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Notes on Lamprospora arvensis (Velen.) Svrček in Europe
Abstract
Abstract: Lamprospora arvensis (Velen.) Svrček is reported from Germany and Portugal for the first time. A description and illustrations of both macroscopic and microscopic characters are provided. The German report on the bryophyte host Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. is compared to the Portuguese one on Pleuridium acuminatum Lindb., a moss which so far has not previously been identified as a host. Several morphological differences suggest the existence of two taxa in Europe. These differences are discussed and the distribution of Lamprospora arvensis in Europe is given.
... Die flachen Warzen oder Flecken auf der Ascosporenoberfläche sind nur schwach ausgeprägt (vgl. Vega et al. 2013: 500, Benkert 1987: 208). Als Wirtsmoos wurden Ceratodon purpureus Brid. ...
VEGA M, ECKSTEIN J, FRIEBES G, STÖCKLI E (2015): Lamprospora moynei Benkert – now reported from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Zeitschrift für Mykologie 81: 403-416.
Summary
Lamprospora moynei on rhizoids of Ephemerum minutissimum is reported for the first time from Germany, Austria and Switzerland A description and illustrations of both macroscopic and microscopic characters are provided, differences to similar species are discussed.
Zusammenfassung
Die makroskopischen und mikroskopischen Merkmale von Lamprospora moynei werden anhand der deutschen, österreichischen und schweizerischen Erstfunde der Art an Rhizoiden von Ephemerum minutissimum vorgestellt sowie Unterschiede zu ähnlichen Arten diskutiert.
Catalogue of Ascomycetes collected in the French department of Loire – 2nd addendum.
This notice is the second addendum to the check-list of Ascomycetes
collected in the French department of Loire. Some corrections are given to the initial catalogue and new data coming from collections made in 2013 are added.
Lamprospora hispanica and L. tuberculatella, two rarely collected bryoparasitic Pezizales, are reported as new to Germany. The German finds are described morphologically and details of habitat preferences ands well as observation of host species are reported. The observations from the German finds are compared to the relevant published data. Lamprospora hispanica was found to be parasitic to the mosses Aloina aloides and Trichostomum crispulum. The parasite-host relationship to the latter species was hitherto unknown. Weissia spec. was observed as host of L. tuberculatella. Both species of bryoparasitic Pezizales occur in Germany mainly at warm, sun-exposed sites on small patches of disturbed soil in dry grassland. Since such habitats are endangered throughout Germany due to land use changes, it is assumed that the two species are also endangered.
Seit 1987 sind von Lamprospora maireana und L. tuberculatella vor allem aus Europa eine Anzahl neuer Funde bekannt geworden. Lamprospora maireana ist in Europa nun bekannt aus Deutschland, Finnland, Frankreich, den Niederlanden, Norwegen und Spanien, L. tuberculatella aus Frankreich, den Niederlanden, Portugal und Ungarn. Als Wirtsmoose konnten nachgewiesen werden Archidium alternifolium für L. maireana sowie Didymodon vinealis, Ephemerum megalosporum und Weissia controversa für L. tuberculatella. Es wird diskutiert, ob Lamprospora maireana und L. tuberculatella gut charakterisierte, einheitliche Arten sind, oder ob die taxonomisch und ökologisch sehr unterschiedlichen Wirtsmoose und teilweise auch geringe morphologische Unterschiede auf das Vorliegen von Komplexen von nahe verwandten Taxa hindeuten.
Die beiden Arten Lamprospora aneurae (aus der DDR) und L. kristiansenii (aus Norwegen) werden beschrieben.
The species Lamprospora aneurae (from GDR) and L. kristiansenii (from Norway) are described as new.
Pyronemataceae is the largest and most heterogeneous family of Pezizomycetes. It is morphologically and ecologically highly divers, comprising saprobic, ectomycorrhizal, bryosymbiotic and parasitic species, occurring in a broad range of habitats (on soil, burnt ground, debris, wood, dung and inside living bryophytes, plants and lichens). To assess the monophyly of Pyronemataceae and provide a phylogenetic hypothesis of the group, we compiled a four-gene dataset including one nuclear ribosomal and three protein-coding genes for 132 distinct Pezizomycetes species (4437 nucleotides with all markers available for 80% of the total 142 included taxa). This is the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Pyronemataceae, and Pezizomycetes, to date. Three hundred ninety-four new sequences were generated during this project, with the following numbers for each gene: RPB1 (124), RPB2 (99), EF-1α (120) and LSU rDNA (51). The dataset includes 93 unique species from 40 genera of Pyronemataceae, and 34 species from 25 genera representing an additional 12 families of the class. Parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses suggest that Pyronemataceae is paraphyletic due to the nesting of both Ascodesmidaceae and Glaziellaceae within the family. Four lineages with taxa currently classified in the family, the Boubovia, Geopyxis, Pseudombrophila and Pulvinula lineages, form a monophyletic group with Ascodemidaceae and Glaziellaceae. We advocate the exclusion of these four lineages in order to recognize a monophyletic Pyronemataceae. The genus Coprotus (Thelebolales, Leotiomycetes) is shown to belong to Pezizomycetes, forming a strongly supported monophyletic group with Boubovia. Ten strongly supported lineages are identified within Pyronemataceae s. str. Of these, the Pyropyxis and Otidea lineages are identified as successive sister lineages to the rest of Pyronemataceae s. str. The highly reduced (gymnohymenial) Monascella is shown to belong to Pezizomycetes and is for the first time suggested to be closely related to the cleistothecial Warcupia, as a sister group to the primarily apothecial Otidea. None of the lineages of pyronemataceous taxa identified here correspond to previous families or subfamily classifications. Ancestral character state reconstructions (ASR) using a Bayesian approach support that the ancestors of Pezizomycetes and Pyronemataceae were soil inhabiting and saprobic. Ectomycorrhizae have arisen within both lineages A, B and C of Pezizomycetes and are suggested to have evolved independently seven to eight times within Pyronemataceae s.l., whereas an obligate bryosymbiotic lifestyle has arisen only twice. No reversals to a free-living, saprobic lifestyle have happened from symbiotic or parasitic Pyronemataceae. Specializations to various substrates (e.g. burnt ground and dung) are suggested to have occurred several times in mainly saprobic lineages. Although carotenoids in the apothecia are shown to have arisen at least four times in Pezizomycetes, the ancestor of Pyronemataceae s. str., excluding the Pyropyxis and Otidea lineages, most likely produced carotenoids, which were then subsequently lost in some clades (- and possibly gained again). Excipular hairs were found with a high probability to be absent from apothecia in the deepest nodes of Pezizomycetes and in the ancestor of Pyronemataceae s. str. True hairs are restricted to the core group of Pyronemataceae s. str., but are also found in Lasiobolus (Ascodesmidaceae), the Pseudombrophila lineage and the clade of Chorioactidaceae, Sarcoscyphaceae and Sarcosomataceae. The number of gains and losses of true hairs within Pyronemataceae s.str., however, remains uncertain. The ASR of ascospore guttulation under binary coding (present or absent) indicates that this character is fast evolving and prone to shifts.
Partial sequences of nuLSU rDNA were obtained to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Pyronemataceae, the largest and least studied family of Pezizales. The dataset includes sequences for 162 species from 51 genera of Pyronemataceae, and 39 species from an additional 13 families of Pezizales. Parsimony, ML, and Bayesian analyses suggest that Pyronemataceae is not monophyletic as it is currently circumscribed. Ascodesmidaceae is nested within Pyronemataceae, and several pyronemataceous taxa are resolved outside the family. Glaziellaceae forms the sister group to Pyronemataceae in ML analyses, but this relationship, as well as those of Pyronemataceae to the other members of the lineage, are not resolved with support. Fourteen clades of pyronemataceous taxa are well supported and/or present in all recovered trees. Several pyronemataceous genera are suggested to be non-monophyletic, including Anthracobia, Cheilymenia, Geopyxis, Humaria, Lasiobolidium, Neottiella, Octospora, Pulvinula, Stephensia, Tricharina, and Trichophaea. Cleistothecial and truffle or truffle-like ascomata forms appear to have evolved independently multiple times within Pyronemataceae. Results of these analyses do not support previous classifications of Pyronemataceae, and suggest that morphological characters traditionally used to segregate the family into subfamilial groups are not phylogenetically informative above the genus level.
Zwei neue Arten bryophiler Pezizales (Ascomycota) aus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Auflistung der aus Deutschland bisher nachgewiesenen Arten mit Kurzdiagnostik
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Benkert D (2009): Zwei neue Arten bryophiler Pezizales (Ascomycota) aus der Bundesrepublik
Deutschland und Auflistung der aus Deutschland bisher nachgewiesenen Arten mit
Kurzdiagnostik. Zeitschrift für Mykologie 75 (1): 51-68.
Mooschijfjes (Lamprospora en Octospora) voorkomen en verspreiding in Nederland
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Brouwer E (1999): Mooschijfjes (Lamprospora en Octospora) voorkomen en verspreiding in
Nederland. Coolia 42 (1): 2-20.
Miniatyrbegersopper nye for Norge
- R Kristiansen
Kristiansen R (2006): Miniatyrbegersopper nye for Norge. Agarica 26: 69-77.
Un Humaria nouveau et un Lamprospora nord-américain récoltés en France
- Le Gal
Le Gal M (1939): Un Humaria nouveau et un Lamprospora nord-américain récoltés en France.
Revue de Mycologie 4: 133-139.
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De Notaris and Ramsbottomia W. D. Buckley (Ascomycetes, Pezizales) en Asturias.
Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 26: 61-82.
A Preliminary Study of the
- F J Seaver
Seaver FJ (1914): A Preliminary Study of the Genus Lamprospora. Mycologia 6: 5-24.
A taxonomic revision of Velenovský's types of operculate discomycetes (Pezizales) preserved in National Museum
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Svrček M (1979): A taxonomic revision of Velenovský's types of operculate discomycetes
(Pezizales) preserved in National Museum, Prague. Sborník Národního muzea v
Praze 32B : 126-127, 185, 189.
Artprojektets hjältar
- R Sundin
Sundin R (2010): Artprojektets hjältar. Fauna och Flora 2: 2-8.
Beiträge zur Taxonomie der Gattung Lamprospora (Pezizales)
- D Benkert
Benkert D (1987): Beiträge zur Taxonomie der Gattung Lamprospora (Pezizales). Zeitschrift für
Mykologie 53 (2): 195-270.
Neotypisierung von Lamprospora miniata De Not. (Ascomycetes, Pezizales) und die Problematik des "Lamprospora miniata-Komplexes
- D Benkert
Benkert D (2000): Neotypisierung von Lamprospora miniata De Not. (Ascomycetes, Pezizales)
und die Problematik des "Lamprospora miniata-Komplexes". Micologia 2000, 47-61.