro magneto elastic actuator in automatic nanomanipulators for Nano science and Nano biomedicine research.
In addition to chloride induced corrosion, the other commonly occurring type of rebar corrosion in reinforced concrete structures is that induced by the ingress of atmospheric carbon dioxide into concrete, commonly referred to as ‘carbonation induced corrosion’. This paper presents a new approach for detecting the onset and quantifying the level of carbonation induced rebar corrosion. The approach is based on the changes in the mechanical impedance parameters acquired using the electro-mechanical coupling of a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic patch bonded to the surface of the rebar. The approach is non-destructive and is demonstrated though accelerated tests on reinforced concrete specimens subjected to controlled carbon dioxide exposure for a period spanning over 230 days. The equivalent stiffness parameter, extracted from the frequency response of the admittance signatures of the PZT patch, is found to increase with penetration of carbon dioxide inside the surface and the consequent carbonation, an observation that is correlated with phenolphthalein staining. After the onset of rebar corrosion, the equivalent stiffness parameter exhibited a reduction in magnitude over time, providing a clear indication of the occurrence of corrosion and the results are correlated with scanning electron microscope images and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The average rate of corrosion is determined using the equivalent mass parameter. The use of PZT ceramic transducers, therefore, provides an alternate and effective technique for diagnosis of carbonation induced rebar corrosion initiation and progression in reinforced concrete structures non-destructively.
Last decade has seen growing research interest in vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials. When developing piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, it is advantageous to establish certain analytical or numerical model to predict the system performance. In the last few years, researchers from mechanical engineering established distributed models for energy harvester but simplified the energy harvesting circuit in the analytical derivation. While, researchers from electrical engineering concerned the modeling of practical energy harvesting circuit but tended to simplify the structural and mechanical conditions. The challenges for accurate modeling of such electromechanical coupling systems remain when complicated mechanical conditions and practical energy harvesting circuit are considered in system design. In this article, the aforementioned problem is addressed by employing an equivalent circuit model, which bridges structural modeling and electrical simulation. First, the parameters in the equivalent circuit model are identified from theoretical analysis and finite element analysis for simple and complex structures, respectively. Subsequently, the equivalent circuit model considering multiple modes of the system is established and simulated in the SPICE software. Two validation examples are given to verify the accuracy of the proposed method, and one further example illustrates its capability of dealing with complicated structures and non-linear circuits.
The field of mechatronics using piezoelectric and electrostrictive materials is growing rapidly with applications in many areas, including MEMS, adaptive optics, and adaptive structures. Piezoelectric Actuators and Ultrasonic Motors provides in-depth coverage of the theoretical background of piezoelectric and electrostrictive actuators, practical materials, device designs, drive/control techniques, typical applications, and future trends in the field. Industry engineers and academic researchers in this field will find Piezoelectric Actuators and Ultrasonic Motors an invaluable source of pertinent scientific information, practical details, and references. In the classroom, this book may be used for graduate level courses on ceramic actuators.
We developed a structural-parametric models, obtained solution for the wave equation of electroelastic actuators and constructed their transfer functions. Effects of geometric and physical parameters of electroelastic actuators and external loading on their dynamic characteristics determined. For calculation of automatic control systems for nanometric movements with electroelastic actuators, we obtained the parametric structural schematic diagrams and the transfer functions of piezoactuators. Static and dynamic characteristics of piezoactuators determined.
In this chapter, we discuss the incorporation of molecules into
nanodevices as functional device components. Our primary focus is on biological molecules, although we also discuss the use of organic molecules
as functional components of supramolecular nanodevices. Our primary device interest is in devices used in human therapy and diagnosis, though when it is informative, we discuss other nontherapeutic nanodevices containing biomolecular components. We discuss design challenges associated with devices built from prefabricated components (biological macromolecules) but that are not as frequently associated with fully synthetic nanodevices. Some design challenges (abstraction of device object properties, inputs, and outputs) can be addressed using existing systems engineering approaches and tools (including unified modeling language), whereas others (selection of optimal biological macromolecules from the billions available) have not been fully addressed. We discuss various assembly strategies applicable to biological macromolecules and organic molecules (self-assembly, chemoselective conjugation) and their advantages and disadvantages. We provide an example of a functional mesoscale
device, a planar field-effect transistor (FET) protein sensor, that depends on nanoscale components for its function. We also
use the sensor platform to illustrate how protein and other molecular engineering approaches can address nanoscale technological problems, and argue that protein engineering is a legitimate nanotechnology in this application. In developing the functional FET sensor, both direct adsorption of protein analyte receptors as well as linkage of receptors to the sensing surface through a polymer layer were tested. However, in the realized FET sensor, interfaces consist of a polymer layer linked to the semiconductor surface and to an analyte receptor (a protein). Nanotribology and other surface-science investigations of the interfaces revealed phenomena not previously documented for nanoscale
protein interfaces (lubrication by directly adsorbed proteins, increases in friction force associated with polymer-mediated increases in sample compliance). Furthermore, the studies revealed wear of polymer and receptor proteins from semiconductor surfaces by an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip which was not a concerted process, but rather depth of wear increased with increasing load on the cantilever. These studies also revealed that the polymer–protein interfaces were disturbed by nanonewton forces, suggesting that
interfaces of immunoFET protein sensors translated to in vivo use must likely be protected from, or hardened to endure, abrasion from tissue. The results demonstrate that nanoscience (in this case,
nanotribology) is needed to design and characterize functional planar immunoFET sensors, even though the sensors themselves are mesoscale devices. The results further suggest that modifications made to the sensor interfaces to address these nanoscale challenges may be best accomplished by protein and
interfacial engineering approaches.
The transfer functions of multilayer nano- and microdisplacement piezotransducers are obtained under the conditions of longitudinal and transverse piezo-optic effects. The absolute stability conditions are derived for the strain control systems of multilayer nano- and microdisplacement piezotransducers. Some compensating devices ensuring the stability of strain control systems of multilayer piezotransducers are chosen.
Block diagrams of a multilayer piezoelectric motor based on the longitudinal piezoelectric effect with account for the electromotive counterforce are designed. Transfer functions of the piezoelectric motor with regard to its geometric and physical parameters, electromotive counterforce, and external load are obtained.
This chapter highlights some recent advances in high resolution printing methods, in which a “stamp” forms a pattern of “ink” on the surface it contacts. It focuses on two approaches whose capabilities, level of development, and demonstrated applications indicate a strong potential for widespread use, especially in areas where conventional methods are unsuitable. The first of these, known as microcontact printing, uses a high resolution rubber stamp to print patterns of chemical inks, mainly those that lead to the formation of organic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). These printed SAMs can be used either as resists in selective wet etching, or as templates in selective deposition to form structures of a variety of materials. The other approach, referred to as nanotransfer printing, uses similar high resolution stamps, but ones inked with solid thin film materials. In this case, SAMs, or other types of surface chemistries, bond these films to a substrate that the stamp contacts. The material transfer that results upon removal of the stamp forms a pattern in the geometry of the relief features, in a purely additive fashion. In addition to providing detailed descriptions of these micro/nanoprinting techniques, this chapter illustrates their use in some areas where these methods may provide attractive alternatives to more established lithographic methods. The demonstrator applications span fields as diverse as biotechnology (intravascular stents), fiber optics (tunable fiber devices), nanoanalytical chemistry (high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance), plastic electronics (paper-like displays), and integrated optics (distributed feedback lasers). The growing interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology motivates research and the development of new methods that can be used for nanofabricating the relevant test structures or devices. The attractive capabilities of the techniques described here, together with the interesting and subtle materials science, chemistry, and physics associated with them, make this a promising area for basic and applied study.
The use of the solution to the wave equation to construct a generalized structural parametric model of an electromagnetoelastic transducer to determine the effect of its geometry and physical parameters is discussed. High-precision electromechanical drives are operated under working loads ensuring elastic strains of the executive device. Piezoelectric transducers are characterized by high piezoelectric moduli and they are frequently used to produce nanoscale displacements. The solution of the wave equation supplemented with the corresponding electromagnetoelasticity equation and boundary conditions on the transducer's two working surfaces allows to construct a structural parametric model of an electromagnetoelastic transducer. The transfer functions of a piezoelectric transducer are derived from its generalized structural parametric model and are obtained as the ratio of the Laplace transform of the transducer face displacement to the Laplace transform of the input electric parameter.
A study was conducted to prepare a structural parametric model of a pie piezoelectric nanodisplacement transducer. The structural parametric model was prepared to investigate the potential application of the piezoelectric transducer in the equipment of nanotechnology, microbiology, microelectronics, astronomy, for high-precision superposition, compensation, and wavefront correction. It was found that the piezoelectric transducer operates on the basis of the inverse piezoelectric effect, in which a displacement is due to the deformation of the piezoelectric element, caused by the application of an external electric voltage. The wave equations also needed to solved, to construct a structural parametric model of the voltage-controlled piezoelectric transducer.
Parametric structural diagram of a piezoelectric converter. Mechanics of solids
- S M Afonin
Afonin SM. Parametric structural diagram of a piezoelectric converter.
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